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QTL Analysis for Traits Associated with Feeding Value of Straw in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Rice science 2008年第3期15卷 195-200页

作者： DONG Chen-fei CAI Qing-sheng WANG Cai-lin Jiro HARADA Keisuke NEMOTO SHEN Yi-xin college of Animal science and Technology Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 China college of Life sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 China Institute of Food Crops Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences Nanjing 210014 China college of Agriculture Osaka Prefecture University Osaka 599-8531 Japan Asian Natural environmental science Center University of Tokyo Tokyo 113-8657 Japan

Genetic improvement of the digestibility of rice straw for increasing the utilization of the whole rice plant as feedstuffs is an important way to solve the feedstuffs shortage in southeastern China. To elucidate the genetic basis of the traits affecting the digestibility of rice straw, a rice population of 111 recombinant inbred lines （RILs） derived from a cross of Nekken 2xGaya was used to map the quantitative traits loci （QTLs） for in vitro dry matter digestion （IVDMD）, the percentages of nonstructural carbohydrate （NSC） and acid detergent fiber （exclusive of residual ash, ADFom） in 2005 and 2006. IVDMD was positively correlated with NSC, and negatively correlated with ADFom. A total of 16 QTLs were detected in the two years, and the amounts of variation explained by individual QTLs ranged from 6.9% to 15.5%. Some QTLs for IVDMD and ADFom on chromosome 2 were detected in the two years. On chromosome 2, the interval RM475-RM3.15 contained QTLs for IVDMD in the two years and for NSC in 2006 only, while the interval RM3.74-RM53.5 influenced ADFom in the two years and NSC in 2005 only. At those loci, Gaya contributed favorable alleles to IVDMD and NSC, while Nekken 2 contributed positive alleles to ADFom.

关键词： acid detergent fiber in vitro dry matter digestion nonstructural carbohydrate quantitative trait locus rice straw feeding value

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A distributed hydrological model with its application to the Jinghe watershed in the Yellow River Basin

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science China(Technological sciences) 2004年第z1期47卷 60-71页

作者： WANG Zhonggen1, ZHENG Hongxing1, LIU Changming1, , WU Xianfeng2 2 & ZHAO Weimin3.1. Key Laboratory of Water Cycle & Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic science and Natural resources Research, Chinese Academy of sciences, Beijing 100101, China 2. Institute of{3. science, Beijing Normal university, Beijing 100875, China 3. Water resources Conservation Committee of Yellow River, Zhengzhou 450003. China Chinese Acad Sci Key Lab Water Cycle & Related Land Surface Proc Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res Beijing 100101 Peoples R China Beijing Normal Univ Inst Environm Sci Beijing 100875 Peoples R China Water resources Conservat Comm Yellow River Zhengzhou 450003 Peoples R China

For the purpose of water resources management in the Yellow River Basin with highly spatial difference, a daily distributed hydrological model was proposed, of which the determination of spatially-distributed parameters and model inputs processing were performed by means of GIS/RS. In the model, the computation of runoff yield was based on the topography index method and flow routing was modeled by Maskingum method. The operation of the model is followed by means of “command structure” technique based upon the topography of river network. A case study using the model was conducted for the Jinghe watershed, which locates at the middle Yellow River Basin. The simulation of the hydrological processes in 1996 has shown that water quantity balance errors were less than 5% and the Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient arrived at 0.7, indicating that the model structure is justifiable, and the precision of the model can satisfy the purpose of water resources management.

关键词： distributed hydrological model, structure and equation, GIS and RS, Jinghe Basin, Yellow River Basin.

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Anatomical variations of living and fossil Liquidambar leaves:A proxy for paleoenvironmental reconstruction

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science China Earth sciences 2011年第4期54卷 493-508页

作者： XIAO Liang 1,2,3.4,SUN BaiNian 1,2,,LI XiangChuan 1,REN WenXiu 1 &JIA Hui 1 1 Key Laboratory of Western China's environmental Systems of the Ministry of Education and college of Earth and Environment science,Lanzhou{3.,Lanzhou 73.000,China 2 State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy,nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology,Chinese Academy of sciences,nanjing 210008,China 3.college of Arts and sciences,Bryant{3.,Smithfield RI 02917,U.S.A. 4 Key Laboratory of Western China's Mineral resources and Geological Engineering of Ministry of Education,Chang’an{3.,Xi’an 710054,China 1. Key Laboratory of Western China’s environmental Systems of the Ministry of Education and college of Earth and Environment science Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China2. State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China3. College of Arts and Sciences Bryant University Smithfield RI 02917 USA4. Key Laboratory of Western China’s Mineral Resources and Geological Engineering of Ministry of Education Chang’an University Xi’an 710054 China

