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Impact of land-use change on hydrological processes in the Maying River basin, China

Science China Earth sciences 2006年第10期49卷 1098-1110页

作者： WANG Genxu1,3. ZHANG Yu2, LIU Guimin2 & CHEN Lin3.1. institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, chinese academy of sciences, Chengdu 610041, China 2. Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research institute, chinese academy of sciences, Lanzhou 73.000, China 3. Resource and Environment School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 73.000, China 1. institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 China 3. Resource and Environment School Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China 2. Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China

Since the 1960s, dramatic changes have taken place in land-use patterns characterized by the persistent expansion of cultivated land and a continuous decrease in natural woodland and grassland in the arid inland river basins of China. It is very important to assess the effects of such land-use changes on the hydrological processes so vital for water resource management and sustainable development on the catchment scale. The Maying River catchment, a typical arid inland watershed located in the middle of the Hexi Corridor in northwest China, was the site chosen to investigate the hydrological responses to land-use changes. The annual runoff, base flow, maximum peak flow, and typical seasonal runoff in both spring and autumn flood periods were selected as the variables in the hydrological processes. Statistical-trend analysis and curvilinear regression were utilized to detect the trends in hydrological variables while eliminating the climatic influence. The relationship between cultivated land-use and hydrological variables was analyzed based on four periods of land-use variation data collected since 1965. A runoff model was established composed of two factors, i.e., cultivated land use and precipitation. The impact of land use changes, especially in the large ar- eas of upstream woodland and grassland turned into cultivated lands since 1967, has resulted in a mean annual runoff decrease of 28.12%, a base flow decline of 3..3.%, a drop in the maximum peak discharge of 3..77%, and mean discharge decreases in spring and autumn of 3..05% and 24.87% respectively, of which the contribution of cultivated land expansion to the influence of annual runoff amounts to 77%-80%, with the contribution to the influence of spring discharge being 73.-81%, and that to the influence of base flow reaching 62%-65%. Thus, a rational regulation policy of land use patterns is vitally important to the sustainable use of water resources and the proper development of the entire catchment.

关键词： land-use change, arid inland river catchment, hydrological process, impact, Maying River.

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Ambient noise near the sea-route

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2009年第1期52卷 40-45页

作者： HE Li1,2, LI ZhengLin1,3.& PENG ZhaoHui1 1 National Laboratory of Acoustics, institute of Acoustics, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100190, China 2 institute of Geology and Geophysics, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100029, China 3.NanHai Laboratory of Acoustics, institute of Acoustics, chinese academy of sciences, Haikou 570206, China National Laboratory of Acoustics Institute of Acoustics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China NanHai Laboratory of Acoustics Institute of Acoustics Chinese Academy of Sciences Haikou 570206 China

Ambient noise data measured in an experiment conducted in shallow water near a sea-route were analyzed. It was observed that, at low frequency, the horizontal correlation has an obvious difference from that predicted by the classical ambient noise model. The theoretical analyses show that this phenomenon is caused by wind noise together with the discrete shipping noise nearby. An ambient noise model was proposed to include the effects caused by both the noise sources. Data measured at different times verify that the proposed model can be used to forecast the ambient noise field in shallow water near the sea-route.

关键词： ambient noise model horizontal correlation discrete ships

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The effects of the environmental factors on Laminaria disease caused by alginic acid decomposing bacteria

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 1992年第1期11卷 123-130页

作者： Ding Meili institute of oceanology, Academia Sinica, qingdao 266071, China

-The rot disease of Laminaria occurs often in nurseries of sporeling and commercial cultivation in the sea and results in economic loss greatly. Usually the disease outbreaks accompanied with massive multiplication of alginic acid decomposing bacteria. From the section of the decaying Lamuutria which resulted from the inoculation of alginic acid decomposing bacteria, it was observed that the bacteria invaded the epiderm of the Laminaria surface at first, then entered the ex-odermis, endodermis and pith. In addition, there were a great amount of bacteria in the intercellular region and a lot of free cells of the algae in the decaying areas. The wall of some free cells was decomposed, which led to soft tissue or disintegration. Alginic acid decomposing bacteria are normal epiphytic microorganisms growing on Lamuutria surface. These bacteria do not cause disease at normal environmental conditions. The experiments showed that the unfavourable conditions, e. g. , wounding, overcrowding, high temperature reduced the ability of antibacterial activity and made the algae more susceptible to the pathogens and favoured the multiplication of alginic acid decomposing bacteria and finally led to the disease outbreak. The unfavourable environmental factors which resulted from a variety of reasons were the main cause of the disease.

