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Hydrocarbon migration and accumulation along the fault intersection zone-a case study on the reef-flat systems of the No.1 slope break zone in the Tazhong area, tarim Basin

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Petroleum Science 2010年第2期7卷 211-225页

作者： Xiang Caifu Pang Xiongqi Yang Wenjing Wang Jianzhong LiQiming Liu Luofu Li Yanqun State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Basin and Reservoir Research Center School of Natural Resources and Information Technology China University ofPetroleum Beijing 102249 China Petrochina tarim oilfield {3. Korla Xinjiang 841000 China

Understanding hydrocarbon migration and accumulation mechanisms is one of the key scientif ic problems that should be solved for effective hydrocarbon exploration in the superimposed basins developed in northwest china. The northwest striking No.1 slope break zone, which is a representative of superimposed basins in the tarim Basin, can be divided into five parts due to the intersection of the northeast strike-slip faults. Controlled by the tectonic framework, the types and properties of reservoirs and the hydrocarbon compositions can also be divided into five parts from east to west. Anomalies of all the parameters were found on the fault intersection zone and weakened up-dip along the structural ridge away from it. Thus, it can be inferred that the intersection zone is the hydrocarbon charging position. This new conclusion differs greatly from the traditional viewpoint, which believes that the hydrocarbon migrates and accumulates along the whole plane of the No.1 slope break zone. The viewpoint is further supported by the evidence from the theory of main pathway systems, obvious improvement of the reservoir quality （2-3.orders of magnitude at the intersection zone） and the formation mechanisms of the fault intersection zone. Differential hydrocarbon migration and entrapment exists in and around the strike- slip faults. This is controlled by the internal structure of faults. It is concluded that the more complicated the fault structure is, the more significant the effects will be. If there is a deformation band, it will hinder the cross fault migration due to the common feature of two to four orders of magnitude reduction in permeability. Otherwise, hydrocarbons tend to accumulate in the up-dip structure under the control of buoyancy. Further research on the internal fault structure should be emphasized.

关键词： Geologic chromatographic effect fault intersection zone differential hydrocarbon migration and accumulation superimposed basin Tazhong area tarim Basin

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Advances and problems in hydrocarbon exploration in the Tazhong area, tarim Basin

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Petroleum Science 2010年第2期7卷 164-178页

作者： Zhou Xinyuan Pang Xiongqi Li Qiming Pang Hong Xiang Caifu Jiang Zhenxne Li Sumei Liu Luofu tarim oilfield company PetroChina Korla Xinjiang 841000 China Basin and Reservoir Research Center China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting Beijing 102249 China

Located in the middle of the tarim Basin, Tazhong is a typical area of compound reservoirs rich in oil and gas found in the Carboniferous, Silurian and Ordovician strata. The proved, probable and possible reserves （3. reserves） in the area amount to 5×108 tons, so it is of great significance to study the advances and problems in hydrocarbon exploration in the Tazhong area. On the basis of exploration history and analysis of scientific problems, we outline eight achievements： distribution characteristics of reservoirs, stages of reservoir formation, different sources of oil and gas and their respective contributions, the effective regional caprock and reservoir-caprock combinations dominating the vertical distribution of hydrocarbon reservoirs, the control of the Tazhong Palaeo-uplift on reservoir formation and establishing geologic models, structure balance belts influencing the reconstruction and residual potential of reservoirs after accumulation, the rules and mechanisms of fractures controlling oil and gas, and the types of favorable reservoirs and their characteristics of controlling oil and gas distribution. We further point out the main problems about the oil and gas exploration in the Tazhong area and put forward some relevant proposals.