Based on living ***,we have established that such epidermal cell properties as epidermal cell circumference(Circum.) ,undulation index(UI) ,epidermal cell area(EA) on both upper and lower epidermis and the corresponding epidermal cell density(ED) ,are suitable to differentiate between sun and shade ***,stomatal properties on the lower epidermis,including stomatal length(SL) ,stomatal pore length(PL) and the corresponding stomatal density(SD) ,are reliable parameters to identify sun/shade *** this anatomical approach was applied to 18 leaf remains of *** from the Miocene Xiannanshan Formation,Zhejiang Province(eastern China) ,and the fossil leaves were sorted into two groups,namely,sun and shade *** indicates that anatomical differences between sun and shade leaves found in living species could be used for fossil ***,the variation of UI between sun and shade morphotypes is larger on the upper epidermis as compared with the lower epidermis,showing that the UI on the upper epidermis is more sensitive to environmental *** addition,anatomical features are more variable in sun leaves than in shade leaves for both modern and fossil Liquidambar,suggesting sun leaves may be more sensitive to environmental *** leaves can then be a better indicator of paleoenvironmental ***,stomatal parameters of sun morphotype should be adopted on reconstructing paleoenvironments using Liquidambar leaf *** the other hand,the three-lobed fossil *** leaf assemblage in the Xiananshan Formation is represented by an almost similar percentage of sun and shade morphotypes(56%and 44%,respectively) ,which is attributed to the short transport before *** a result,identifying sun/shade morphotypes are very useful in reconstructing paleoenvironments based on fossil leaves of Liquidambar.

关键词： Liquidambar formosana Liquidambar miosinica leaf anatomy the Miocene Xiananshan Formation sun and shade leaves

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Soil Fertility Indices of Citrus Orchard Land Along Topographic Gradients in the Three Gorges Area of China

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Pedosphere 2011年第6期21卷 782-792页

作者： WU Dian-Ming YU Yuan-Chun XIA Li-Zhong YIN Shi-Xue YANG Lin-Zhang college of Forest resources and Environment Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 （China） State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 （China） college of environmental science and Engineering Yangzhou University Yangzhou 22500g （China）

In the Three Gorges Area of China, soil erosion and the resultant non-point source pollution and ecological degradation have endangered agricultural ecosystems and fresh water reservoirs. Although efforts have been undertaken to reduce soil and water losses from slope land used for citrus production, information on the effects of management practices on soil fertility indices is either limited or nonexistent. This study was conducted to compare the effects of 10 years of various management practices, citrus intercropped with white clover (WC), citrus mulched with straw (SM), citrus intercropped with contour hedgerows (CH), citrus orchard land with impermeable membrane (IM), and citrus intercropped with wheat (Triticum aestivum) and peanut (Arachris hypogaea) (WP), as treatments on soil fertility indices with that of the conventional citrus management (CM). Results showed that the soil organic carbon, total and available nitrogen, available potassium, and water-stable aggregate (> 0.25 mm) contents at the 0–5 cm depth were higher for the WC and SM treatments than the CM treatment. There was also spatial variation in soil fertility along slopes of the WC and SM treatments. The soil total and available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and water-stable aggregate (> 0.25 mm) contents at both the 0–5 and 5–20 cm depths were higher for the CH and IM treatments than the CM treatment. The average soil available nitrogen and available potassium contents were higher for the WP treatment than the CM treatment, but the WP treatment had little effect on the soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, and water-stable aggregate (> 0.25 mm) contents. These suggested that white clover intercropping and straw mulching were the most effective approaches to improve soil fertility in citrus orchard land of the Three Gorges area.

