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The application of hyperspectral remote sensing to coast environment investigation

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2009年第2期28卷 1-13页

作者： ZHANG Liang ZHANG Bin CHEN Zhengchao ZHENG Lanfen TONG Qingxi State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science Institute of Remote Sensing Applications Chinese Academy of Science Beijing 100101 China Naval Institute of Hydrographic surveying and Charting Tianjin 300061 China Center for Earth Observation and Digital Earth Chinese Academy of Science Beijing 100190 China

Requirements for monitoring the coastal zone environment are first summarized. Then the appli- cation of hyperspectral remote sensing to coast environment investigation is introduced, such as the classification of coast beaches and bottom matter, target recognition, mine detection, oil spill identification and ocean color remote sensing. Finally, what is needed to follow on in application of hyperspectral remote sensing to coast environment is recommended.

关键词： hyperspectral remote sensing coastal zone ocean color remote sensing

Study on curved surface fitting model using GPS and leveling in local area

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 2005年第S1期15卷 148-152页

作者： GUO Jin-yun~1, CHANG Xiao-tao~2, YUE Qiang~3 (1. Department of Territory Information and surveying Engineering, Xuzhou Normal University, Xuzhou 221009, china 2. chinese academy of surveying and mapping, beijing 10003., china 3. Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266510, china) Xuzhou Normal Univ Dept Terr Informat & Surveying Engn Xuzhou 221009 Peoples R China chinese Acad surveying & mapping Beijing 100039 Peoples R China Shandong Univ Sci & Technol Qingdao 266510 Peoples R China

The height anomaly surface is fitt and the quasi-geoid can be obtained when the height anomaly is determined with the geometric analytic method. Therefore, some mathematical models to fit height anomaly surface using GPS, leveling and terrain data in a local area, including the polynomial fitting model, the multi-surface function fitting model, the motion surface fitting model and the fitting model of little flexibility deformation of thin board, are given. Then the digital characteristics are analyzed with the curved surface theory. The General curvature and the mean curvature of surface are concluded. The advantage, disadvantage and application of the above models are discussed. The effect of terrain undulation on height anomaly is considered in the surface fitting models. The practical case indicates that these models are of validity and practicability. It is concluded that the above models can give the good fitting results at the centimeter level. But the polynomial fitting model is worse than the other models.

关键词： GPS height anomaly terrain effect curve surface fitting

The retrieval of two-dimensional distribution of the earth's surface aerodynamic roughness using SAR image and TM thermal infrared image

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Science china Earth Sciences 2004年第12期47卷 1134-1146页

作者： ZHANG Renhua 1 ,WANG Jinfeng 1 ,ZHU Caiying 1,2 ,SUN Xiaomin 1 & ZHU Zhilin 1 1.Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources,chinese academy of Sciences,beijing 100101,china 2.Institute of surveying and mapping,Information Engineering University of the chinese People’s Liberation Army,Zhengzhou 450052,china 1. chinese academy of Sciences Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources 100101 Beijing China 2. Information Engineering University of the chinese People’s Liberation Army Institute of Surveying and Mapping 450052 Zhengzhou China

After having analyzed the requirement on the aerodynamic earth’s surface rough- ness in two-dimensional distribution in the research field of interaction between land surface and atmosphere, this paper presents a new way to calculate the aerodynamic roughness using the earth’s surface geometric roughness retrieved from SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) and TM thermal infrared image data. On the one hand, the SPM (Small Perturbation Model) was used as a theoretical SAR backscattering model to describe the relationship between the SAR back- scattering coefficient and the earth’s surface geometric roughness and its dielectric constant re- trieved from the physical model between the soil thermal inertia and the soil surface moisture with the simultaneous TM thermal infrared image data and the ground microclimate data. On the basis of the SAR image matching with the TM image, the non-volume scattering surface geo- metric information was obtained from the SPM model at the TM image pixel scale, and the ground pixel surface’s equivalent geometric roughness—height standard RMS (Root Mean Square) was achieved from the geometric information by the transformation of the typical to- pographic factors. The vegetation (wheat, tree) height retrieved from spectrum model was also transferred into its equivalent geometric roughness. A completely two-dimensional distribution map of the equivalent geometric roughness over the experimental area was produced by the data mosaic technique. On the other hand, according to the atmospheric eddy currents theory, the aerodynamic surface roughness was iterated out with the atmosphere stability correction method using the wind and the temperature profiles data measured at several typical fields such as bare soil field and vegetation field. After having analyzed the effect of surface equivalent geo- metric roughness together with dynamic and thermodynamic factors on the aerodynamic surface roughness within the working area, this paper first establishe

关键词： surface geometric roughness, aerodynamic surface roughness, SAR backscattering model, moisture retrieval model, roughness transformation model.