关键词： tarim Basin petroleum geology and exploration controlling factors of hydrocarbon accumulation rules of hydrocarbon accumulation

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Poly-phase salt tectonics and hydrocarbon accumulation in tarim superimposed basin,northwest china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2004年第Z2期47卷 104-113页

作者： TANG Liangjie1,2, JIN Zhijun1’3. JIAChengzao1’4, Pl Xuejun5 & CHEN Suping1,2 1. Key Laboratory for Hydrocarbon Accumulation of Education Ministry, Beijing 102249, china 2. Basin & Reservoir Research Center, University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, china 3. Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, SINOPEC, Beijing 100083. china 4. Petro{3. company Limited, Beijing 100011, china 5. tarim oilfield company, Petro{3. company Ltd., korla 841000, china Key Laboratory for Hydrocarbon Accumulation of Education Ministry Beijing 102249 China Basin & Reservoir Research Center University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Key Laboratory for Hydrocarbon Accumulation of Education Ministry Beijing 102249 China Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development SINOPEC Beijing 100083 China Key Laboratory for Hydrocarbon Accumulation of Education Ministry Beijing 102249 China Petrochina company Limited Beijing 100011 China tarim oilfield company PetroChina Company Ltd. Korla 841000 China

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the poly-phase salt tectonics and its relation to the hydrocarbon accumulation of the tarim superimposed basin. Several salt sequences are developed in the tarim basin, they are: (1) the Mid-Early Cambrian salt sequence, mainly distributed in the west part of the north tarim uplift and Keping uplift; (2) the Early Carboniferous salt sequence, mainly distributed in the south slope of the north tarim uplift; (3. the Paleogene salt sequence, mainly distributed in the mid-west part of the Kuqa foreland fold belt and north tarim uplift; and (4) the Miocene salt sequence, mainly distributed in the east part of the Kuqa foreland fold belt. The salt sequences deposited in the tectonically calm scenario, while the salt layers deformed during the period of intense tectonism. Although the salt sequences are characteristic of plastic flow, the differences of salt deformation styles exist in the different salt sequences be-cause of the different deformation mechanism. It is attractive that the distribution of the large oil-gas fields or pools has a bearing upon the salt sequences and salt structures, such as the Tahe oilfield related to the Lower Carboniferous salt sequence and laterally facies changed mudstone, the Kela No.2 gas field to the Paleogene salt structures, and the Dina gas field to the Miocene salt structures. It is indicated that the large-scale hydrocarbon accumulation is con-trolled by the poly-phase salt sequences and structures. The deep analysis of the poly-phase salt tectonics is helpful to understanding the characteristics of the structural deformation and oil-gas accumulation of the tarim basin.

关键词： superimposed basin, salt tectonics, hydrocarbon accumulation, tarim basin.

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Hydrocarbon enrichment characteristics and difference analysis in the TZ1-TZ4 well block of the tarim Basin

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Petroleum Science 2010年第2期7卷 201-210页

作者： Jiang Zhenxue Pang Xiongqi Yang Haijun Li Zhuo Xiang Caifu Gu Qiaoyuan State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting Beijing 102249 China Basin and ReservoirResearch Center China University＂ of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Exploration and Development Institute of the tarim oilfield company PetroChina Korla Xinjiang 841000 China

The reservoirs in the TZ1-TZ4 well block of the tarim Basin are complex, and the hydrocarbon enrichment shows differences. The three Carboniferous oil layers are characterized by ＂oil in the upper and lower layers and gas in the middle＂ in profile and ＂oil in the west and gas in the east＂ in plane view. In order to discuss the complex reservoir accumulation mechanisms, based on the petroleum geology and reservoir distribution, we studied the generation history of source rocks, the fault evolution and sealing, the accumulation periods and gas washing, and reconstructed the accumulation process of the TZ1-TZ4 well block. It is concluded that the hydrocarbon enrichment differences of oil layers CIII, CII and CI were caused by multiple sources and multi-period hydrocarbon charging and adjustment. The CII was closely related to CIII, but CI was formed by reservoir adjustment during the Yanshan period and was not affected by gas washing after it was formed. During the Himalayan period, different degrees of gas washing in the east and west led to hydrocarbon enrichment differences on the plane. The Carboniferous accumulation process of two-stage charging and one-stage adjustment is summarized： oil charging during the late Hercynian period is the first accumulation period of CIII and CII; oil reservoirs were adjusted into CI in the Yanshan period; finally gas washing in the Himalayan period is the second accumulation period of CIII and CII, but CI was not affected by gas washing. This complex accumulation process leads to the hydrocarbon enrichment differences in the TZ1-TZ4 well block.

