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Lithosphere types in North china:Evidence from geology and geophysics

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Science china earth {2. 2005年第11期48卷 1809-1827页

作者： QIU Ruizhao1,2. DENG Jinfu3. ZHOU Su3. LI Jinfa4, XIAO Qinghui1,5, WU Zongxu6 & LIU Cui3.1. Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological sciences, Beijing 10003., china 2. Development and Research Center, china Geological Survey, Beijing 10003., china 3. china university of geosciences, Beijing 100083. china 4. china university of geosciences, Wuhan 43.074, china 5. Information Center of Ministry of Land and resources, Beijing 100812. china 6. Institute of Geology, State Seismological Bureau, Beijing 10002., china 1. Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences 100037 Beijing China 2. Development and Research Center China Geological Survey 100037 Beijing China 3. china university of geosciences 100083 Beijing China 4. china university of geosciences 430074 Wuhan China 5. Information Center of Ministry of Land and resources 100812 Beijing China 6. Institute of Geology State Seismological Bureau 100029 Beijing China

On the basis of the characteristics of geology and geophysics in North china, three types of lithosphere, namely, the cratonic, the orogenic and the rift lithospheres can be classified. In terms of petrological method (based on the information from Precambrian rock assemblages, igneous activities, deep-seated enclaves, etc.) and the relationship between seismic velocity and rock compositions, the crust-mantle petrological and chemical structure models can be set up. Researching results indicate that the geology and geophysics of North china platform bears the similar characteristics in comparison with those of the global typical cratons. The Eerduosi(Ordos) block located in the west of the North china Platform is a remnant of cratonic lithosphere after the North china platform had undergone “activation” in Mesozoic and “reconstruction” in Cenozoic times. The continental crust consists mainly of TTG rock assemblage while the subcontinental lithosphere mantle mainly consists of strongly depleted harzburgite. The craton was finally formed in late Archaean and early Proterozoic, and has been kept in stability up to present; its crustal-mantle petrological structures of lithosphere can be set up as a reference for the study of North china craton and even Sino-Korean craton. In the Mesozoic period, the middle and east areas of North china platform were activated in the Yanshanian orogenic process, the continental crust was reformed by material and heat-transfer of convective mantle and the original crustal TTG component was reconstructed to be granitic crust, and the subcontinental lithosphere man- tle was replaced by the Yanshanian harzburgite-lherzolite. The Yanshan-Taihang Mountains were the remnants of orogenic lithosphere after the rifting in eastern North china in Cenozoic. The present thickness of continental crust and lithosphere in the Yanshan-Taihang Mountains is not equal to their thickness during the Yanshanian orogenic movement because they had undergone the

关键词： lithospheric types,evidence of geology and geophysics,crust-mantle petrological structure,deep process

Exploring the deep biosphere

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Science china earth {2. 2011年第2期54卷 157-165页

作者： FANG JiaSong1,2.& ZHANG Li3.1 State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji university, Shanghai 2.0092. {2. 2.College of Natural and Computational sciences, Hawaii Pacific university, Kaneohe, HI 96744, USA 3.State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral resources, Faculty of earth sciences, china university of geosciences, Wuhan 43.074, {2. 1. State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China2. College of Natural and Computational Sciences Hawaii Pacific University Kaneohe HI 96744 USA3. State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources Faculty of Earth Sciences China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China

Over the past two decades, scientific drilling into sediments and rocks in the ocean and the continent has revealed the presence of physiologically and phylogenetically complex microbial life in the deep subsurface. Microorganisms, most of which have no cultured or known relatives in the surface biosphere, have been discovered in sediments and rock at depth as deep as 1 km below the seafloor and more than 3.km deep in the continent. The deep biosphere probably represents the most voluminous part of the global biosphere and may constitute as much as 50% of the earth’s biomass. In this article, we review the current knowledge of and most recent advances in studying the deep biosphere and suggest directions in future research.

