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贵州省低纬山地气候变化趋势

山地学报 2003年第4期21卷 422-427页

作者：吉廷艳贵州省气象局贵州贵阳550002

对贵州气温、降水、灾害指数等要素的气候变化分析表明:20世纪40年代前后贵州处于一个相对温暖时期(这一时期也是北半球大陆气温自1930～1960年代初的明显暖期中),1960～1970年代是一个相对较冷时段,但趋势变化曲线反应出贵州气温呈下... 详细信息

对贵州气温、降水、灾害指数等要素的气候变化分析表明:20世纪40年代前后贵州处于一个相对温暖时期(这一时期也是北半球大陆气温自1930～1960年代初的明显暖期中),1960～1970年代是一个相对较冷时段,但趋势变化曲线反应出贵州气温呈下降趋势(与全球气候变暖趋势相反),主要表现在春季和夏季变冷明显,秋季和冬季略有变暖;贵州降水趋于减少,主要反应为春季减少较为明显,夏、秋季变化不大,冬季呈增加趋势;各种灾害指数的趋势变化中,春季的倒春寒、夏季的洪涝趋于偏重,秋季的绵雨、冬季的低温和凝冻趋于偏轻,而春旱、夏旱和秋风变化不明显,但春旱存在明显的周期性变化特征;旱涝指数的小波分析指出贵州旱涝有两个比较明显的全域性周期变化,分别是32a和10a周期。

关键词：低纬山地气候变化灾害指数

GIS-based Risk Zonation of Rainstorm Disaster in guizhou Province

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meteorological and Environmental Research 2011年第4期2卷 60-64页

作者： CHEN Zhen-hong1, YANG Yi2, LIU Fang3, 4, WANG Xing-ju1 1. Anshun meteorological Bureau in guizhou Province, Anshun 561000, china 2. Lingping County meteorological Bureau in guizhou Province, Lingping 5573001, china 3. Geographic Science and Resources Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, china 4. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, china

[Objective] This paper aimed to study the risk zoning of rainstorm in guizhou based on GIS. [Method] Taking guizhou as study area, 1 km×1 km grid data as evaluation unit, and by dint of daily precipitation in meteorological station in guizhou from 1961 to 2008, the rainstorm risk zoning system was constructed from the aspects of disaster-stricken dangers, suffering flexibility, disaster environment sensitivity and disaster prevention or mitigation; based on the level analysis method to determine factor weight, the risk assessment model based on GIS was set up to evaluate the four sub-indicators and risks and to get the rainstorm disaster in guizhou in the end. [Result] The risk assessment and zonation results showed a general trend that the risk level decreased from the central to all around. The low risk area distributed in the northwest of guizhou province because of less heavy rains and high capacity of rainstorm disaster resistant, while high risk area mainly distributed in the west-central of guizhou due to concentration rainstorms, large terrain undulation and low coverage rate of forest. Especially, according to Anshun, the high risk area took up 98.02% of the city, and the Gangwu County, where a super-large geological disaster concurred in 2010 is located at the high risk area, which showed that the risk assessment coincided with the actual situation. [Conclusion] The study provided theoretical basis for the macro disaster prevention and disaster mitigation plan.

关键词： Rainstorm disaster Risk assessment and zonation AHP GIS guizhou china

Formation Reason Analysis and Defense Countermeasure of Rare Frozen Disaster in guizhou in 2008

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meteorological and Environmental Research 2011年第3期2卷 57-60,64页

作者： HUANG Tian-fu1,LIU Peng1,YUAN Hui1,KANG An-na2 1.Liupanshui meteorological observatory in guizhou Province,Liupanshui 553001,china 2.Library of Liupanshui Normal College,Liupanshui 553004,china

