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spatial distribution of 10m firn temperature in the Antarctic Ice sheet

science china Earth sciences 2011年第5期54卷 655-666页

作者： WANG YeTang1,3.& HOU shuGui2,3.1 shandong Marine Fisheries Research institute,Yantai 264006,china 2 MOE,Key Laboratory for Coast and Island Development,school of Geographic and Oceanographic sciences,nanjing University,nanjing 210093.china 3.tate Key Laboratory of Cryospheric science,Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research institute,chinese academy of sciences,Lanzhou 73.000,china 1. shandong Marine Fisheries Research institute Yantai 264006 China3. State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China2. MOE Key Laboratory for Coast and Island Development School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China

A database of Antarctic 10 m firn temperature was constructed using available borehole temperature measurements with data quality control to extend knowledge of Antarctic climate. slopes from a high-resolution digital elevation model and the main ice divide were used to delineate main drainage sectors across Antarctica. In each drainage sector, a quantitative relationship between temperature and latitude, longitude and altitude was established using available tim temperature data. Quantitative relationships incorporating other factors affecting Antarctic air temperature such as atmospheric circulation and small-scale to- pography were used to derive a 10-km resolution grid map of surface temperature. The resulting temperature patterns presented a reasonable depiction of both large and small-scale variations in Antarctic 10 m firn temperature. This map is useful for many spatial variation studies, Antarctic ice sheet models, and comparison with satellite-derived temperature data and outputs of atmospheric general circulation models.

关键词： Antarctica 10 m firn temperature spatial distribution

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Potassium Fractions in soils as Affected by Monocalcium Phosphate,Ammonium sulfate,and Potassium Chloride Application

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Pedosphere 2010年第3期20卷 368-377页

作者： WANG Huo-Yan, ZHOU Jian-Min, DU Chang-Wen and CHEN Xiao-Qin state Key Laboratory of soil and sustainable Agriculture, institute of soil science, {3. academy of sciences, nanjing 210008 (china) [a] state Key Laboratory of soil and sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 (China)

soil potassium （K） deficiency has been increasing over recent decades as a result of higher inputs of N and P fertilizers concomitant with lower inputs of K fertilizers in china; however, the effects of interactions between N, P, and K of fertilizers on K status in soils have not been thoroughly investigated for optimizing N, P, and K fertilizer use efficiency. The influence of ammonium sulfate （As）, monocMcium phosphate （MCP）, and potassium chloride application on K fractions in three typical soils of china was evaluated during 90-d laboratory soil incubation. The presence of As significantly altered the distribution of native and added K in soils, while addition of MCP did not significantly affected K equilibrium in most cases. Addition of As significantly increased water-soluble K （WsK）, decreased exchangeable K （EK） in almost all the soils except the paddy soil that contained considerable amounts of 2：1 type clay minerals with K added, retarded the formation of fixed K in the soils with K added, and suppressed the release of fixed K in the three soils without K added. These interactions might be expected to influence the K availability to plants when the soil was fertilized with As. To improve K fertilizer use efficiency, whether combined application of As and K was to be recommended or avoided should depend on K status of the soil, soil properties, and cropping systems.

关键词： fertilizers K availability K fixation K release

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The Urbanization Pattern of china in the 21st Century

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中国人口·资源与环境：英文版 2005年第2期3卷 55-63页

作者： Wang Chengxin 1,2, Yao shimou 1 & Wang Gefang 3. nanjing institute of Geography & Limnology, the chinese {3. of sciences, nanjing 210008, china 2 Graduate school, the chinese {3. of science, Beijing 10003., china 3.shandong Party school of the Communist Party, Jinan 250021, china nanjing institute of Geography and Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China Graduate school Chinese Academy of Science Beijing 100039 China shandong Party school of the Communist Party Jinan 250021 China