Unified representation of gravitation field in consideration of effect of ellipsoid flattening

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chinese Science Bulletin 1997年第19期42卷 1631-1636页

作者： ZHU ZhuowenLaboratory for Modern Geodynamics, Wuhan Technical University of surveying and mapping, Wuhan 430079, china Laboratory for Modern Geodynamics Wuhan Technical University of Surveying and Mapping Wuhan China

THE theory of unified representation of gravitation field proposed by the author is modelledupon spherical approximation for disturbing potential. It is a common knowledge that sphericalapproximation should lead to a result involving an innate error. This kind of error is tolerableonly for general application, an ellipsoidal correction has to be taken into account in case of de-siring for a result with higher accuracy. The purpose of this note is to try to make an

关键词： unified representation of gravitation field interior Dirichlet’ s problem of biharmonic equation for ellipsoidal domain radial shrinking mapping approximation problem anomalous density.

Characteristics of the Middle-Late Triassic sedimentary facies assemblages in the Songpan-Ruoergai area

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2007年第3期17卷 305-313页

作者： YAN Zhen, YU Liangjun, LI Jiliang, BIAN Qiantao, WANG Zongqi and YANG Yongcheng ( Institute of Geology, chinese academy of Geological Sciences, beijing 10003., china State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, chinese academy of Sciences, beijing 100029, china Shaanxi Insititute of Geology Survey, Xianyang 712000, china) [a]Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing China [b]State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China [c]Shaanxi Insititute of Geology Survey Xianyang China

The Middle-Late Triassic sedimentary rocks in the Songpan-Ruoergai area mainly consist of calcareous siltstone, muddy limestone, lithic arkose, feldspathic litharenite, mudstone, wormkalk, oolithic limestone, and conglomerate. Except for limestone bed increasing eastward longitudinally and vertically, the calcareous component of the sandstones increases obviously. Abundant benthic and plant fossils and their clasts occur within these rocks. The sedimentary structures predominately contain flaser, parallel, tabular, wavy, and herringbone cross beddings. These data coevally imply that the Middle-Late Triassic sediments deposited in the fluvial, lake and tide environments. Additionally, the rocks display graded, parallel, hummocky beddings, and sandy lamination, a feature characteristic of storm deposits.

关键词： Middle-Upper Triassic fluvial-lake environments tide environment tempestite Songpan-Ruoergai

Freshening of the intermediate water of the South china Sea between the 1960s and the 1980s

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chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2012年第6期30卷 1010-1015页

作者：刘长建王东晓陈举杜岩谢强 State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography South China Sea Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of Sciences South china Sea Marine Engineering surveying Center State Oceanic Administration Graduate University of chinese academy of Sciences Sanya Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences

Variation in intermediate water salinity in the South china Sea (SCS) between the 1960s and 1980s was studied using historical hydrographic data. The results demonstrate that the water was significantly fresher in the 1980s than in the 1960s, indicating that vertical mixing at intermediate water depth was reduced in the 1980s. This was partially because of the change of the SCS meridional overturning circulation (MOC) connecting local intermediate water with deep water. Data assimilation showed a 0.5Sv (1 Sv=10 6m 3/s) reduction in the strength of the MOC, which is about one third of the mean SCS MOC. Because the SCS MOC is linked to the Pacific Ocean, such an interdecadal variation in the intermediate water SCS may reflect anthropogenic climate change in the world ocean.

