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Relationship between surface Pollen and Modern Vegetation in southwestern china

Journal of Mountain science 2010年第2期7卷 176-186页

作者： PAN Tao DAI Erfu and WU shaohong institute of Geographic {1.s and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences BeO'ing 100049 China institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China

Based on the pollen data obtained from thirty-five surface soil samples and investigated vegetation data from seven plant quadrats,the quantitative relationship between surface soil pollen and modern vegetation are studied in the longitudinal range-gorge region (LRGR) in southwestern china.R-values (referring to pollen assemblages) are calculated with pollen percentage and plant *** coefficients of similarity between pollen and vegetation are *** results show that the pollen assemblages on surface soil of all vegetation zones can basically represent the native vegetation,but the pollen assemblages are not fully according with the *** is due to the influencing factors including pollen preservation ability,pollen production,amount of exotic pollen and pollen *** pollen representation in surface soil is different in families and *** pollen of woody plants such as Pinus,Tsuga,Alnus,Fagus and Castanopsis are over-representative,but those of Quercus,Carpinus Myrica,Elaeocarpaceae,Ericaceae,Theaceae and Llex are underrepresentative;the pollen of herbaceous plants such as Artemisia and Rubiaceae are over-representative,while those of others including Gramineae and Araliaceae are *** R-values of the same taxon pollen in different vegetation zones are different,depending on their distances from the pollen *** coefficients of the similarity between plant communities and pollen assemblages are mostly over 70%,which indicate again that the surface soil pollen and spores assemblages can represent the *** is concluded that there is a good corresponding relationship between surface pollen assemblages and native vegetation in LRGR,and it is of great significance for reconstructing the past vegetation and paleoclimate using quantitative fossil pollen data in this region.

关键词： Longitudinal range-gorge region (LRGR) Pollen assemblage Vegetation R-value Coefficient of similarity

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Accumulation of Organic Matter in Infertile Red soils and Its Ecological Importance

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Pedosphere 2000年第2期10卷 149-158页

作者： LI ZHONGPEI CHENG LILI and LIN XINXIONG(institute of soil science, the {3. academy of sciences, P.O. Box 821, Naroing 21.008 china) 中科院南京土壤所江苏南京 210008

Field experiments on the decomposition of organic materials and the accumulation of organic carbon ininfertile red soils were conducted at the Ecological Experimental station of Red soil, the chinese {3.of sciences, and the potential of CO2 sequestration by reclamation and improving the fertility of these soils was estimated. Results showed that in infertile red soils, the humification coefficients of organic materials were rather high, ranging from 0.28 to 0.63.with an average of 0.43. which was 41% higher than those incorresponding red soils with medium fertility. This was mainly attributed to the high clay content, highacidity and low native organic matter content of infertile red soils. Compared to those in correspondingnormal red soils, the decomposition rates of organic materials were significantly lower in infertile red soilsin the first 2 yearst thereafter no significant difference was observed between those in the two kinds of *** on the kind and amount of organic manure applied, the soil properties and the rotation systems,annual application of organic manure with a rate of 4500 to 9000 kg ha-1 increased the organic carboncontent in surface 20 cm of infertile red soils by 2.1~7.5 g kg-1 with an average of 4.7 g kg-1 within the first5 years. The organic carbon content in infertile red soils which received organic manure annually increasedlinearly in the first 10 years, thereafter it slowed down, implying that the fertility of the infertile red soilscould reach middle or high level in 1O years if the soil was managed properly It was estimated that throughexploitation of wastelands, re-establishment of fuel forests and improvement of soil fertility, soils in red soilregion of china could sequester an extra 1.50 × 1015 g of atmospheric CO2.