The 21st century is referred to as a"century for cities" or "era for cities" and china hasalso speeded up its process of urbanization. It is veryimportant to choose a scientific urbanization patternto exert the function of cities and realize our dreamfor china to become a powerful modernized ***’s concluded from history since 1800 that the patternof the world urbanization has transformed from"extensive" to "intensive". However, it is still anextensive pattern in china, and there are manyproblems behind the splendid achievements, reflectedon the urbanization process of our country since1949. Today, sustainable development and theknowledge economy are the themes of the cities; itis inevitable to change our urbanization *** on the dialectic relationship of quality andquantity, the article points out that urbanizationshould not only focus on quantity but also on qualityin china. High quality and multiform urbanizationpattern is an inevitable choice of china, and thedevelopment of the region can also be exalted by theradiation of the cities. But what’s the real meaningof the new pattern? What’s its difference from thewestern countries’? The article discusses its contentaccording to the reality of china.

关键词： Urbanization pattern multiform intensive china

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Pollen records of Holocene vegetation and climate changes in the Longzhong Basin of the chinese Loess Plateau

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Progress in Natural science:Materials International 2007年第12期17卷 1445-1456页

作者： Tang Lingyu1 and An Chengbang2(1. nanjing institute of Geology and Paleontology, chinese {3. of sciences, nanjing 210008, china 2. Key Laboratory of Western china’s Environment systems, MOE, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 73.000, china) nanjing institute of Geology and Paleontology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China Key Laboratory of Western china’s Environment systems MOE Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China

Pollen records with an average time resolution of 20-200 years from Holocene loess sections at Dingxi, Qin'an, and other localities of Gansu Province reveal a detailed history of vegetation and climate changes in the western Loess Plateau. For most time of the Holocene, the landscape was dominated by grasslands or forest steppes. However, during the middle Holocene (7.5-5.8 ka BP), relatively dense forests developed, and the endemic vegetation flourished, suggesting a much warmer and more humid climate condition than the present. superimposed upon this general pattern are several dry intervals marked by the episodic expansion of grasslands or forest steppe. Xeric vegetation expanded after 3.8 ka BP, indicating a trend towards dry conditions.

关键词： pollen records glasslands coniferous forests Holocene Loess Plateau.

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Characterization　of　Gleyization　of　Paddy　soils　in　the　Middle　Reaches　of　the　Yangtze　River

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Pedosphere 1996年第2期6卷 111-119页

作者： PAN sHUZHENG(institute of soil science,Acodemia silica,nanjing {3. china) institute of soil science Academia Sinica Nanjing 210008 China

The gleyisation of representative paddy soils in the middle reaches of the Yangtze caver was characterized,taking oxidation-reduction potential(Eh),the amount of active reducing substances and the forms of iron and manganese as the *** Eh value was linearly related with the logarithm of the amount of active reducing substances, which was contributed by ferrous iron by 83. on an *** degree of gleyization of dament horizons was graded as ungleyed,slightly gleyed,mildly gleyed and *** Eh of the four grades was>500,3.0-500,100-3.0 andspectively, and the corresponding amoks of active reducing substances was3. and>3. ***(-1),*** amount of ferrous iron of the four grades was 25 mmol kg-1,*** extent of gleyisation of a soil was classified as upper-gleyed, middle-gleyed and lower-gleyed, depending on whether the depth of the gley horbon was less than 3. cm,3.-60 cm or more than 60 cm.

关键词： ferrous iron gleyization paddy soil reducing substances oxidation-reduction potential

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Boron isotopic fractionation in laboratory inorganic carbonate precipitation:Evidence for the incorpora-tion of B(OH)_3.into carbonate

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science china Earth sciences 2008年第12期51卷 1776-1785页

作者： XIAO YingKai1,2, LI HuaLing1,3. LIU WeiGuo4, WANG XiuFang1 & JIANG shaoYong5 1 Qinghai institute of salt Lakes, chinese academy of sciences, Xining 810008,{3. 2 state Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, institute of Geochemistry, chinese academy of sciences, Guiyang 550002,{3. 3.nanjing institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, nanjing 210016,{3. 4 state Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, institute of Earth Environment, chinese academy of sciences, Xi’an 710075,{3. 5 state Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research, Department of Earth sciences, nanjing University, nanjing 210093.{3. 1. Qinghai institute of salt Lakes Chinese Academy of Sciences Xining 810008 China 2. state Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guiyang 550002 China 3. nanjing institute of Geology and Mineral Resources 210016 Nanjing China 4. state Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology Institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xi’an 710075 China 5. state Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research Department of Earth Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China