关键词： The effects of the environmental factors on Laminaria disease caused by alginic acid decomposing bacteria acid

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Plumb line variation at Tangshan during 1987―1998 and its relation with the earthquakes around

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Science China Earth sciences 2009年第1期52卷 101-107页

作者： LI ZhengXin1,2 & LI Hui3.1 Shanghai Observatory,chinese academy of sciences,Shanghai 20003.,China 2 {3. of Geodesy and Geophysics,chinese academy of sciences,Wuchang 43.077,China 3.institute of Seismology,China Earthquake Administration,Wuchang 43.071,China Shanghai Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200030 China institute of Geodesy and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuchang 430077 China institute of Seismology China Earthquake Administration Wuchang 430071 Chin

Plumb line variations(PLV) at Tangshan during the years of 1987―1998 are determined by using the 46 batch repeated gravity observations of the Beijing-Tangshan *** has been found that PLV at Tangshan are related with the 3. earthquakes in this *** appears that the time of an earthquake around Tangshan is usually quite the same when PLV at Tangshan begins moving in opposite direction.

关键词： plumb line variations network in northern China variations of local gravity field earthquakes

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Simulating a typhoon storm surge in the East Sea of China using a coupled model

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2009年第1期19卷 65-71页

作者： Baoshu Yin a,Zhenhua Xua,b,Yong Huanga,b,Xiang Linc a institute of oceanology,chinese {3. of sciences,7# Nanhai Road,qingdao 266071,China b Graduate School of chinese academy of sciences,Beijing 10003.,China c Traffic and Ocean Engineering College,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China [a]institute of oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences 7# Nanhai Road Qingdao 266071 China [b]Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China [c]Traffic and Ocean Engineering College Hohai University Nanjing 210098 China

A coupled numerical model with a 20 20 resolution grid has been developed and used to simulate five typical typhoon storm surges(5612,7413.7910,8114,and 9711) in the East Sea of *** main driving forces have been considered in this coupled model:wave radiation stress,combined wave-current bottom shear stress and wave-state-dependent surface wind *** model has then been compared with in situ measurements of the storm *** effect of different driving force components on the total storm surge has also been *** study has found that the coupled model with high resolution is capable of simulating the five typical typhoons better than the uncoupled models,and that the wave-dependent surface wind stress plays an important role in typhoon storm surge-wave coupling in this area and can increase the storm set-up by 1 *** study of the five typhoon cases has shown that the general coupling effects could increase storm set-up by 20-3.%.Thus,it is suggested that to predict typhoon storm surges in the East Sea of China,a storm surge-wave coupled model be adopted.

关键词： East Sea of China Coupled model Typhoon storm surges Wave effects

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Study on impact of dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense on life activities of marine bivalves

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2003年第1期22卷 103-110页

作者：颜天周名江傅萌 Wang Liping Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environment sciences Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China

The effects of a PSP producing dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense on marine bivalvesat their several important life stages: egg, D- shape larva, eyespot larva, juvenile and adult, were studied. The results show that the hatching, survival, activity, filtration and growth were adversely affected by the alga and the impact was significantly increased with the increase of algal density. The inhibitory effect on egg hatching was most significant, which the hatching rate was only 3.% of the control when exposed to the alga at 100 cell/cm3.after 3. h. Further experiments show that the algal culture, re-suspended cells and cell fragments had the inhibitory effect, while no such effect was from the cell-free medium, cell contents and standard STX. The results indicate that the alga could produce unknown toxins, rather than PSP, associated with the cell surface.