关键词： accumulation ecological importance infertile red soils organic carbon

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Effect of sulphur in Rainfall, Irrigation Waterand Perco colating Water on soil sulphur in Jiangxi Province

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Pedosphere 2000年第2期10卷 177-182页

作者： LIU CHONGQUN CAO sHUQING and XU JUNXIANG(institute of soil science, the {3. academy of sciences, P.O. Box 821, Narolng 21.008 china) institute of soil science the Chinese Academy of Sciences P.O. Box 821 Nanjing 210008 China

Ten rainfall and irrigation water-collecting posts were set up in different ecotype districts of JiangxiProvince, china, to quarterly measure s content in rainfall and irrigation water. A rainwater chemicalcomposition- collecting device was used to collect the sulphur in rainfall land the amount of sulphur adsorbedon the resin column in the device was determined. The soil percolating water was gathered using 6 lysimeters,built up according to the profile sequence of the red soil derived from red sandstone and the red soil derivedfrom Quaternary red clay, separately. On the lysimeters peanuts, soybean and radish were grown in *** treatments were designed: without s addition and with s addition at a rate of 14 kg s ha-1. The sO24contents in rainfall, irrigation water and soil percolating water were determined by the *** results in 1997 showed that the average annual s content in rainwater was 28.13.kg s ha-1, theaverage s content in irrigation water was 1.7 mg s L-1 , and the average content of in soil percolationwater was 2.3. kg s ha-1 year-1 and 4.70 kg s ha-l year-1 in treatments without and with sulphurapplication, respectively. In Jiangxi Province, apart from the losses by runoff and leaching, the sulphur inrainfall available to crops is 7.3.kg s ha-1 year-1 and additional s application is required. When rice isgrown , however, irrigation water can supply 6.9 kg s ha-1, which, along with the sulphur in rainfall, canalmost meet the s requirement of one cropping of rice.

关键词： irrigation water Jiangxi Province rainfall soil percolation water sulphur

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^(13.)Cs Redistribution in Thin stony soil of a Carbonate Rock slope in southwest china

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Pedosphere 2011年第1期21卷 37-45页

作者： LI Hao ZHANG Xin-Bao WANG Kc-Lin WEN An-Bang institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 (China) Graduate University Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 (China) state Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guiyang 550002 (China) institute of subtropical Agriculture Chinese Academy of Sciences Changsha 410125 (China)

The fallout radionuclide cesium-13.(13. Cs) has been widely employed as a tracer for assessment of soil loss from thick uniform soils;however,few studies have been conducted on thin stony soils on slopes underlain by carbonate rocks which are widely distributed in karst *** derived from 13. Cs measurement of soil samples collected along a carbonate rock slope with thin stony soil where neither soil erosion nor deposition occurred was used to investigate the characteristics of 13. Cs redistribution in a karst area of southwest *** results indicated that the 13. Cs inventories of the surface soil on the slope studied were much lower than that of the local 13. Cs reference inventory and the 13. Cs activities were much higher than those on slopes with thick uniform *** spatial distribution of 13. Cs inventories was characterized by considerable *** high 13. Cs depletion in the stony soil of the slope studied was mainly because a considerable proportion of the fallout input of 13. Cs could be lost with runoff and the dissolution of carbonate particles in the soil promoted the loss of 13. *** demonstrated that the rates of soil loss could not be estimated from the degree of depletion of the 13. Cs inventory relative to the local reference inventory for the thin stony soil of the rocky slope underlain by carbonate rocks in the study area in the way that has been widely used in areas with thick uniform soils.

关键词： carbonate dissolution, ^13.Cs fallout, ^13.Cs inventory karst area runoff

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Distribution characteristics of magnetic susceptibility of the surface sediments in the southern Yellow sea

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chinese science Bulletin 2003年第B06期48卷 37-41页

作者： GE shulan~(1,2,3., sHI Xuefa~1 & HAN Yibing~1 1. Key Laboratory of Marine sedimentology and Environmental Geology, First institute of Oceanography, state Oceanic Administration. Qingdao 266061. china 2. institute of Geology and Geophysics, {3. academy of sciences, Beijing 100029. china 3. Graduate school. {3. academy of sciences, Beijing 10003.. china 1. Key Laboratory of Marine sedimentology and Environmental Geology First Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration 266061 Qingdao China 2. institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences 100029 Beijing China 3. Graduate school Chinese Academy of Sciences 100039 Beijing China