A laboratory inorganic carbonate precipitation experiment at high pH of 8.96 to 9.3. was conducted, and the boron isotopic fractionations of the precipitated carbonate were measured. The data show that boron isotopic fractionation factors (αcarb-3. between carbonate and B(OH)3.in seawater range 0.93. and 0.965, with an average value of 0.953. Our results together with those reported by sanyal and collabo-rators show that the αcarb-3.values between carbonate and B(OH)3.in solution are not constant but are negatively correlated with the pH of seawater. The measured boron isotopic compositions of carbonate precipitation (δ11Bcarb) do not exactly lie on the best-fit theoretical δ 11B4-pH curves and neither do they exactly parallel any theoretical δ 11B4-pH curves. Therefore, it is reasonable to argue that a changeable proportion of B(OH)3.with pH of seawater should also be incorporated into carbonate except for the dominant incorporation of B(OH)4- in carbonate . Hence, in the reconstruction of the paleo-pH of sea-water from boron isotopes in marine biogenic carbonates, the use of theoretical boron isotopic frac-tionation factor (α4-3. between B(OH)4- and B(OH)3.is not suitable. Instead, an empirical equation should be established.

关键词： boron isotopic fractionation biogenic carbonate B(OH)3 incorporation

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Nutrient fluxes induced by disturbance in Meiliang Bay of Lake Taihu

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science china Earth sciences 2006年第z1期49卷 186-192页

作者： LUO Liancong, QIN Boqiang, ZHU Guangwei, sUN Xiaojing, HONG Dalin, GAO Yajun & XIE Rui nanjing institute of Geography & Limnology, chinese {3. of sciences, nanjing 210008, china nanjing Hydraulic Research institute, Ministry of Water Resources, nanjing 210024, china 1. nanjing institute of Geography & Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China2. Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute Ministry of Water Resources Nanjing 210024 China

A wave flume experiment was conducted to study nutrient fluxes at water-sediment interface of Meiliang Bay under different hydrodynamic conditions. The results reveal that hydrodynamics has remarkable effects on nutrient fluxes in this area. With a bottom wave stress of 0.019 N m-2 (equivalent to disturbance caused by wind sE 5-7 m s-1 at the sediment sample site of Meiliang Bay), the fluxes of TN, TDN and NH4+-N were separately 1.92× 10-3. -1.81 × 10-4 and 5.28× 10-4 mg m-2 s-1(positive for upward and negative for downward), but for TP, TDP and sRP, the fluxes were 5.69 × 10-4, 1.68 × 10-4 and -1.29 × 10-4 mgm-2 s-1. In order to calculate the released amount of nutrients based on these results, statistic analysis on the long-term meteorological data was *** result shows that the maximum lasting time for wind sE 5-7 m s-1 in this area is about 15 h in summer. Further calculation shows that 111 t TN, 3. t NH4+-N, 3. t TP and 10 t TDP can be released into water (the sediment area was 47.45% of the whole surface area), resulting in concentration increase of 0.025, 0.007, 0.007 and 0.002 mg L-1 separately. With stronger disturbance (bottom wave stress is 0.217 N m-2 which is equivalent to disturbance caused by wind sE 10-11 m s-1 at the same site), there has been significant increase of nutrient fluxes (1.16× 10-2, 6.76×10-3. 1.14× 10-2 and 2.14× 10-3.mgm-2 s-1 for TN, DTN and NH4+-N and TP). The exceptions were TDP with flux having a decrease (measured to be 9.54× 10-5 mgm-2 s-1 ) and sRP with flux having a small increase (measured to be 5.42 × 10-5 mgm-2 s-1). The same statistic analysis on meteorological data reveal that the maximum lasting time for wind sE 10-11 m s-1 is no more than 5 h. Based on the nutrient fluxes and the wind lasting-time, similar calculations were also made suggesting that 23. t TN, 13..9 t TDN, 228 t NH4+-N, 42.7 t TP, 2.0 t TDP and 1.1 t sRP will be released from sediment at this hydrodynamic condition resulting in the concentration

关键词： hydrodynamics disturbance water-sediment interface nutrient release flux Lake Talhu.