关键词： Harmful Algal Blooms Alexandrium tamarense bivalve toxicity unknown toxins

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Interannual variability of Antarctic Oscillation and its influence on East Asian climate during boreal winter and spring

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Science China Earth sciences 2006年第5期49卷 554-560页

作者： FAN Ke1,2,3.& WANG Huijun2 1. Nansen-Zhu International Research Center, institute of Atmospheric Physics, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100029, China 2. Department of Atmospheric Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China 3. Graduate University of the chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100049, China 1. Nansen-Zhu International Research Center Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China 2. Department of Atmospheric Science Yunnan University Kunming 650091 China 3. Graduate University of the chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China

The interannual variability of Antarctic Oscillation (AAO) and its influence on East Asian climate during both boreal winter and spring are addressed. The results show that the positive AAO anomaly decreases the cold activity over East Asia during both boreal winter and spring. AAO-related barotropic meridional teleconnection from Antarctic to Arctic is found through analysis of mean me- ridional circulations. This meridional teleconnection is remarkable over Eurasia during boreal winter and over the Pacific Ocean during boreal spring. The results also show that zonal mean zonal wind at high latitudes in Southern Hemisphere has well positive correlation with that of Eurasia during boreal winter and has negative correlation with Pacific North American teleconnection (PNA) during boreal spring, which again display the meridional teleconnection. Thus, local meridional teleconnection is a possible linkage for interaction of circulations at mid-high latitudes between both hemispheres.

关键词： Antarctic Oscillation, Eurasian west wind, meridional teleconnection, mean meridional circulation.

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Two possible mechanisms for vortex self-organization

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Science China Earth sciences 2006年第2期49卷 202-211页

作者： LUO Zhexian2, ZHOU Xiuji1 & GAO Shouting3.1. chinese academy of Meteorological sciences, Beijing 100081, China 2. Department of Space Information Science, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China 3. {3. of Atmospheric Physics, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100029, China 2. Department of Environmental Science Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing 210044 China 1. chinese academy of Meteorological sciences Beijing 100081 China 3. institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China

The vortex self-organization is investigated in this paper by four groups of numerical experiments within the framework of quasi-geostrophic model, and based on the experimental results two types of possible mechanisms for vortex self-organization are suggested. The meso-scale to-pography may enable separated vortices to merge into a larger scale vortex; and the interaction of meso-γ and meso-β scale systems may make separated vortices to self organize a typhoon-like vor-tex circulation.

关键词： vortex, self-organization, meso-scale topography, interaction of different scales.

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Review on the study of entanglement in quantum computation speedup

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chinese Science Bulletin 2007年第16期52卷 2161-2166页

作者： DING ShengChao1,3.& JIN Zhi1,2,1 institute of Computing Technology,chinese academy of {3.,Beijing 100080,China 2 academy of Mathematics and Systems Science,chinese academy of {3.,Beijing 100080,China 3.Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences,Beijing 100080,China institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China

The role the quantum entanglement plays in quantum computation speedup has been widely disputed. Some believe that quantum computation's speedup over classical computation is impossible if entan-glement is absent,while others claim that the presence of entanglement is not a necessary condition for some quantum algorithms. This paper discusses this problem systematically. Simulating quantum computation with classical resources is analyzed and entanglement in known algorithms is reviewed. It is concluded that the presence of entanglement is a necessary but not sufficient condition in the pure state or pseudo-pure state quantum computation speedup. The case with the mixed state remains open. Further work on quantum computation will benefit from the presented results.

关键词：量子论量子纠缠量子计算加速模拟

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Evaluation of Sustainable Land Management and Diagnosis of Obstacle at County Scale in Sichuan Basin:Taking Lezhi County as Example

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Wuhan University Journal of Natural sciences 2006年第4期11卷 1046-1051页

作者： CHEN Guangjian 1, 2, 3., LIU Qing 1 1. Chengdu institute of Biology, chinese academy of sciences, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan,China 2. Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100049, China 3. {3. of Land Reconnaissance and Layout of Sichuan Province , Chengdu 61003., Sichuan, China Chengdu institute of Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu Sichuan China Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing China academy of Land Reconnaissance and Layout of Sichuan Province Chengdu Sichuan China

This paper established sustainable land resources evaluating indicators fit for hilly area in Sichuan Basin, Southwest of China, and evaluated the case of sustainable land management of Lezhi County from 1990 to 2001. The result showed that the land resource sustainable utilization ability in Lezhi County is belong to Second level （better sustainable）. Secondly, this paper diagnosed some years obstacles of sustainable land management of Lezhi County from base period to goal period and compared the obstacles factors in the indicators system. There were 16 indexes orderly become major affect factor to land sustainable utilization of Lezhi county in indicator system, of which there are 8 obstacles indexes exist both in 1990 and 2001. The value of obstacles degree of five indicators exceeded 5 in 1990, but in 2001, only two indicators＇ values were more than 5.

关键词： land resources sustainable land management assessment indicators diagnosis of obstacle

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