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Natural gas geochemistry and its origins in Kuqa depression

Science china Earth sciences 2008年第S1期51卷 174-182页

作者： LIU QuanYou 1 ,QIN ShengFei 1 ,LI Jian 2 ,LIU WenHui 3 ,ZHANG DianWei 3 ,ZHOU QingHua 1 &HU AnPing 1 1 research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development,Petrochina,beijing 100083,china 2 Langfang Branch of research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development,Petrochina,Langfang 065007,china 3 Exploration and Production research Institute,SINOPEC,beijing 100083,china Petrochina Res Inst Petr Explorat & Dev Beijing 100083 Peoples R China Petrochina Langfang Branch Res Inst Petr Explorat & Dev Langfang 065007 Peoples R China SINOPEC Explorat & Prod Res Inst Beijing 100083 Peoples R China

According to gas compositional and carbon isotopic measurement of 114 gas samples from the Kuqa depression,accumulation of the natural gases in the depression is dominated by hydrocarbon gases, with high gas dryness(C1/C1-4)at the middle and northern parts of the depression and low one towards east and west sides and southern *** carbon isotopes of methane and its homologues are relatively enriched in 13 C,and the distributive range ofδ13C 1 ,δ13C 2 andδ13C 3 is-32‰―-36‰,-22‰―-24‰and-20‰―-22‰,*** general,the carbon isotopes of gaseous alkanes become less negative with the increase of carbon ***δ13C CO2 value is less than-10‰in the Kuqa depression,indicating its organogenic *** distributive range of 3 He/ 4 He ratio is within n×10-8 and a decrease in 3 He/ 4 He ratio from north to south in the depression is *** on the geochemical parameters of natural gas above,natural gas in the Kuqa depression is of characteristics of coal-type gas *** possible reasons for the partial reversal of stable carbon isotopes of gaseous alkanes involve the mixing of gases from one common source rock with different thermal maturity or from two separated source rock intervals of similar kerogen type,multistages accumulation of natural gas under high-temperature and over-pressure conditions,and sufficiency and diffusion of natural gas.

关键词： Kuqa depression natural gas stable carbon isotope gas origin

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黄河流域坡高地系统最小生态需水研究

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山地学报 2004年第2期22卷 154-160页

作者：张远杨志峰北京师范大学环境学院北京师范大学环境学院水环境模拟国家重点实验室水沙科学教育部重点实验室北京 100875 中国环境科学研究院北京 100012水环境模拟国家重点实验室水沙科学教育部重点实验室北京 100875

以保护和恢复流域坡高地生态系统为目的,对坡高地最小生态需水问题进行研究,提出了坡高地生态需水和生态缺水的计算方法。以黄河流域为实例,在GIS和遥感技术支持下对坡高地最小生态需水量和缺水量进行了计算,并从时空两个尺度揭示了黄... 详细信息

以保护和恢复流域坡高地生态系统为目的,对坡高地最小生态需水问题进行研究,提出了坡高地生态需水和生态缺水的计算方法。以黄河流域为实例,在GIS和遥感技术支持下对坡高地最小生态需水量和缺水量进行了计算,并从时空两个尺度揭示了黄河流域坡高地生态系统最小生态需水的变化规律,研究成果可为流域生态环境建设和水资源合理配置提供依据。

关键词：生态需水坡高地系统时空变化黄河流域

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The effects of horizontal advection on the spring bloom of phytoplankton in the central Southern Huanghai Sea

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2011年第1期30卷 24-31页

作者： HAN Jun WEI Hao ZHAO Liang SHI Yao SHI Jie ZHANG Guosen key Lab of Physical Oceanography of Ministry of Education Ocean University ofChina Qingdao 266100 China Mailbox 5111 Beijing 100094 China Tianjin University of Science and Technology Tianjin 300222 China State key laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal research East China Normal UniversityShanghai 200062 China

An algal bloom is defined as a relatively rapid increase in the biomass of phytoplankton in an aquatic system. During 30 March to 24 April 2007, a cruise was conducted in the central Southern Huanghai Sea to investigate the spring bloom processes. The spatial and temporal variations of phytoplankton are discussed based on the in-situ observations and simultaneous remote sensing data. The explosive algal blooming varied quickly in temporal and spatial scales, due to the highly patchy distribution. Data obtained at the 2 anchor stations （BM1 and BM2） were analyzed in the present study. Horizontal advection is speculated to be responsible for the abrupt decrease in the concentration of chlorophyll-a at stations BM1 and BM2. At station BM2, the intermediate high chlorophyll-a concentration, coinciding with the low temperature, was found to be advected from the inshore colder water mass located to the east of the site.

