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Mechanism for calcite dissolution and its contribution to development of reservoir porosity and permeability in the Kela 2 gas field,Tarim Basin,china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第4期51卷 567-578页

作者： YU BingSong1,3, DONG HailLiang2,3 & RUAN Zhuang1,3 1 State Key laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, china university of geosciences, beijing 100083. china 2 Department of Geology, Miami university,Oxford, OH 45056, USA 3.geomicrobiology laboratory, china university of geosciences, beijing, 100083. china State Key laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources China University of Geosciences Beijing China geomicrobiology laboratory China University of Geosciences Beijing China Department of Geology Miami University Oxford USA

This study is undertaken to understand how calcite precipitation and dissolution contributes to depth-related changes in porosity and permeability of gas-bearing sandstone reservoirs in the Kela 2 gas field of the Tarim Basin, Northwestern china. Sandstone samples and pore water samples are col-lected from well KL201 in the Tarim Basin. Vertical profiles of porosity, permeability, pore water chem-istry, and the relative volume abundance of calcite/dolomite are constructed from 3600 to 4000 m below the ground surface within major oil and gas reservoir rocks. Porosity and permeability values are in-versely correlated with the calcite abundance, indicating that calcite dissolution and precipitation may be controlling porosity and permeability of the reservoir rocks. Pore water chemistry exhibits a sys-tematic variation from the Na2SO4 type at the shallow depth (3600-3630 m), to the NaHCO3 type at the intermediate depth (3630―3695 m),and to the CaCl2 type at the greater depth (3728―3938 m). The geochemical factors that control the calcite solubility include pH, temperature, pressure, Ca2+ concen-tration, the total inorganic carbon concentration (ΣCO2), and the type of pore water. Thermodynamic phase equilibrium and mass conservation laws are applied to calculate the calcite saturation state as a function of a few key parameters. The model calculation illustrates that the calcite solubility is strongly dependent on the chemical composition of pore water, mainly the concentration difference between the total dissolved inorganic carbon and dissolved calcium concentration (i.e., [ΣCO2] -[Ca2+]). In the Na2SO4 water at the shallow depth, this index is close to 0, pore water is near the calcite solubility. Calcite does not dissolve or precipitate in significant quantities. In the NaHCO3 water at the intermedi-ate depth, this index is greater than 0, and pore water is supersaturated with respect to calcite. Massive calcite precipitation was observed at this depth interval and

关键词： calcite dissolution porosity thermodynamic Tarim Basin

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The equilibrium between diagenetic calcites and dolomites and its impact on reservoir quality in the sandstone reservoir of Kela 2 gas field

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2007年第9期17卷 1051-1058页

作者： Gao Zhiqian1,Yu Bingsong2,3 and Lai Xingyun2,3(1.School of Energy Resources,china university of geosciences,beijing 100083.china 2.State Key laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,china university of geosciences,beijing 100083.china 3.Ministry of Education Key laboratory of Lithosphere Structure,Deep Processes and Exploration Technique,china university of geosciences,beijing 100083.china) School of Energy Resources China University of Geosciences Beijing 100083 China State Key laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources China University of Geosciences Beijing 100083 China Ministry of Education Key laboratory of Lithosphere Structure Deep Processes and Exploration Technique China University of Geosciences Beijing 100083 China

Based on the equilibrium theory of chemical reactions between water and rocks,this paper establishes a thermodynamic phase relationship diagram among calcites,dolomites and water solution under the condition of diagenesis based on the thermodynamic database of related minerals and fluids and dolomite's degree of order *** has been discovered that the equilibrium between calcites and dolomites in the diagenetic environment is strongly impacted by temperature and the Ca/Mg ratios in groundwater,and that the dolomite's degree of order in the diagenetic environment is a function of crystallization temperature and time,not controlled by water ***,the authors make a further analysis of the close relationship of chemical reaction between carbonate cements and pore water in the sandstone reservoirs of Kala 2 gas field in Kuche *** can be seen that there are different impacts on sandstone reservoir quality among the equilibrium system of calcites,dolomites and pore water at different depths of reservoirs.

关键词： diagenesis equilibrium between calcites and dolomites secondary pores Kela 2 gas field

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The Thermal Structure of the Upper Mantle in Eastern china——Inferred from the Petrological Model

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 1991年第2期65卷 195-201页

作者： Deng Jinfu and Zhao Hailing china university of geosciences, beijing 100083. china china university of geosciences Beijing 100083 China

Cenozoic basalt in eastern china contains abundant ultramafic xenoliths which are specimens of pyrolitesreleased during basaltic magma eruption. A total of 405 P-T data of pyroxene in the ultramafic rocks have beencollected, which present a more precise pyroxene geotherm. The average geothermal gradient in the upper man-tle represented by the pyroxene geotherm is about 3.3℃ / km, which is much less than that derived from theconductive thermal model (≈14℃ / km), implying the great significance of convective heat transfer. The calcu-lation shows that the contributions of convective and conductive heat transfers are 79% and 21%, *** perturbation in the thermal structure of the upper mantle is an important manifestation of thetectonothermal event of Cenozoic continental rifting and intense basaltic volcanism in eastern china. Based onthe pyroxene geotherm and its comparison with the current geothermal field derived from the measurements ofthe surface heat flows, it is suggested that the Moho may be a secondary thermal boundary. The currentgeothermal field and the thermal structure of the lithosphere in eastern china may mainly reflect the result ofthe tectonothermal disturbance in the Neogene-Quaternary, in other words, the lithosphere has just begun toCool.

