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Higher-order Boussinesq-type equations for interfacial waves in a two-fluid system

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2009年第4期28卷 118-124页

作者： YANG Hongli YANG Liangui SONG Jinbao Hou Yijun School of Mathematical sciences Inner Mongolia University Hohhot 010021 China institute of oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao 266071 China Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao 266071 China

Interracial waves propagating along the interface between a three-dimensional two-fluid system with a rigid upper boundary and an uneven bottom are considered. There is a light fluid layer overlying a heavier one in the system, and a small density difference exists between the two layers. A set of higher-order Boussinesq-type equations in terms of the depth-averaged velocities accounting for stronger nonlinearity are derived. When the small parameter measuring frequency dispersion keeping up to lower-order and full nonlinearity are considered, the equations include the Choi and Camassa＇s results （1999）. The enhanced equations in terms of the depth-averaged velocities are obtained by applying the enhancement technique introduced by Madsen et al. （1991） and Schaffer and Madsen （1995a）. It is noted that the equations derived from the present study include, as special cases, those obtained by Madsen and Schaffer （1998）. By comparison with the dispersion relation of the linear Stokes waves, we found that the dispersion relation is more improved than Choi and Camassa＇s （1999） results, and the applicable scope of water depth is deeper.

关键词： two-layer fluid interracial waves Boussinesq-type equations enhanced equations fully nonlinear

The three-dimensional structure and seasonal variation of the North Pacific meridional overturning circulation

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2011年第3期30卷 33-42页

作者： LIU Hongwei ZHANG Qilong DUAN Yongliang HOU Yijun institute of oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao 266071 China Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves （KLOCAW） Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao 266071 China The Graduate School of the chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China

The three-dimensional structure and the seasonal variation of the North Pacific meridional overturning circulation （NPMOC） are analyzed based on the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation data and Argo profiling float data. The NPMOC displays a multi-cell structure with four cells in the North Pacific altogether. The TC and the STC are a strong clockwise meridional cell in the low latitude ocean and a weaker clockwise meridional cell between 7°N and 18°N, respectively, while the DTC and the subpolar cell are a weaker anticlockwise meridional cell between 3.N and 15°N and a weakest anticlockwise meridional cell between 3.°N and 50°N, respectively. The DTC, the TC and the STC are all of very strong seasonal variations. As to the DTC, the southward transport is strongest in fall and weakest in spring. For the TC, the northward transport is strongest in winter and weakest in spring, while the southward transport is strongest in fall and weakest in spring, which is associated with the strong southward fiow of the DTC in fall. As the STC, the northward transport is strongest in winter and weakest in summer, while the southward transport is strongest in summer and weakest in spring. This seasonal difference may be associated with the DTC. The zonal wind stress and the east-west slope of sea level play important roles in the seasonal variations of the TC, the STC and the DTC.

关键词： North Pacific meridional overturning circulation three-dimensional structure seasonal variation

EI NIO PHENOMENON AND EXTENDED ASSOCIATE PATTERN ANALYSIS

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2004年第1期16卷 90-100页

作者： CUIMao-chang MOJun QIAOFang-li instituteofoceanology ChineseAcademyofSciences.Qingdao266071China／KeyLaboratoryofMarineScienceandNumericalmodelingTheFirstInstituteofOceanographyStateOceanicAdministrationQingdao266061China. instituteofoceanology ChineseAcademyofSciences.Qingdao266071China KeyLaboratoryofMarineScienceandNumericalmodeling TheFirstInstituteofOceanographyStateOceanicAdministrationQingdao266061China

To study the causes of El Nino Phenomenon the Extended Associate PatternAnalysis (EAPA) is set up with monthly sea surface wind stress and precipitation besides Sea LevelPressure (SLP) and Sea Surface Temperature (SST) in or over the Pacific and related seas since 1979in present paper. The results show that El Nino Phenomenon means a SST redistribution, coveringalmost the whole Pacific that needs a huge amount of energy provided by air-sea interaction in themost Pacific regions; It is the wester burst and wind convergence, coming from meddle latitudesdirectly, instead of Kelvin waves that produce the strong SST warm signal in Nino regions; Twonegative SLP anomalies in middle of the North and South Pacific, most likely produced by the averageair pressure decreasing effect of explosive cyclones through precipitation, and the positive SLPanomaly o-ver the Asia-Australia land bridge, coming mainly from the south hemisphere with a littleinfluence from the Asian continent, are the three major causes for El Nino onset, they work togetherto produce anomalous wind convergence in Nino regions and wester burst in middle of the North andSouth Pacific that result in a warm tongue and cold pincers gearing together; Basically, during itsearly stage the ocean is forced by the atmosphere, while during its late stage the atmosphere isforced by the ocean.