[Objective] The research aimed to discuss the formation reason of low temperature and frozen disaster weather event in guizhou in 2008.[Method] By using T213,ECMWF numerical forecast data and the conventional meteorological observation data which were provided by MICAPS,according to the variation situations of frozen rain,freezing,road freezing and ground surface 0 ℃ line range,the weather situation evolution characteristic of low temperature and frozen weather process (congelation for short) in guizhou from January 13 to February 15,2008 was *** formation reason of low temperature and frozen disaster weather event in guizhou was discussed,and the defense countermeasure was put forward.[Result] The low temperature and frozen weather process happened when the continuous precipitation was caused by that every scale weather system intersected in guizhou under the abnormal atmospheric circulation *** Asian inverted Ω flow type in the northern hemisphere made that the atmospheric circulation stabilized for a long time,and the north branch frontal zone was by *** polar cold air continued to complement and went south to affect Jiangnan,South *** south branch westerly fluctuation was active,and the frontal zone intensity of stationary front was big,which maintained for a long time.850 hPa shear line in the low level maintained to swing in the junction of Guangxi and guizhou,*** southwest warm and wet airflow continued transporting to the south of *** cold and warm air intersected in South china,which caused the long-time precipitation in *** thermal inversion layer was deep and *** long-time precipitation based generally on the light *** was easy to form the supercooled water *** verglas range expanded from guizhou,the south of Hunan to the north of *** frozen rain and frozen weather caused the long-time road and wire *** disaster was *** ground surface temperature 0 ℃ line cover

关键词： Frozen disaster Formation reason analysis Disaster defense guizhou china

Current Status and Control Measures of Ecological Restoration in Karst Rocky Desertification Area of guizhou

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meteorological and Environmental Research 2011年第5期2卷 61-64页

作者： LIU Jian-zhong1,GUO Ying1,WANG Liu-ping1,HAN De-jun2 1.guizhou Institute of Forestry Survey and Planning,guiyang 550003,china 2.College of Resources and Environment,guizhou College of Finance & Economics,guiyang 550004,china

[Objective] The aim was to analyze the current status and control measures of ecological restoration in Karst rocky desertification area of guizhou.[Method] The current status and existing problems of ecological restoration in Karst rocky desertification area of guizhou were studied firstly,and main control measures were put forward according to existing problems.[Result] At present,Karst rocky desertification area in guizhou has suitable ecological environment,obvious control results and rich control experience,and there exist many problems like ambiguous concept of ecological restoration,biased control emphasis,single control measure and serious water shortage due to lagging engineering *** measures mainly include combining natural restoration with artificial tending to speed up ecological restoration,reinforcing the restoration and rebuilding of development and construction project to prevent the deterioration of regional ecological environment,speeding up the construction of environmental friendly energy infrastructures to decrease the damage of vegetation by human activities,increasing industrial structure adjustment and greatly developing green industry and improving the investment in technological innovation to promote the rapid development of ecological restoration.[Conclusion] The study could provide scientific references for the ecological restoration in other Karst rocky desertification area in Southwest china.

关键词： Karst Desertification Ecological restoration Control measures china

Study on the Relationship between Chlorophyll-a and Environmental Impact Factors in Deep Reservoir in Karst Areas——Taking Aha Reservoir for Example

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meteorological and Environmental Research 2011年第3期2卷 49-52页

作者： XIA Pin-hua,LIN Tao,LI Cun-xiong,XUE Fei,ZHANG Bang-xi Key Laboratory of Mountainous Environmental Information System and Ecological Environment Protection in guizhou Province,guizhou Normal University,guiyang 550001,china

[Objective] The aim was to study the relationship between chlorophyll-a and environmental impact factors in deep reservoir in Karst Areas.[Method] Taking Aha Reservoir for example,the changes of chlorophyll-a content and its relationship with environmental impact factors were researched,and the water quality of Aha Reservoir was assessed by means of modified Carlson trophic state index.[Result] Chlorophyll-a content in Aha Reservoir was higher in March,April,May and September and lower from June to August,and there was obvious seasonal variation,namely its variation trend was spring>summer>autumn>*** addition,chlorophyll-a content showed extremely significant correlation with transparency and dissolved oxygen (P<0.01) and significant correlation with ammonia nitrogen (P<0.05).Meanwhile,trophic state index was higher in whole year in Aha Reservoir which was in moderate trophic state in August,October and November and eutrophic state in other months.[Conclusion] The study could provide scientific reference for discussing the mechanism of lake eutrophication.