关键词： tarim Basin enrichment difference multi-source and multi-period charging accumulation process

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Tectonic types and evolution of Ordovician proto-type basins in the tarim region

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Science Bulletin 2007年第S1期 164-177页

作者： HE DengFa1, ZHOU XinYuan2, ZHANG ChaoJun3.& YANG XiaoFa1 1 Energy Resources School, china University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083.2 Petrochina tarim {3. company, korla 841000, china 3.Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Petrochina, Beijing 100083. china

The Ordovician system is an important target for exploration in the tarim Basin. Restoration of the Ordovician tectono-depositional environment is a key basis for the study of the structural development history in tarim block and the prediction of the favorable Ordovician reservoir belts (zones). Based on the surrounding tectonic settings, the litho-facies and sedimentary fill, the palaeo-geography, palaeoclimate and palaeo-ecology, and the structural deformation and magmatic eruptions, in this paper we combine the sedimentary fill in the basin with the development of the surrounding orogenic belts and re-build the proto-type basins of the different Ordovician periods. During the Ordovician period, the tarim region was characterized by the composite of the interior cratonic depression with the peripheral cratonic depression. The interior cratonic depression in the central and western parts is mainly the depositional area of the platform facies while the peripheral cratonic depression in the eastern part is mainly the zone of deepwater basin facies, with the slope acting as the transition belt between them. During the Late Ordovician period, the closure of the Northern Kunlun Ocean and destruction of the trencharc-basin system in the Altyn Tagh region put the southern part of the tarim block under compression and uplifting and turned the central and western parts of the carbonate platform into the mixed depositional continental shelf. The eastern region of the basin had the over-compensated flysch sedimentation with huge thickness, marking the drastic turn of the basin nature. The basin tectonic framework turned to the south-north differentiation of the Silurian period from the east-west differentiation of the Ordovician period.

关键词： Ordovician period proto-type basin composite basin basin evolution tarim block

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Mn content of reservoir calcite cement: A novel inorganic geotracer of secondary petroleum migration in the tectonically complex Junggar Basin (NW china)

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Science china Earth Sciences 2007年第12期50卷 1796-1809页

作者： CAO Jian1,HU WenXuan1,YAO SuPing1,ZHANG YiJie2,WANG XuLong3.ZHANG YueQian3.TANG Yong3.& SHI XinPu3.1 State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposit Research,Department of Earth Sciences,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210093.china 2 Research Institute of Exploration and Development,Petrochina,Beijing 100083.china 3.Research Institute of Exploration and Development,Petrochina Xinjiang oilfield company,Karamay 83.000,china 1. State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposit Research Department of Earth Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China 2. Research Institute of Exploration and Development PetroChina Beijing 100083 China 3. Research Institute of Exploration and Development PetroChina Xinjiang Oilfield Company Karamay 834000 China

Electronic probe microanalysis(EPMA) results of reservoir calcite cement from fourteen core samples in the Junggar Basin show that Mn-content varies largely between different samples from below the detect limitation to 4.14%,while it displays a generally good correlation with oil-gas ***,therefore,likely indicates that concentration of the Mn-content of the calcite cement has a close rela-tion to the intensity of petroleum fluid charging during hydrocarbon secondary *** order to assess this hypothesis,oxygen and strontium isotopic measurements on sixteen calcite veins host in source sequences were carried out to investigate the feature of the oil-source petroleum *** results imply that during hydrocarbon generation and migration,deep hot fluid has dissolved volcanic minerals interlined between mudstone source *** Mn is a kind of typical trace element enriched in volcanic rocks,it is reasonable to conclude that the petroleum fluid formed in the source sequences would be ***,calcite cements precipitated from such Mn-rich petroleum fluid would be Mn-rich *** to the geologic chromatographic effect during migration along reservoir rocks,the decreasing of the Mn-content of the reservoir calcite cements indicates the migration ***,this novel geotracer was further successfully applied in the study of hydrocarbon migration in the Junggar Basin in combination with organic geochemical analyses during the hydrocarbon *** Mn content of the reservoir calcite cement appears promising as a novel inorganic geotracer for the petroleum *** paper represents a search for novel indicators of secondary petroleum migration in tectonically complex basins based on fundamentals of the reservoir fluid-rock interactions.