关键词： chlorophyll-a algal bloom horizontal advection remote sensing Southern HuanghaiSea

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Seasonal variation of carbon exchange of typical forest ecosystems along the eastern forest transect in china

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Science china Earth sciences 2006年第S2期49卷 47-62页

作者： ZHANG Leiming, YU Guirui, SUN Xiaomin, WEN Xuefa, REN Chuanyou, SONG Xia, LIU Yunfen, GUAN Dexin, YAN Junhua & ZHANG Yiping Synthesis Center of chinese Ecosystem research Network (CERN), Institute of Geographic sciences and Natural Resources research, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100101, china Institute of Applied Ecology, chinese academy of sciences, Shenyang 110016, china South china Institute of Botany, chinese academy of sciences, Guangzhou 510650, china Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, chinese academy of sciences, Kunming 650223, china Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100049, china 1. Synthesis Center of chinese Ecosystem research Network (CERN) Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Re-sources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China 5. Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China 2. Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 China 3. South china Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510650 China 4. Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650223 China

The long-term and continuous carbon fluxes of Changbaishan temperate mixed forest (CBS), Qianyanzhou subtropical evergreen coniferous forest (QYZ), Dinghushan subtropical evergreen mixed forest (DHS) and Xishuangbana tropical rainforest (XSBN) have been measured with eddy covariance techniques. In 2003, different responses of carbon exchange to the environment appeared across the four ecosystems. At CBS, the carbon exchange was mainly determined by radiation and temperature. 0℃and 10℃were two important temperature thresholds; the former determined the length of the growing season and the latter affected the magnitude of carbon exchange. The maximum net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of CBS occurred in early summer because maximum ecosystem photosynthesis (GPP) occurred earlier than maximum ecosystem respiration (Rθ). During summer, QYZ experienced severe drought and NEE decreased significantly mainly as a result of the depression of GPP. At DHS and XSBN, NEE was higher in the drought season than the wet season, especially the conversion between carbon sink and source occurring during the transition season at XSBN. During the wet season, increased fog and humid weather resulted from the plentiful rainfall, the ecosystem GPP was dispressed. The Q10 and annual respiration of XSBN were the highest among the four ecosystems, while the average daily respiration of CBS during the growing season was the highest. Annual NEE of CBS, QYZ, DHS and XSBN were 181.5, 360.9, 536.2 and -320.0 g·C·m-2·a-1, respectively. From CBS to DHS, the temperature and precipitation increased with the decrease in latitude. The ratio of WEE/Rθincreased with latitude, while Rθ/Gpp, ecosystem light use efficiency (LUE), precipitation use efficiency and average daily GPP decreased gradually. However, XSBN usually escaped such latitude trend probably because of the influence of the south-west monsoon climate which does not affect the other ecosystems. Long-term measurement and more research were necessary t

关键词： forest transect carbon budget ecosystem photosynthesis ecosystem respiration china-FLUX eddy covariance.

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The reticulate evolution of peonies (sect. Paeonia of Genus Paeonia)

The reticulate evolution of peonies (sect. Paeonia of Genus ...

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全国系统与进化植物学研讨会暨第九届系统与进化植物学青年研讨会

作者： Pan Jin Zhang Da-ming Sang Tao Hong De-yuan State key laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100093, china, State key laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100093, china, Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, east Lansing, MI 48824, USA, State key laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100093, china,

The genus Paeonia, comprising ca. 35 species of shrubs and perennial herbs, is disjunctively distributed in the northern temperate regions. Three sections, Moutan, Onaepia, and Paeonia, have been recognized within the genus. The section Paeania consists of ca. 25 herbaceous species, of which half are tetraploids (2n=20). Tliese tetraploid species are mostly distributed in the Mediterranean region. Although some evidence supported the section Paeonia to have undergone complicated reticulate evolution, there is still event that suggests reticulate origins of some species within the section. In this study, the reticulate evolutionary history of sect. Paeonia was explored by using five DNA sequences of chloroplast (matK and rpsl6-trnQ) and nuclear genomes (Adh1,Adh2, ITS). The main results are summarized as follows:

关键词： Paeonia reticulate evolution Phylogeny.