关键词： intercropping slope land soil nutrients soil water-stable aggregates straw mulching

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MODEL OF CALCULATING WATER QUANTITY NEEDED TO DILUTE AND PURIFY POLLUTANTS IN RIVER NETWORK ANDITS APPLICATIONS

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2005年第4期17卷 418-428页

作者： WANG Chao WANG Pei-fang Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes Hohai University Nanjing 210098 China college of environmental science and Engineering Hohai University Nanjing 210098 China

Based on the analysis of dilution capacity and self-purification capacity of water body, the dilution, dispersion, entrapping and purification principles of pollutants in river system at river network area were discussed in this paper. Also, the one and two dimensional models of water quantity needed for improving water environment quality and pollutant concentrations were developed for rivers and lakes respectively. The calculation method for the quantity of water transfer was given and the forecasting evaluation of the effect of water transfer was carried out. It was took the project, water transfer from Yangtze River to improve the water quality of rivers in Zhangjiagang City, as an example, and changing principles of water quantity and quality were observed in rivers and lakes through site water transfer experiments. The theory of estimating parameters in inverse problem was used to determine parameters in water quantity and quality models. The water quantity and quality coupled models in river system were applied to calculate the minimal water transfer quantity. The theoretical and technical support for the improvement of water environmental quality in Zhangjiagang City and the project ＂water transfer form Yangtze River to Taihu Lake＂ were provided.

关键词： river network dilution purification mathematical models site observation

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Simulating Hydrologic Changes with Climate Change Scenarios in the Haihe River Basin

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Pedosphere 2005年第5期15卷 53-58页

作者： YUAN Fei 1,2, XIE Zheng-Hui1,* 2, LIU Qian1 and XIA Jun 3.1LASG, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of sciences, Beijing 100029 (China). 2 college of Water resources and Environment, Hohai{3., nanjing 210098 (China)3.Institute of Geographical science & Natural resources, Chinese Academy of sciences, Beijing 100101 (China) Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100029 （China）. 2 college of Water resources and Environment Hohai university nanjing 210098 （China）3.Institute of Geographical science & Natural resources Beijing 100101 （China）

Climate change scenarios, predicted using the regional climate modeling system of PRECIS (providing regional cli-mates for impacts studies), were used to derive three-layer variable infiltration capacity (VIC-3.) land surface model forthe simulation of hydrologic processes at a spatial resolution of 0.25° × 0.25° in the Haihe River Basin. Three climatescenarios were considered in this study: recent climate (1961-1990), future climate A2 (1991-2100) and future climateB2 (1991-2100) with A2 and B2 being two storylines of future emissions developed with the Intergovernmental Panel onClimate Change (IPCC) special report on emissions scenarios. Overall, under future climate scenarios A2 and B2, theHaihe River Basin would experience warmer climate with increased precipitation, evaporation and runoff production ascompared with recent climate, but would be still likely prone to water shortages in the period of 203.-2070. In addition,under future climate A2 and B2, an increase in runoff during the wet season was noticed, indicating a future rise in theflood occurrence possibility in the Haihe River Basin.

关键词： climate change regional climate modeling system runoff VIC-3. model

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Can Cadmium Uptake by Chinese Cabbage be Reduced After Growing Cd-Accumulating Rapeseed?

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Pedosphere 2010年第1期20卷 90-95页

作者： SU De-Chun , JIAO Wei-Ping, ZHOU Man and CHEN Xia college of resources and environmental{3.s, China agricultural university, Beijing 100193.(China) [a] college of resources and environmental{3.s China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 (China)

Rapeseed （Brassica campestris L.）, a Cd-accumulating crop, is effective in reducing plant-available Cd from soil. A pot experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that the Cd uptake by Chinese cabbage （Brassica pekinensis Rupr.） grown in rotation with rapeseed would be reduced due to the efficient removal of bioavailable Cd from soil solution by the rapeseed crops. The Cd removal by shoot for the rapeseed cultivar Zhucang Huazi ranged from 0.24% to 0.99% in natural Cd-contaminated soil （soil A） and from 0.63. to 1.23. in artificial Cd-contaminated soil （soil B） during the growth period of 4 7 weeks; whereas that for the rapeseed cultivar Chuanyou Ⅱ-93.ranged from 0.25% to 0.66% and from 0.3.% to 1.02%, respectively. Chinese cabbage grown in the pots with soil A for five weeks after harvesting rapeseed exhibited a significantly lower Cd concentration compared to that grown in the control pots （uncropped with rapeseed）. However, the rotation of rapeseed did not lower the Cd concentration of Chinese cabbage on soil B. Although an increase of Cd uptake was observed in the rapeseed cultivars with growth time, and the decrease of soil NH4OAc-extractable Cd was found only in the natural rather than artificial Cd-contaminated soil.