关键词： Aha Reservoir Chlorophyll-a Environmental factors Trophic state index china

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MgO微膨胀混凝土拱坝裂缝的非线性模拟

水力发电学报 2004年第3期23卷 51-55页

作者：张国新杨波申献平朱伯芳赵其兴中国水利水电科学研究院北京100038 贵州省水利水电勘测设计研究院贵阳550002

沙老河拱坝利用MgO混凝土的微膨胀性 ,不分横缝 ,不做温控 ,整体浇筑而成 ,在拱坝完工的当年冬季和次年冬季 ,坝体出现了多条裂缝。本文利用水科院提出的MgO混凝土膨胀模型及开发的SAPTIS程序 ,采用实际的施工资料、材料参数及气象条件 ... 详细信息

沙老河拱坝利用MgO混凝土的微膨胀性 ,不分横缝 ,不做温控 ,整体浇筑而成 ,在拱坝完工的当年冬季和次年冬季 ,坝体出现了多条裂缝。本文利用水科院提出的MgO混凝土膨胀模型及开发的SAPTIS程序 ,采用实际的施工资料、材料参数及气象条件 ,对坝体的温度场、应力场及裂缝开裂过程进行了仿真计算分析 ,并对裂缝产生的原因进行了研究 ,结果表明 ,数值模拟的裂缝开裂状况与实际观测结果相吻合。

关键词：拱坝裂缝非线性分析微膨胀混凝土

meteorological EFFECTS OF THE FEBRUARY 16,1980 SOLAR ECLIPSE

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1982年第4期27卷 411-415页

作者：陆龙骅 Academy of meteorological Science Central Meteorological Bureau of China

A total solar eclipse occurred on February 16, 1980. The span of this total eclipse extended from the eastern Atlantic Ocean through South Africa, the northern Indian Ocean, India and Burma to the Yunnan-guizhou Plateau in china. The solar eclipse of local apparent noon occurred at 0°42′N, 48°35′E. In china, the condition of observing the eclipse was the very best in Ruili region where the eclipse began at 17: 27 (Beijing time), the middle of eclipse being 18: 32 (the degree of obseuration 1.03) and the last contact 19: 31 (after sunset).

关键词： Plateau Atlantic Indian Burma Africa eastern apparent SOLAR meteorological latitude

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贵州县域自然条件比较分析

山地农业生物学报 2004年第4期23卷 343-347页

作者：刘群杨晓英贵州师范大学数学与计算机科学学院贵州贵阳550001 贵州师范大学地理与生物科学学院贵州贵阳550001

为因地制宜发展农业生产、协调区域发展和进行宏观决策提供自然条件依据,对贵州省87个县级区域的8个自然因素进行比较排序,所得结果证实,自然条件较优的多数县域较集中分布于贵阳、遵义和安顺3个市的中心区附近,位于贵州高原主体部分,... 详细信息

为因地制宜发展农业生产、协调区域发展和进行宏观决策提供自然条件依据,对贵州省87个县级区域的8个自然因素进行比较排序,所得结果证实,自然条件较优的多数县域较集中分布于贵阳、遵义和安顺3个市的中心区附近,位于贵州高原主体部分,与全省综合农业区划所指出的"黔中区"相一致。而自然条件较差的县域一般分散分布于周边的乌蒙山、北盘江下游与红水河流域、雷公山与月亮山、武陵山、大娄山等山区。说明贫困山区分布较广,贫困面较大。

关键词：贵州自然条件层次分析法判断矩阵县域贫困山区农业生产

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赤水林区气候特征

山地农业生物学报 1999年第2期18卷 68-73页

作者：穆彪张宗兰刘宗富贵州大学基础部赤水市气象局

经短期驻点观测和资料订正得到：该区年日照时数９４８５～１２９２５ｈ，年日照百分率为１９％～２９％；太阳辐射年总量在３７８４～３８６２ＭＪ／ｍ２之间，为贵州乃至全国最低值区之一；年平均气温为１１３～１８１℃；≥... 详细信息

经短期驻点观测和资料订正得到：该区年日照时数９４８５～１２９２５ｈ，年日照百分率为１９％～２９％；太阳辐射年总量在３７８４～３８６２ＭＪ／ｍ２之间，为贵州乃至全国最低值区之一；年平均气温为１１３～１８１℃；≥１０℃积温日数在１８７～２８７９ｄ；≥１０℃积温在３４６２～５８８８３℃－ｄ之间；年降水量为８００～１７００ｍｍ；其降水量趋势为：自西北部向东南部减少，自中部山梁向东北和西南减少。垂直气候带为近似南亚热带、中亚热带和北亚热带湿润季风气候，其分界在６００ｍ以下、６００～１２００ｍ、１２００ｍ以上。

关键词：太阳辐射气温降水量赤水林区气候特征