关键词： The Thermal Structure of the Upper Mantle in Eastern china

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Identifying rock blocks based on hierarchical rock-mass structure model

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Science china Earth Sciences 2009年第10期52卷 1612-1623页

作者： XU NengXiong School of Engineering and Technology, china university of geosciences, beijing 100083. china School of Engineering and Technology China University of Geosciences Beijing China

Rock-masses are divided into many closed blocks by deterministic and stochastic discontinuities and engineering interfaces in complex rock-mass engineering. Determining the sizes, shapes, and adjacent relations of blocks is important for stability analysis of fractured rock masses. Here we propose an algorithm for identifying spatial blocks based on a hierarchical 3D Rock-mass Structure Model (RSM). First, a model is built composed of deterministic discontinuities, engineering interfaces, and the earth's surface, and the deterministic blocks surrounded by these interfaces are traced. Then, in each deter-ministic block, a network model of stochastic discontinuities is built and the stochastic blocks are traced. Building a unitary wire frame that connects all interfaces seamlessly is the key for our algorithm to identify the above two kinds of blocks. Using this algorithm, geometric models can be built for block theory, discrete element method, and discontinuous deformation analysis.

关键词： rock-mass engineering discontinuity block identification 3D Rock-mass Structure Model network model of stochastic discontinuities

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Origin,evolution and extinction of Cathaysia flora

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1999年第2期44卷 100-108页

作者： SUN Keqinchina university of geosciences, beijing 100083. china china university of geosciences Beijing China

Recent research results showed that the Cathaysia flora originated and developed from the global uniform Lepidodendropsis flora of the Early Carboniferous, which had already become an independent flora in the early Late Carboniferous (Namurian B to C). The center of origin of the Cathaysia flora is restricted to the North china Plate. On the basis of the successional characteristics of the Cathaysia flora in different geological ages, it may be divided into seven evolutionary stages. The evolutionary trend of the Cathaysia flora, as a whole, was characterized by the gradual increase of the typical Cathaysian elements in the sequence from the early Late Carboniferous to the early Late Permian, which began to decline during the late Late Permian. The climatic differentiation, tectonic movement,oceanic circulation, palaeogeographical environment, extraterrestrial event and plant evolution caused the mass extinction of the Cathaysia flora on a large scale by the end of the Permian.

关键词： Asia Cathaysia flora origin evolution extinction Late Carboniferous Permian.

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Oxfordian (Jurassic) mayaitid (ammonite) dispersal in the Tibetan Himalaya as the first signal of the establishment of the Indo-Austrai subrealm

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2003年第4期13卷 44-49页

作者： YIN Jiarun(china university of geosciences, beijing 100083. china) china Univ Geosci Beijing 100083 Peoples R China

New fossil collections in the Lanongla area, Tibetan Himalaya enables the establishment of the Upper Jurassic ammonoidsuccession. Middle Oxfordian ammonite-fauna is characterized by endemic epimayaittds with a marine deepening event, suggesling a high stand of sea Ievel in the Tibetan Himalaya. Distribution of mayaitids around the Eastern Gondwana can be regarded as the first signal of the Indo-AustraI Subrealm that was progressively established during the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous times.

关键词： Jurassic Oxfordian ammonites Tibetan Himalaya Indo-Austral Subrealm.

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Characteristics of Ore-Forming Fluids of Gold Deposits in Daqingshan District,Inner Mongolia,china

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 1999年第2期13卷 77-82页

作者： Jiuhua Xu YulingXie Dayi Qian Rufu Dine Jianping Li (Resource Engineering School, university of Science and Technology Beijha beijing 100083. china) (china university of geosciences, beijing 100083. china) Resource Engineering School University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China china university of geosciences Beijing 100083 China

***-weststrikingductileshearzonewithinagreelt,***:(1)pyrite-quartz,(2)quartz-Pyrite,(3)polymetallicsulfidesand(4)***-bearingveinsarenativegold,electrum,pyrite,chalcopyriteandgalena,buttheganguemineralsaremainlyquartz,secondarilysericite,***,silicification,***-formingfluidswerelowinsalinitieandhighinCO2content,MeasuredδDoffluidinclusionsinquartzfromtheoreveinsrangesfrom-65‰to-104‰,butδ18Oquartzfrom10.0‰to12.8‰.Thesedatashowthatthewaterinhydrothermalfluidprecipitatingtheorebodiescouldhavebeenmainlymagmaticwaterandmetamorphicwaterbutlocalmeteoricwatermighttakepartinthelatemineralization.δ13Cfromfl