关键词： extended associate pattern analysis (EAPA) El nino phenomenon

THE RESPONSES OF THE THIRD GENERATION OF IAP/LASG OCEANIC GCM TO DIFFERENT EXTERNAL FORCING

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2001年第3期13卷 107-114页

作者： Li Wei, Liu Hai long, Zhang Xue hong LASG institute of Atmospheric Physics, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100029, China Fang Guo hong institute of {3., chinese academy of sciences, qingdao 266071, China Key Laboratory of Marine Scienc LASG Inst. of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Acad. of Sci. Beijing 100029 China

Forced by different wind stress as well as different surface heat flux, three 10 year integrations using L3.T63.oceanic GCM are carried out. The annual mean state, seasonal cycle and interannual variability of the upper ocean temperature over the tropical Pacific are examined. In the case of annual mean state of sea surface temperature, relults from D15c and D15e are alike and have good agreement with NCEP data. Defects in D15d include the excessively higher SST over warm pool region and higher SST along the eastern coast. The corresponding westward displacement of cold water is also noticeable. All the experiments represent the annual cycle of SST in the eastern equatorial Pacific while the amplitudes are weaker compared to NCEP data. The intensity of interannual variability of SST in eastern equatorial Pacific is markedly improved D15d and is perfectly comparative with that from NCEP data. The eastward propagations of the interannual variability of upper ocean heat content along the equator in 1982/1983.E1 Nio are well represented in all experiments. On the onset stage of 1982/1983.E1 Nio, the modeled interannual variabilities of SST and heat content are generally the same among all experiments. It is the weakest interannual variability of surface heat flux, which damps SST variability during the mature phase of E1 Nio, that results in a most intensified SST variability in D15d.

关键词： Oceanic GCM tropical pacific SST

Quaternary marine transgressions in eastern China

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2012年第2期1卷 105-125页

作者： Lin Jingxing1, 3. Dai Luping2, 3.1. institute of Geology, chinese academy of Geological {3., Beijing 10003., China 2. Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental {3., institute of oceanology, chinese academy of sciences, qingdao 266071, China 3. College of Earth Science, Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100049, China institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100037 China College of Earth Science Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental sciences Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao 266071 China

Based on the data from 117 holes (9151 samples) and the research on ecology and palaeoecology of Foraminifera combined with that on Ostracoda, diatoms, pollen and spores, eight marine transgressions have been recognized in the great plain regions through the Quaternary sequences and two marine transgressions have been found since the Late Pleistocene in the coastal plain (bedrock coast) areas. In the North China Plain, these are in ascending order:the Bohai transgression in the Early Pleistocene, the Haixing and Huanghua transgressions in the Middle Pleistocene, the Baiyangdian and Cangzhou transgressions in the Late Pleistocene, and the Tianjin transgression in the Holocene. In the Yangtze River Delta region the Rugao and Zhoupu transgressions occurred in the Early Pleistocene, the Shanghai, Jiading, and Wangdian transgressions in the Middle Pleistocene, the Jiangyin and Ge Hu transgressions in the Late Pleistocene, and the Zhenjiang transgression in the Holocene. In the coastal plain (bedrock coast) areas of North China, the Cangzhou transgression was recorded in the Late Pleistocene and the Tianjin transgression in the Holocene, whereas in South China the Fuzhou transgression took place in the Late Pleistocene and the Changle transgression in the Holocene. The transgressions correspond to warm periods and regressions to cold periods. The younger transgressions were not only of shorter duration, but also of larger magnitude. These findings point to the existence of four flood event strata since the Middle Pleistocene: two in the late Middle Pleistocene and another two in the Late Pleistocene.

关键词： Quaternary marine transgressions palaeoclimate eastern China

Low-frequency variability of the North Equatorial Current bifurcation in the past 40 years from SODA

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2011年第3期30卷 14-19页

作者： MENG Qingji WANG Fan LIU Na Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves （KLOCAW） Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao 266071 China Graduate School of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100039 China National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center Beijing 100081 China

The low-frequency variability of the North Equatorial Current （NEC） bifurcation during 1958 to 2001 was investigated with the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation （SODA） 2.0.2 dataset. In agreement with recent observations, the NEC bifurcation latitude （NBL） shifted northward as depth increases, from about 12.7°N near the surface to about 17.1°N at depths around 500 m for the annual average. This study reveals that the interannual variations of NBL, with five years period, mainly focused on the upper 500 m with amplitude increasing as depth increased. The NBL shifted southward in the past 40 years, which was more significant in the subsurface at more than -0.02°/a. The NBL manifests itself in the transports of NMK （NEC-Mindanao Current （MC）-Kuroshio） system in strong relationship with MC （0.7） and Kuroshio （-0.7）. The EOF analysis of meridional velocity off the Philippine coast shows that the first mode, explaining 62% of variance and 5 years period, was highly correlated with the southward shift of NBL with coefficient at about 0.75. The southward shift of NBL consists with the weakening of MC and strengthening of Kuroshio, which exhibited linear trends at -0.24Sv/a and 0.11Sv/a. Both interannual variation and trend of NBL were closely related to the variation of NMK system.