关键词： Petroleum migration, inorganic geochemistry, water-rock interaction, reservoir calcite cement, the Junggar Basin

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Oil-source rock correlation and quantitative assessment of Ordovician mixed oils in the Tazhong Uplift, tarim Basin

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Petroleum Science 2010年第2期7卷 179-191页

作者： Li Sumei Pang Xiongqi Zhang Baoshou Xiao Zhongyao Gu Qiaoyuan State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China tarim oilfield company PetroChina Korla Xinjiang 841000 China

The origin of the marine oils in the tarim Basin has long been a disputed topic. A total of 58 DST （drill stem test） crude oil and 8 rock samples were investigated using a comprehensive geochemical method to characterize and identify the origin of the Ordovician oils in the Tazhong Uplift, tarim Basin, northwest china. Detailed oil–oil and oil–source rock correlations show that the majority of the oils have typical biomarker characteristics of the Middle-Upper Ordovician （O2＋3. source rock and the related crude oil. These characteristics include a distinct ＂V-shaped＂ relative abundance of C27, C28 and C29 regular steranes, low abundance of dinosterane, 24-norcholestanes, triaromatic dinosteroids and gammacerane. Only a few oils display typical biomarker characteristics indicating the Cambrian–Lower Ordovician （∈-O1） genetic affinity, such as linear or anti ＂L＂ shape distribution of C27, C28 and C29 regular sterane, with relatively high concentrations of dinosterane, 24-norcholestanes, triaromatic dinosteroids and gammacerane. It appears that most of the Ordovician oils in the Tazhong Uplift were derived from the O2＋3.intervals, as suggested by previous studies. However, the compound specific n-alkane stable carbon isotope data indicate that the Ordovician oils are mixtures from both the ∈-O1 and O2＋3.source rocks rather than from the O2＋3.strata alone. It was calculated that the proportion of the∈-O1 genetic affinity oils mixed is about 10.8%-74.1%, with an increasing trend with increasing burial depth. This new oil-mixing model is critical for understanding hydrocarbon generation and accumulation mechanisms in the region, and may have important implications for further hydrocarbon exploration in the tarim Basin.

关键词： Biomarker compound specific isotope oil–source rock correlation mixed oil

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Main progress and problems in research on Ordovician hydrocarbon accumulation in the tarim Basin

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Petroleum Science 2010年第2期7卷 147-163页

作者： Pang Xiongqi Tian Jun Pang Hong Xiang Caifu Jiang Zhenxue Li Sumei Basin and Reservoir Research Center School of Natural Resources and Information Technology China University ofPetroleum Beijing 102249 China State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Petrochina tarim oilfield {3. Korla Xinjiang 841000 China

The tarim Basin is the largest petroliferous basin in the northwest of china, and is composed of a Paleozoic marine craton basin and a Meso-Cenozoic continental foreland basin. It is of great significance in exploration of Ordovician. In over 50 years of exploration, oil and gas totaling over 1.6 billion tonnes oil-equivalent has been discovered in the Ordovician carbonate formation. The accumulation mechanisms and distribution rules are quite complicated because of the burial depth more than 3.500 m, multi-source, and multi-stage accumulation, adjustment, reconstruction and re-enrichment in Ordovician. In this paper, we summarized four major advances in the hydrocarbon accumulation mechanisms of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs. First, oil came from Cambrian and Ordovician source rocks separately and as a mixture, while natural gas was mainly cracked gas generated from the Cambrian-Lower Ordovician crude oil. Second, most hydrocarbon migrated along unconformities and faults, with different directions in different regions. Third, hydrocarbon migration and accumulation had four periods： Caledonian, early Hercynian, late Hercynian and Himalayan, and the latter two were the most important for oil and gas exploration. Fourth, hydrocarbon accumulation and evolution can be generally divided into four stages： Caledonian （the period of hydrocarbon accumulation）, early Hercynian （the period of destruction）, late Hercynian （the period of hydrocarbon reconstruction and re-accumulation）, and Himalayan （the period of hydrocarbon adjustment and re-accumulation）. Source rocks （S）, combinations of reservoir-seal （C）, paleo-uplifts （M）, structure balance belt （B） matched in the same time （T） control the hydrocarbon accumulation and distribution in the Ordovician formations. Reservoir adjustment and reconstruction can be classified into two modes of physical adjustment and variation of chemical compositions and five mechanisms. These mechanisms are occurrence displacement, biodegradat