关键词： deep biosphere Thomas Gold microorganism biomass DNA ribosome ODP CARD-FISH dark energy lipids serpentinization

β2.Adrenergic receptor on T lymphocytes and its clinical implications

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2009年第1期19卷 17-23页

作者： Xuelai Fan a,Yuedan Wang b,a Peking university,school of Pharmaceutical {2.,Beijing {3.china b Peking university,school of Basic Medical {2.,Beijing {3.china [a]Peking university School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Beijing 100083 China [b]Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences Beijing 100083 China

Sustained complex cross-talk between the immune system and the nervous system plays a vital role in retaining homeostasis in a healthy *** of the central regulatory mechanisms involved is the existence and functions of β2.adrenergic receptors(β2.R) on T *** article reviews research progress made recently,including the expression of adrenergic receptors on T lymphocytes,the structure and intracellular pathways of β2.R,the activation of β2.R by either endogenous or exogenous agonists,and the effect of β2.R stimulation on T cells which alters T cell proliferation,differentiation,cytokine production and T-helper-mediated antibody ***,we discuss the roles of β2.R played in the pathogenesis and treatment of autoimmune diseases.

关键词： Neuroimmunology β2.adrenergic receptor T cell Autoimmune

The steady-state solution of dendritic growth from the undercooled binary alloy melt with the far field flow

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Science china(Technological sciences) 2009年第8期52卷 2280-2287页

作者： CHEN MingWen1,2. WANG ZiDong2.& XU JianJun2.3.4 1 school of Applied {2., university of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing {3. china 2.school of Materials Science and Engineering, university of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing {3. china 3.school of Mathematical {2., Nankai university, Tianjin 3.0071, china 4 Department of Mathematics and Statistics, McGill university, Montreal H3. 2.6, Canada school of Applied sciences University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China school of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China school of Mathematical sciences Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China Department of Mathematics and Statistics McGill University Montreal H3A 2K6 Canada

The steady-state dendritic growth from the undercooled binary alloy melt with the far field flow is considered. By neglecting the interface energy, interface kinetics and buoyancy effects in the system, we obtaine the steady-state solution for the case of the large Schmidt number, in terms of the multiple variable expansion method. The changes of the temperature and concentration fields, the morphology of the interface, the normalization parameter and the Peclet number of the system induced by uniform external flow are derived. The results show that, compared with the system of dendritic growth from undercooled pure melt, the convective flow in the system of growth from undercooled binary alloy has stronger effects on the morphology of the interface. Nevertheless, the shape of the interface still remains nearly a paraboloid.

关键词： binary alloy melt convection dendritic growth interfaces steady-state solution multiple variable expansion method

Microcosmic analysis of ductile shearing zones of coal seams of brittle deformation domain in superficial lithosphere

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Science china earth {2. 2004年第5期47卷 393-404页

作者： JU Yiwen1,2. WANG Guiliang2. JIANG Bo2.& HOU Quanlin1 1. Graduate school, Chinese Academy of sciences, Beijing 1000{2., china 2. College of Mineral {{2. and geosciences, china university of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 2.1008, china Chinese Acad Sci Grad Sch Beijing 100039 Peoples R China china Univ Min & Technol Coll Mineral Resources & Geosci Xuzhou 221008 Peoples R China

The ductile shearing zones of coal seams in a brittle deformation domain in super-ficial lithosphere are put forward based on the study on bedding shearing and ductile rheology of coal seams. The macrocosmic and microcosmic characteristics include wrinkle fold, mymonitized zones and ductile planar structure of coal seams, etc., while the microcosmic characteristics may also include different optic-axis fabrics and the anisotropy of vitrinite reflectance as well as the change of chemical structure and organic geochemistry components. The forming mechanism is analyzed and the strain environment of ductile shearing zones of coal seams discussed. The result indicates that, in the superficial brittle deformation domain, the coal seams are easy to be deformed, resulting in not only brittle deformation but also ductile shearing deformation under the action of force. Because of simple shearing stress, the interlayer gliding or ductile rheology may take place between coal seams and wall rocks. Therefore, many ductile shearing zones come into being in superficial lithosphere (<5 km). The research on ductile shearing zone of brittle de-formation domain in superficial lithosphere is significant not only theoretically for the study of ductile shearing and ductile rheology of the lithosphere but also practically for the structural movement of coal seams, the formation and accumulation of coal-bed methane, and the preven-tion and harness of gas burst in coal mine.