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Photosynthetic characteristics of dominant tree species and canopy in the broadleaved Korean pine forest of Changbai Mountains

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Science china Earth sciences 2006年第S2期49卷 89-98页

作者： WU Jiabing, GUAN Dexin, SUN Xiaomin, ZHANG Mi, SHI Tingting, HAN Shijie & JIN Changjie Institute of Applied Ecology, chinese academy of sciences, Shenyang 110016, china Graduate University of the chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100049, china Institute of Geographic sciences and Natural Resources research, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100101, china

Based on the light-photosynthesis response measurement at leaf level, combined with over- and under-canopy eddy covariance measurements, research on photosynthetic characteristics of single trees and forest canopy was conducted. The relationship between light intensity and photo-synthetic rates for leaves and canopy can be well fitted by a non-rectangular hyperbola model. Mongolian oak presented a high light compensation point, Lcp (28μmol·m-2·s-1), a light saturation point Lsp (>1800μmol·m-2·s-1), and a maximal net photosynthetic rate Pmax (9.96μmol·m-2·s-1), which suggest that it is a typical heliophilous plant. Mono maple presented the highest apparent quantum efficiencyα(0.066) but the lowest, Lcp (16μmol·m-2·s-1), Lsp (=800μmol·m-2·s-1), and Pmax (4.51μmol·m-2·s-1), which suggest that it is heliophilous plant. Korean pine showed the lowestαvalue but a higher Pmax, which suggest that it is a semi-heliophilous plant. At the canopy level, the values of both or and Pmax approached the upper limit of reported values in temperate forests, while Lcp was within the lower limit. Canopy photosynthetic characteristics were well consistent with those of leaves. Both showed a high ability to photosynthesize. However, environmental stresses, especially high vapor pressure deficits, could significantly reduce the photosynthetic ability of leaves and canopy.

关键词： photosynthesis light response curve broadleaved Korean pine forest eddy covariance method.

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Remote sensing model and dynamic mechanism for seasonal changes of the euphotic depth in the east china Sea

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2003年第11期 26-30+81页

作者： LI Guosheng, YANG Shilin and LIANG Qiang(Institute of Geographic sciences and Natural Resources research, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100101, china) Institute of Geographic sciences and Natural Resources research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China

Based on remote sensing data and models, spatial distribution of the monthly euphotic depth in the east china Sea in 1998 has been obtained. The character of the seasonal changes of the euphotic depth is summarized, and the dynamic mechanism of the key influencing factors is analyzed. The results indicate that the controlling factors of the seasonal changes of euphotic depth in the east china Sea are the seasonal changes of temperature, diluted water from the Yangtze River, the ocean currents and the front process of different water masses.

关键词： east china Sea euphotic depth remote sensing dynamic mechanism.

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Numerical study of M_2 internal tide generation and propagation in the Luzon Strait

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2011年第5期30卷 23-32页

作者： LI Huan SONG Dan CHEN Xueen QIAN Hongbao MU Lin SONG Jun National Marine Data and Information Service State Oceanic Administration Tianjin 300171 China key laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao 266071 China College of Physical and environmental Oceanography Ocean University of China Qingdao 266100 China Administrative Center for china＇s Agenda 21 Beijing 100038 China

Based on the z-coordinate ocean model HAMSOM,we introduced the internal-tide viscosity term and applied the model to numerically investigate the M2 internal tide generation and propagation in the Luzon Strait （LS）.The results show that （1） in the upper 250 m depth,at the thermocline,the maximum amplitude of the generated internal tides in the LS can reach 40 m;（2） the major internal tides are generated to the northwest of Itbayat Island,the southwest of Batan Island and the northwest of the Babuyan Islands;（3） during the propagation the baroclinic energy scattering and reflection is obvious,which exists under the effect of the specific topography in the South china Sea （SCS）;（4） the westward-propagating internal tides are divided into two branches entering the *** passing through 118 E,the major branch is divided into two branches *** strongest internal tides in the LS are generated to the northwest of Itbayat Island and propagate northeastward to the ***,to the east of 122 E,most of the internal tides propagate southeastward to the Pacific as a beam.