关键词： fluid inclusions isotope composition gold deposit Daqingshan area

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A new breakthrough in the tectonic studies of South china

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1999年第1期44卷 23-25页

作者： MA wenpuchina university of geosciences, beijing 100083. china china university of geosciences Beijing China

SOUTH china comprises geologically the Yangtze, Cathaysia Block and the collisional orogenic belt between them. Traditionally, it was considered as a post-Caledonian platform after these two blocks collided and became united since Late Paleozoic. According to the similarity of tectonic patterns of Alps and Appalachian with South china, Hsu et al. proposed different opinions from the early 1980s, in which the title of the article: 'Huanan Alps not South china Platform' clearly declared their viewpoints. After more than a decade’s practice, some important advances concerning the nature of South china during Late Paleozoic have been acquired, mainly including: based on the facts that the duration of late Devonian to late Permian thin dark chert and siliceous rock sequence in Guangxi are rather long whereas it is a little thick,associated with Mn, Ni and Co-bearing deposit but absent in terrigenous sediments, the containing radiolaria is of open sea type, could be extensive correlation and not endemic

关键词： South china Babu ophiolite Turkic type orogen.

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A New Three-Dimensional Superstructure in Bafertisite

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2011年第5期85卷 1028-1035页

作者： LI Guowu~*,XIONG Ming,SHI Nicheng and MA Zhesheng Crystal structure laboratory,National laboratory of Mineral Materials,china university of geosciences (beijing),beijing 100083.china Crystal structure laboratory National Laboratory of Mineral Materials China University of Geosciences (Beijing) Beijing 100083 China

A new superstructure was found in bafertisite[(Ba;Na;);(Fe;Mn;Mg;);TiO [(Si;Ti;Al;Cr;);O;](OH;F;Cl;);]from Donghai County,Jiangsu Province,*** occurrence of the superstructure reflections were observed by single crystal diffraction using a SMAR APEX *** a;,b;and c;axis directions revealed extra weak reflection spots of the *** apparent 2a,2b and 2c superstructure is monoclinic with unit cell a=10.6502（15） A,b= 13.7233（19）A,c=21.6897（3）A,α=90°,β=94.698（3）°,γ=90°,space group Cm,Z=*** c;extra weak reflections are ignored,the secondary supercell gave a cell a=10.6548（15）A,b=13.7284（19）A,c = 11.6900（17）A,α=90°,β=112.322（28）°,γ=90°,space group Cm,Z=*** basic subcell was obtained by ignoring all extra weak reflection spots and gave:a=5.3249（17）A,b=6.8669（22）A,c=10.8709（36） A,α=90°,β=94.740（62）°,γ=90°,space P2;/m,Z=*** superstructure has been refined to R = 0.063 for 7805[R;= 0.0266]unique reflections I>2δ（I）.The structure consists of an octahedra（O） sheet sandwiched between two heteropolyhedral（H） *** sheets consist of Ti-octahedra and twin tetrahedral disilicate groups[Si;O;].The O sheet comprises（Fe,Mg）O;*** large Ba cation is located in the interlayer *** refined structure shows Fe,Mg are partly *** shifting of the TiO;octahedron and SiO;tetrahedron sites in the sheet may be a consequence of the superstructure.

关键词： bafertisite superstructure crystal structure layered titanium silicate

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Metallogenic epoch and genesis of the gold deposits in Jiaodong Peninsula, Eastern china: a regional review

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2007年第2期17卷 138-143页

作者： YANG Liqiang, DENG Jun, GE Liangsheng, WANG Qingfei, ZHANG Jing, GAO Bangfei, JIANG Shaoqing and XU Hao ( State Key laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, china university of geosciences, beijing 100083. china Key laboratory of Lithosphere Tectonics and Lithoprobing Technology of Ministry of Education, china university of geosciences, beijing 100083. china) State Key laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources China University of Geosciences Beijing 100083 China Key laboratory of Lithosphere Tectonics and Lithoprobing Technology MOE China University of Geosciences Beijing 100083 China

Gold deposits are characterized by multi-sources, superimposition, large scale and temporal-spatial concentration in Jiaodong Peninsula, Eastern china. In this paper, we review the history and the development of the study on metallogenic chronology and genesis of gold deposits, summarize the main features of superimposed metallogenesis, provide evidence of the Mesozoic complex metallogenic system, and point out some problems for further research of Jiaodong gold deposit cluster from a regional view. Although gold deposits are different in genetic types, ore-forming materials and geological settings, our research indicates that the accumulation and emplacement of the ore-forming materials are temporally-spatially concentrated on a large scale, and the main metallogenic epoch of Jiaodong gold deposits was concentrated in Mesozoic. Metallogenic chronology and geological-geochemical data indicate that there are two periods of gold mineralizations occurred in 130-110 Ma and 90-80 Ma respectively in Jiaodong ore cluster. The gold deposit cluster results from the superimposition of the polygenetic mineralization, and further study is needed to investigate the formation and evolution of the Mesozoic complex metallogenic system.

关键词： superimposed metallogenic system Mesozoic Jiaodong ore cluster.

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