关键词： tarim Basin carbonate reservoirs oil and gas exploration of the Ordovician hydrocarbon accumulation mechanism hydrocarbon enrichment rule

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自组织神经网络地震岩相分析

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新疆石油地质 2004年第5期25卷 532-534页

作者：杨世明孙龙德杨新华中国石油塔里木油田分公司博士后站新疆库尔勒841000 中国石油塔里木油田分公司新疆库尔勒841000

自组织神经网络据研究对象属性特征的相似性,将对象按要求类别数对分类进行正确归类,避免了BP神经网络必须提供学习样本的缺点。通过地震数据自动识别地震岩相,在塔里木盆地LGX油田应用取得了明显效果。在岩相图上解释了6条近东西向展... 详细信息

自组织神经网络据研究对象属性特征的相似性,将对象按要求类别数对分类进行正确归类,避免了BP神经网络必须提供学习样本的缺点。通过地震数据自动识别地震岩相,在塔里木盆地LGX油田应用取得了明显效果。在岩相图上解释了6条近东西向展布的断裂,这些断裂控制了LGX油田的油气分布,与实钻结果相符,说明自组织神经网络碳酸盐岩储集层的有效性。

关键词：自组织神经网地震岩相塔里木盆地碳酸盐岩储集层地震数据处理

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Research on the dynamics of the South china Sea opening:Evidence from analogue modeling

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Science china Earth Sciences 2006年第10期49卷 1053-1069页

作者： SUN Zhen1,2, ZHOU Di1, ZHONG Zhihong3. XIA Bin2, QIU Xuelin1, ZENG Zuoxun4 & JIANG Jianqun5 1. CAS Key Laboratory of Marginal Sea Geology, South china Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 5103.1, china 2. CAS Key Laboratory of Marginal Sea Geology, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, china 3. Department of Technology, Shenzhen Branch of CNOOC, Guangzhou 510240, china 4. Faculty of Earth Sciences, china University of Geosciences, Wuhan 43.074, china 5. Hainan Oil & Gas Exploration company, Liaohe oilfield Petrochina, Panjin 124010, china 1. CAS Key Laboratory of Marginal Sea Geology South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510301 China 2. CAS Key Laboratory of Marginal Sea Geology Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510640 China 3. Department of Technology Shenzhen Branch of CNOOC Guangzhou 510240 China 4. Faculty of Earth Sciences China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China 5. Hainan Oil & Gas Exploration company Liaohe Oilfield PetroChina Panjin 124010 China

Independent of Indochina extrusion, the South china Sea experienced a process from passive continental rifting to marginal sea drifting. According to the fault patterns in the Beibu Gulf basin and the Pearl River Mouth basin, the continental rifting and early spreading stage from 3. to 26 Ma were controlled by extensional stress field, which shifted clockwise from southeastward to south southeastward. From 24 Ma on, the sea spread in NW-SE direction and ceased spreading at around 15.5 Ma. Integrated geological information with the assumption that the South china Sea developed along a pre-Cenozoic weakness zone, we did analogue experiments on the South china Sea evolu- tion. Experiments revealed that the pre-existing weakness zone goes roughly along the uplift zone between the present Zhu-1 and Zhu-2 depression. The pre-existing weakness zone is composed of three segments trending NNE, roughly EW and NEE, respectively. The early opening of the South china Sea is accompanied with roughly 15° clockwise rotation, while the SE sub-sea basin opened with SE extension. Tinjar fault was the western boundary of the Nansha block (Dangerous Ground), while Lupar fault was the eastern boundary of the Indochina, NW-trending rift belt known as Zengmu basin developed between above two faults due to block divergent of Indochina from Nansha. In the experiment, transtensional flower structures along NW-trending faults are seen, and slight inversion occurs along some NE-dipping faults. The existence of rigid massifs changed the orientations of some faults and rift belt, and also led to deformation concentrate around the massifs. The rifting and drifting of the South china Sea might be caused by slab pull from the proto South china Sea subducting toward Borneo and/or mantle flow caused by India-Asia collision.

关键词： South china Sea, rifting and drifting, clockwise rotation, analogue modeling, rigid massifs.

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