关键词： brittle deformation domain, interlayer gliding, ductile rheology, ductile shearing zones of coal seams, coal mymonite, vitrinite reflectance anisotropy.

Seismic wave propagating in Kelvin-Voigt homogeneous visco-elastic media

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Science china earth {2. 2006年第2期49卷 147-153页

作者： YUAN Chunfang1, PENG Suping1, ZHANG Zhongjie2.& LIU Zhenkuan3.1. china {2. of Mining & Technology, Beijing 100083. china 2. Institute of Geophysics, Chinese Academy of sciences, Beijing 100101, china 3. Exploration and Development Research Institute of Daqing Oilfield, Daqing 163.12. china 1. china university of Mining & Technology Beijing 100083 China 2. Institute of Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China 3. Exploration and Development Research Institute of Daqing Oilfield Daqing 163712 China

This paper studies, under a small disturbance, the responses of seismic transient wave in the visco-elastic media and the analytic solution of the corresponding third-order partial differential equation. A plane wave solution of Kelvin-Voigt homogeneous visco-elastic third-order partial differ-ential equation with a pulse source is obtained. By the principle of pulse stacking of particle vibration, the result is extended to the solution of Kelvin-Voigt homogeneous visco-elastic third-order partial differential equation with any source. The velocities of seismic wave propagating and the attenuation of seismic wave in Kelvin-Voigt homogeneous visco-elastic media are discussed. The velocities of seismic wave propagating and the coefficient of attenuation of seismic wave in Kelvin-Voigt homogeneous visco-elastic media are derived, expressed as functions of density of the media, elastic modulus and visco-elastic coefficient. These results can be applied in inversing lithology parameters in geophysical prospecting.

关键词： Kelvin-Voigt visco-elastic velocity attenuation seismic wave.

Relationships between bacterial-algal proliferating and mass extinction in the Late Devonian Frasnian-Famennian transition:Enlightening from carbon isotopes and molecular fossils

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Science china earth {2. 2005年第10期48卷 1656-1665页

作者： GONG Yiming1,2. XU Ran1, TANG Zhongdao1, SI Yuanlan3.& LI Baohua4 1. Faculty of earth Science and State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral {2., china university of geosciences, Wuhan 43.074, {3. 2. Institute of {2. & Environments, Henan Polytechnic university, Jiaozuo 454003. {3. 3. Department of Computer Science, South-Central university for Nationalities, Wuhan 43.074, {3. 4. Laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji university, Shanghai 2.0092. {3. Faculty of earth Science and State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral resources{2. Wuhan {3. Institute of resources & Environments Henan Polytechnic university Jiaozuo {2. Department of Computer Science South-Central university for Nationalities Wuhan china Laboratory of Marine Geology Tongji university Shanghai china