关键词： decadal variability intermediate water meridional overturning circulation South china Sea (SCS)

Determination of ocean tide loading displacements in Hong Kong using GPS technique

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Science china Earth Sciences 2010年第7期53卷 993-1007页

作者： YUAN LinGuo1,3, DING XiaoLi1, SUN HePing2, ZHONG Ping1,3 & CHEN Wu1 1 Department of Land surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, china 2 Key Laboratory of Dynamic Geodesy, Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, chinese academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, china 3 Department of surveying Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, china 1. Department of Land surveying and Geo-Informatics The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Kowloon Hong Kong China3. Department of Surveying Engineering School of Civil Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu 610031 China2. Key Laboratory of Dynamic Geodesy Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430077 China

Ocean tide loading (OTL) displacements of eight principal constituents at 12 sites in Hong Kong were determined using more than eight years of continuous GPS observations. Parameters of the OTL displacements were estimated using daily GPS solutions obtained with precise point positioning (PPP) technique. The results were compared with predictions from seven latest global ocean tide models. Gravity measurements of OTL in Hong Kong were also used to validate the GPS results. The study shows that the results from both the GPS and gravity measurements agree best with the GOT4.7 and NAO99b models, when the K1 and K2 constituents are excluded. The agreements between the GPS and the model estimates are generally at sub-millimeter level in both the horizontal and vertical directions, except for S2, K2 and K1 constituents that have relatively larger errors. After removing the systematic biases between the GPS and the model estimates, the misfits of M2, S2, N2, O1, P1 and Q1 at all sites are within 0.5 and 1.0 mm in the horizontal and the vertical directions, respectively, whereas K1 and K2 show relatively larger misfits of up to 2.3 mm. Both the GPS and the gravity S2 estimates have large biases with unknown reasons when compared with the modeled values, which needs to be further investigated. The study demonstrates that GPS is capable of estimating the OTL displacements with the same accuracy as the model predictions, especially for coastal areas.

关键词： GPS ocean tide loading ocean tide model site displacement

Vertical Diastrophic Movement of the Continental Blocks in Eastern china

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Continental Dynamics 1999年第1期 78-83页

作者： CHANGXiaotao and HUJianguo chinese academyof surveying and mapping, Beitaiping Rd .16, Haidian District, beijing 10003. , china

The mechanism of diastrophic movementin eastern chinaisstudied in this articlecombiningtheresult of precise leveling with *** Qinling Dabie tectonic line and Tanlu fault are two of the mostimportantstructuresthatcontrolthetectonic movementin eastern *** Yangtze block is rising, while the North china block and the Northeast china block are sinking. The Qinling Dabie tectonic line is the boundary ofthe Yangtze block ,but east of the Tanlu faultthe Qinling Dabie tectonic line is switched to the Qingdao Wulian fault(in Shandong province of eastern china) .The result of precise leveling indicates thatthe Qinling Dabie collisionalorogenic beltgive evidences ofrejuvenation .Although the Tanlu fault was ever aleft hand strike slipping faultin the history ,itis now a right hand strike slipping fault.

关键词： vertical diastrophic movement leveling Tanlu fault Qinling Dabie tectonic line

Variational solution about over-determined geodetic boundary value problem and its related theories

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Science china Earth Sciences 2007年第4期50卷 555-562页

作者： YU JinHai1,2 & PENG FuQing3 1 Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, chinese academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, china 2 College of Earth Scienc, Graduate University of chinese academy of Sciences, beijing 100049, china 3 Zhenghou Institute of surveying and mapping, Zhengzhou 450052, china 1. Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430077 China 2. College of Earth Scienc Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China 3. Zhenghou Institute of surveying and mapping Zhengzhou 450052 China

A new solving method for Laplace equation with over-determined geodetic boundary conditions is pro- posed in the paper, with the help of minimizing some kinds of quadratic functional in calculus of variation. At first, the so-called variational solution for over-determined geodetic boundary value problem is defined in terms of principles in calculus of variation. Then theoretical properties related with the solution are derived, especially for its existence, uniqueness and optimal approximation. And then the computational method of the solution is discussed, and its expression is exhibited under the case that all boundaries are spheres. Finally an arithmetic example about EGM96 gravity field model is given, and the computational results show that the proposed method can efficiently raise accuracy to deal with gravity data. In all, the variational solution of over-determined geodetic boundary value problem can not only fit to deal with many kinds of gravity data in a united form, but also has strict mathematical basements.

关键词： earth’s gravity field over-determined boundary value problem quadratic functional. variational solution optimal approximation