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Grain-size features of a Miocene loess-soil sequence at Qinan: Implications on its origin

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science china Earth sciences 2006年第7期49卷 731-738页

作者： QIAO Yansong1,3. GUO Zhengtang2,1, HAO Qingzhen1, YIN Qiuzhen1, YUAN Baoyin1 & LIU Tungsheng1 1. institute of Geology and Geophysics, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100029,{3. 2. institute of Earth Environment, chinese academy of sciences, Xi’an 710075,{3. 3. institute of Geomechanics, chinese academy of Geological sciences, Beijing 100081,{3. 1. institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China 3. institute of Geomechanics Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100081 China 2. institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xi’an 710075 China

In this study, grain-size of 507 bulk samples from the QA-I Mioceneloess-soil sequence at Qinan were analyzed, and the grain-size features are compared with those oftypical Quaternary loess and soil samples, representative lacustrine and fluvial samples. Theresults indicate that the grain-size distribution pattern of the Miocene loess is essentiallysimilar to that of Quaternary loess, but greatly differs from the lacustrine and fluvial *** layers are regularly coarser than soil layers, indicating cyclical climate changes. Mediangrain-size along the 253.1 m sequence varies from 6 to 13.μm and the > 63.μm fraction representsonly 5.3. in maximum, 0.9% in average. Long-term grain-size variations are consistent with the loessaccumulation rate at Qinan and with the eolian mass accumulation rate in the North Pacific. Thesefeatures firmly indicate an eolian origin of the studied sequence, and also reveal a coeval changesbetween the long-term changes of eolian grain-size and continental aridity in the dust sourceregions.

关键词： Qinan, Miocene loess-soil sequence, grain-size, eolian origin.

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Research on the evaluation model of the modernization level of urban construction in Jiangsu Province,china

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science china(Technological sciences) 2010年第9期53卷 2510-2514页

作者： YANG JunYan1 & CHEN Wen2 1 school of Architecture,southeast University,nanjing 210096,china 2 nanjing {3. of Geography and Limnology,chinese academy of sciences,nanjing 210008,china 1. school of Architecture Southeast University Nanjing 210096 China2. Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China

The modernization of urban construction is a key index in the process of urbanization,and also is an important index to measure the level of socio-economic and cultural *** paper analyzes and explores the related concepts of modernization of urban construction,analyzes the situation and identity of urban construction layer by layer so as to establish an evaluation index system of the modernization level of urban construction and then the paper evaluates the modernization level of urban construction from four different angles,which are the perspectives of the urban planning control,the level of urban facilities,urban management,urban construction *** later analyzes the evaluation results by choosing Jiangsu Province as a research hierarchy from the scale chains of urban study and makes efforts to the operative and directive development direction.

关键词： modernization of urban construction index system evaluation model

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Nutrient Cycling and Balance in Red soil Agroecosystem and Their Management

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Pedosphere 2000年第2期10卷 107-116页

作者： HE YUANQIU and LI ZHIMING.(institute of soil science, the chinese {3. of sciences, P.O. Box 821, nanjing 210008 china) 中科院南京土壤所江苏南京 210008

An experiment was conducted in a red soil derived from Quaternary red clay in the Ecological Experimentstation of Red soil, the chinese {3. of sciences, located in Yingtan (28° 15′ 3.″ N, 116° 55′ 3.″E), Jiangxi Province. The results show that the major ways of nutrient loss are leaching and nitrogenvolatilization. Rationalizing crop distribution, stimulating nutrient recycling, and improving internal nutrientflow are effective measures to decrease nutrient loss and to promote nutrient utilization efficiency. Theimportant ways of regulating nutrient cycling and balance in the agroecosystem of the red soil are to establishoptimal eco-agricultural models, practice balanced fertilization and combine the cropping system with thelivestock system.

关键词： balance nutrient cycling red soil agroecosystem regulation options

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