Studies show positive shifts of inorganic and organic carbon isotope values (δ 13.carb and δ 13.kerogen) from +0.43.(‰ V-PDB) to +3.54 (‰ V-PDB) and from ?2..3. (‰ V-PDB) to ?2..14 (‰ V-PDB), respectively, B* (Ba* = Ba/ (Al2.3.X 15%)) values from 0.015 to 0.144, TOC values from 0.02. to 0.2.%, V/Cr values from 0.3.to 2.0, Sr/Ba values from 3.2. to 49.50 in the Late Devonian Frasnian Upper rhenana zone to the top linguiformis zone of the Yangdi sec-tion deposited in carbonate slope facies of Guilin, Guangxi, South china, which indicates that biomass, productivity, organic carbon burial and salinity increase and that oxygenation near the boundary between sediments and waters decreases from the Late Devonian Frasnian Upper rhenana zone to the top linguiformis zone. Abundance of molecular fossils increases and normal alkanes, isoprenoid hydrocarbon, terpanes and steranes are dominated from the Late Devonian Frasnian to the bottom of Famennian, which shows that the predecessors of molecular fossils of the Frasnian-Famennian (F-F) transition are dominated by marine phytoplankton, zooplankton and benthic bacteria with no photosynthesis. Therefore, it is considered that the F-F transitional mass extinction with a multistage, selection and global synchronizing was caused by bacte-rial-algal proliferating, continuing deterioration of the shallow marine ecoenvironment of the mid-dle-lower latitudes. A simple cause and effect chain can be expressed as: appearance of seed plants and multi-storied forests → enhanced chemical and biochemical weathering and pe-dogenesis → wide development of soils → increasing riverine nutrient fluxes in epicontinental sea → from superoligotrophic to eutrophic in epicontinental sea → proliferating of marine phyto-plankton and zooplankton → frequent red tide and anoxia → mass extinction of shallow marine organisms in the middle-lower latitudes. It is worth notice that the factor drawdown of atmos-pheric Pco2. climatic cooling and sea level falling c

关键词： mass extinction, bacteria-algae, carbon isotopes, molecular fossils, biodiversity, Late Devonian, Guangxi, South china.

Status of study on biological and toxicological effects of nanoscale materials

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Science china Chemistry 2005年第5期48卷 385-394页

作者： WANG Bing1, FENG Weiyue1, ZHAO Yuliang1, XING Gengmei1, CHAI Zhifang1, WANG Haifang2.& JIA Guang3.1. Laboratory for Bio-Environmental Health sciences of Nanoscale Materials (Nanosafety Lab), Institute of High Energy Physics, Chi-nese Academy of sciences, Beijing 100049, china 2. College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking {3., Beijing 100871, china 3. Department of Occupational and Environmental Health sciences, school of Public Health, Peking {3., Beijing 100083. china 1. Laboratory for Bio-Environmental Health sciences of Nanoscale Materials (Nanosafety Lab) Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences 100049 Beijing China 2. College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University 100871 Beijing China 3. Department of Occupational and Environmental Health sciences School of Public Health Peking University 100083 Beijing China

Because the physical and chemical properties of nanosized materials mostly differ from the existing microsized materials, their potential impacts on human health and the envi-ronment will be topics under the serious discussions in press and in a number of international scientific journals. We analyze and summarize the existing data of the experimental study on the biological activities and adverse effects of nanoscale materials/particles including single wall carbon nanotubes, multi wall carbon nanotubes, titanium oxide and iron powders. Though some biological behaviors of nanoscale materials observed cannot be understood on the basis of the current knowledge, as the existing data are mostly preliminary, it is too early to make some ex-clusive conclusions on biological activities (or the toxicity) of any of nanoscale materials. The experimental techniques, the current topics, and the future research directions for this new re-search field are also discussed.

关键词： nanomaterials, single wall carbon nanotubes, multi wall carbon nanotubes, titanium oxide and iron, biological activity and toxicological effect.

Hydrocarbon Reservoir Model of Glutenite in the Fourth Member of Shahejie Formation in Northern Dongying Depression

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地学前缘 2009年第S1期16卷 136-137页

作者： Hui Liu~(1,2.,Yingchang Cao~3.Yanzhong Wang~3.1.State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral {2.,china university of {3.,Beijing 100083. china. 2.school of Energy {2.,china university of {3.(Beijing),Beijing 100083.china 3.Faculty of Geo-{2. and Information,china university of Petroleum,Dongying 2.7061,china

The glutenite in the fourth member of Shahejie Formation(Es^4) in northern Dongying depression straightforwardly penetrated into the muddy bathyal -abyss *** conditions of reservoir is very superior:(1) the high quality thick bedded oil source rock is developed very well in the Lijin sag and Minfeng sag of the study area,and it has the higher capability of generating hydrocarbon;(2. the

关键词： glutenite hydrocarbon reservoir formation northern Dongying depression fourth member of Shahejie Formation