关键词： North Equatorial Current bifurcation latitude interannual variation linear trend NEC-Mindanao Current-Kuroshio system

Mineral provinces and material provenance of the surficial sediments near the Zhongsha Islands in the South China Sea

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2007年第1期26卷 66-76页

作者： YAN Quanshu1, 2, 3. SHI Xuefa2*, WANG Kunshan21. institute of oceanology, chinese academy of sciences,{3., China2. Key Laboratory of Marine Sedimentology and Environment Geology of State Oceanic Administration, First institute of Oceanograghy, State Oceanic Administration, qingdao 266061, China3. Graduate School, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100049, China institute of oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao 266071 China

Characteristics and distribution patterns of clastic minerals (0.063.0.125 mm) in bottom sediments represent a significant indicator for the identification of the origin of sediment. One hundred and fourteen surface sediment samples, which were collected from the area near the Zhongsha Islands in the South China Sea, were analysed to identify the mineral suites and their distributions in the study area. The area can be divided into three mineral provinces: (Ⅰ) a province of biogenic minerals, which mainly originate from the Zhongsha Atoll; (Ⅱ) a province of volcanogenic minerals, which are mainly derived from local basaltic seamounts and small-scale volcanoes that are probably erupting, with some influences from the island-arc volcanic region around the South China Sea; and (Ⅲ) a mixed mineral province whose material source includes biogenic minerals, volcanogenic minerals and terrigenous minerals; the last province can be subdivided into a mixed mineral sub-province of the northeastern part of the study area, in which terrigenous minerals are mainly derived from China’s Mainland and do not exceed 17°N, and a mixed mineral sub-province of the southeastern part of the study area, in which terrigenous minerals are derived from Kalimantan and Indochina Peninsula and might be further transported into the deep sea basin through submarine canyons.

关键词： South China Sea Zhongsha Islands light mineral minerals province material provenance

The effect of wave-induced radiation stress on storm surge during Typhoon Saomai(2006)

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2011年第3期30卷 20-26页

作者： FENG Xingru YIN Baoshu YANG Dezhou WILLIAM Perrie institute of oceanology China Academy of Sciences Qingdao 266071 China Graduate School Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Wave Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao 266071 China Fisheries and Oceans Canada Bedford Institute of Oceanography Dartmouth Nova Scotia Canada

The effects of wave-induced radiation stress on storm surge were simulated during Typhoon Saomai using a wave-current coupled model based on ROMS （Regional Ocean Modeling System） ocean model and SWAN （Simulating Waves Nearshore） wave model. The results show that radiation stress can cause both set-up and set-down in the storm surge. Wave-induced set-up near the coast can be explained by decreasing significant wave heights as the waves propagate shoreward in an approximately uniform direction; wave-induced set-down far from the coast can be explained by the waves propagating in an approximately uniform direction with increasing significant wave heights. The shoreward radiation stress is the essential reason for the wave-induced set-up along the coast. The occurrence of set-down can be also explained by the divergence of the radiation stress. The maximum wave-induced set-up occurs on the right side of the Typhoon path, whereas the maximum wave induced set-down occurs on the left side.

关键词： radiation stress storm surge wave-current interactions Typhoon Saomai

Effects of artificial regulations of rotifers n-3.HUFA content on the growth and survival of larval black sea bream ( Sparus macrocephalus)

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chinese Science Bulletin 1997年第13期42卷 1130-1132页

作者： LIU Jingke and LEI Jilin1. institute of oceanology, chinese academy of sciences,{3., China 2 Yellow Sea Fishery Research institute qingdao 266003. China institute of oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao 266071 China

STUDIES on the nutrition requirement of larval fish have made some progress abroad, but therehave been no reports on such studies in China. It was determined recently that n-3.HUFA (es-pecially 22: 6(n-3. (DHA) and 20:5 (n-3. (EPA)) is essential for larval seafish growth. Thehigh content of DHA in seafish eggs and the low content of DHA in rotifers show that rotifersas live food cannot satisfy the n-3.HUFA requirement of larval seafish. Some scientists ob-

关键词： rotifer (Brachionus phicatilis) highly unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA) larval black sea bream.