关键词： Cd-contaminated soil crop rotation heavy metal phytoremediation plant-available Cd

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Key technology of mine underground mobile positioning based on LiDAR and coded sequence pattern

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 2011年第S3期21卷 570-576页

作者： WANG Zhi1, 2, WU Li-xin1, 2, LI Hui-ying3.1. college of resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern university, Shenyang 110004, China 2. Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management, Ministry of Civil Affairs and Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal university, Beijing 100875, China 3. college of Computer science and Technology, Jilin university, Changchun 13.012, China [a] college of resources and Civil Engineering Northeastern University Shenyang 110004 China [b] Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management Ministry of Civil Affairs and Ministry of Education Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China [c] college of Computer science and Technology Jilin University Changchun 130012 China

Technologies of underground mobile positioning were proposed based on LiDAR data and coded sequence pattern landmarks for mine shafts and tunnels environment to meet the needs of fast and accurate positioning and navigation of equipments in the mine underground without satellite navigation signals. A coded sequence pattern was employed for automatic matching of 3. scans. The methods of SIFT feature, Otsu segmentation and fast hough transformation were described for the identification, positioning and interpretation of the coded sequence patterns, respectively. The POSIT model was presented for speeding up computation of the translation and rotation parameters of LiDAR point data, so as to achieve automatic 3. mapping of mine shafts and tunnels. The moving positioning experiment was applied to evaluating the accuracy of proposed pose estimation method from LiDAR scans and coded sequence pattern landmarks acquired in an indoor environment. The performance was evaluated using ground truth data of the indoor setting so as to measure derivations with six degrees of freedom.

关键词： LiDAR coded sequence pattern mobile positioning SLAM algorithm POSIT algorithm

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Occurrence of nitrification-denitrification and gaseous nitrogen loss process in flooded rice soil

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Progress in Natural science:Materials International 2007年第1期17卷 6-10页

作者： NI Wuzhong, LI Jianping and ZHU Zhaoliang (college of environmental and Resource sciences, Zhejiang{3., Hangzhou 3.0029, China college of Biosystems Engineering and Food science, Zhejiang{3., Hangzhou 3.0029, China Institute of Soil science, Chinese Academy of sciences, nanjing 210008, China) [a]Gllege of environmental and Resmirce sciences Zheiang University Hangzhou China [b]Gllege of Biosystems Engineering and Food science Zheiang University Hangzhou China [c]Institute of Soil science Chinese Academy of Sciences Naning China

Flooding in wetland rice fields soon after transplanting results in displacement of soil air (including O2). Thus any dissolved O2 in the pore water is consumed out by microbial respiration in a short period. Supply of O2 to the flooded rice soil is by diffusion of O2 through the standing floodwater and consumption at the soil-water interface, and by exudation of O2 by rice roots and subsequent diffusion of O2 into the rhizosphere. The greater potential consumption of O2 compared to the renewal rate results in the development of distinct soil layers: oxidized soil layers under soil-water interface and in the rhizosphere, and reduced soil layers or reduced bulk soil. Nitrification in oxidized soils and denitrification in reduced soils have been known. Currently, denitrification in oxidized soils, even in standing floodwater, has also been identified. In this article, we present a modified nitrification and denitrification occurring mechanism in flooded rice soil.

关键词： denitrification flooded rice soil gaseous nitrogen loss nitrification.

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淹水条件下水稻田中磷的淋溶研究

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土壤 2003年第6期35卷 506-509,517页

作者：谢学俭冉炜沈其荣南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院南京210095

采用地下垂直埋入钢管收集土壤淋溶液的方法,在江苏宜兴对水稻生长季节内稻田土壤中P向下迁移作了研究,重点主要集中在淋溶液中P的浓度、渗漏速度以及P的淋溶量测定几个方面.结果表明,在整个水稻生长季中淋溶液的溶解P与全P浓度均不高,... 详细信息

采用地下垂直埋入钢管收集土壤淋溶液的方法,在江苏宜兴对水稻生长季节内稻田土壤中P向下迁移作了研究,重点主要集中在淋溶液中P的浓度、渗漏速度以及P的淋溶量测定几个方面.结果表明,在整个水稻生长季中淋溶液的溶解P与全P浓度均不高,溶解P的浓度维持在0.02mg/L以下,全P的浓度则在0.03.0.08mg/L之间;土壤直渗速度为0.53.m/天;本实验方法测得的淋溶量中,整个水稻生长季在施P量为3.kg/hm2的条件下,P的淋溶量为3.77 kg/hm2,其各土壤层次中土壤表层淋溶量所占比例最大,占各层总淋溶量的3.%.

关键词：溶解P 全P 淋溶迁移

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