关键词： M2 internal tides HAMSOM Internal tidal energy flux Luzon Strait

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Characteristics of landscape information Tupu of the Yellow River swings and its subdeltas during 1855―2000

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Science china Earth sciences 2007年第10期50卷 1566-1577页

作者： YE QingHua1,3?, CHEN ShenLiang2, HUANG Chong4, XUE YunChuan5, TIAN GuoLiang3, CHEN ShuPeng3,4, SHI YaNan4, LIU QingSheng4 & LIU GaoHuan4 1 Institute of Tibetan Plateau research (ITPR), chinese academy of sciences (CAS), beijing 100085, china 2 State key laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal research, east china Normal University, Shanghai 200062, china 3 State key laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing Applications (IRSA), CAS, beijing 100101, china 4 Institute of Geographic sciences and Natural Resources research, CAS, beijing 100101, china 5 Qingdao Meteorological Bureau, Qingdao 266003, china 1. Institute of Tibetan Plateau research (ITPR) Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100085 China 3. State key laboratory of Remote Sensing Science Institute of Remote Sensing Applications (IRSA) CAS Beijing 100101 China 2. State key laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal research East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China 4. Institute of Geographic sciences and Natural Resources research CAS Beijing 100101 China 5. Qingdao Meteorological Bureau Qingdao 266003 China

Based on the theories and methods of cartography on spatial pattern and temporal evolution in Geo-information Tupu (Carto-methodology in Geo-information, CMGI) and the quantitative measurements of pattern and process in landscape ecology, the methodology of landscape information Tupu in studying the swing process of the Yellow River (YR) over the Yellow River Delta (YRD) during 1855― 2000 has been demonstrated. The main content includes: (1) methodology of landscape information Tupu; (2) evolution process Tupu of YR rump channels; (3) evolution process Tupu of the 7 pieces of subdeltas in YRD during 1855―2000; (4) landscape information Tupu of the modern YRD and the current YRD; (5) landscape information Tupu of YR rump channels on the 7 pieces of subdeltas during 1855―2000; and (6) corridor-matrix landscape information Tupu by YR swings. The methodology of landscape information Tupu here is still primary but we hope that it could provide a new tool for exploring an integrated research on spatiotemporal approaches for landscape "pattern and process".

关键词： Geo-information Tupu, landscape information Tupu, spatiotemporal analysis, the Yellow River (YR), the Yellow River Delta (YRD), corridor-matrix landscape

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Identifying the northernmost summer monsoon location in east asia

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2007年第7期17卷 812-820页

作者： Hu Haoran~1 Qian Weihong~(2**) (1.Institute of Plateau Meteorology,CMA,Chengdu 610071,china 2.Monsoon and environment research Group,School of Physics,Peking University,beijing 100871,china) [a]Institute of Plateau Meteorology CMA Chengdu China [b]Monsoon and environment research Group School of Physics Peking University Beijing China

An integrated index which can be used to indicate the advance of subtropical summer monsoon in east asia has been proposed in this *** index was comhined by three variables including precipitation,wind and pseudo-equivalent potential tempera- *** northernmost summer monsoon location(NSML)was identified by using this index *** was found that the NSML ex- perienced an interdecadal shift in the period 1977—1979 based on the annual index analysis from 1961 to 2001.A comparison of the NSML with other four summer monsoon indices has also been *** result showed that the NSML could well represent the interan- nual and interdecadal variability of summer monsoon precipitation in North china(beyond 35°N),while other four indices could well indi- cate the precipitation anomalies of east asian summer monsoon along the Yangtze River valley(around 30°N).

关键词： subtropical summer monsoon northernmost location index,interdecadal variability east asia

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