The characteristic distributions of magnetic susceptibility (Ms) are analyzed on the basis of susceptibility of 172 surface sediment samples in the southern Yellow sea (sYs). The preliminary results are as follows: first, the distributions clearly correspond to different modern sediment assemblages in the continental sea, which indicates different sediment origins. With the 3. μCGs isoline being taken as demarcation line, the study area can then be divided into section H (high Ms value area) and section L (low Ms value area). section H is mainly adjacent to land with two main sources of the Changjiang River and the Huanghe *** L is mainly an eddy sediment area, where Yellow sea Cold Water is entrenched all the year round. The distribution pattern of Ms could tell apart strong or weak hydrodynamic conditions and has a close relation to the circulation system in this area. At the areas of the sYs Circumfluent and northern East china sea (NECs) Circumfluent (weak hydrodynamic), the Ms has low values, while in the areas of Coastal Current (strong hydrodynamic), the values are *** the same time, the oxidizing areas tend to take on higher Ms, while the reducing areas have lower one. It seems safe to say that the Ms in the continental sea reflects more of the sediment origin and sedimentary environment, which is different from that of loess, lake and surface soil as a climate proxy.

关键词：中国黄海表面沉积物磁化率等值线长江黄河旋涡沉积区循环系统

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Virtual multi-dimensional internal bonds model and its application in simulation of rock mass

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science china(Technological sciences) 2008年第2期51卷 192-201页

作者： ZHANG ZhenNan1,2 & GE XiuRun3.4 1 Department of Civil Engineering,shanghai University,shanghai 200072,china 2 shanghai institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics,shanghai University,shanghai 200072, china 3.institute of Geotechnical Engineering,shanghai Jiao Tong University,shanghai 20003.,china 4 institute of Rock and soil Mechanics,chinese academy of sciences,Wuhan 43.071,china 1. Department of Civil Engineering Shanghai University Shanghai 200072 China 2. shanghai institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics Shanghai University Shanghai 200072 China 3. institute of Geotechnical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200030 China 4. institute of Rock and soil Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430071 China

VMIB (virtual multi-dimensional internal bonds) is a multiscale mechanical model developed from the VIB (virtual internal bond) theory. In VIB theory,the solid mate-rial is considered to consist of random-distributed material particles in microscale. These particles are connected with normal bonds. The macro constitutive relation is derived from the cohesive law between particles. However,in VMIB,the micro particles are connected with both normal and shear bonds. The macro constitutive relation is derived in terms of bond stiffness coefficients. It has been theoretically certified that there exists a corresponding relationship between the two bond stiffness coefficients and the two macro material constants,i.e. the Young’s modulus and Poisson ratio. This corresponding relationship suggests that it should be necessary and sufficient to simultaneously account for the normal and shear interactions between particles. Due to the fact that the fracture criterion is directly incorporated into the constitutive relation,both VIB and VMIB present many advantages in simulating fractures of materials. In the damage model of rock mass,a damage tensor is usually defined to describe the distribution of cracks. The damage value in one direction determines the relative stiffness of rock mass in this direction. In VMIB solid,the relative distribution density of micro bonds in one direction determines the relative macro stiffness of the material in this direction. The effects of the damage value and the relative distribution density of bonds are consistent. To simulate the failure behavior of rock mass with VMIB,the presented paper sets up a quantitative relationship between the damage tensor and the rela-tive distribution density of bonds. Comparison of the theoretical and the experi-mental results shows that VMIB model can represent the effect of distributed cracks on rock mass with this relationship. The presented work provides a founda-tion for further simulating fracture behavior

关键词： VMIB (virtual multi-dimensional internal bonds) rock mass VIB (virtual internal bonds) multi-cracked body numerical simulation

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Effect of Combined Heavy Metal Pollution on Nitrogen Mineralization Potential,Urease and Phosphatase Activities in a Typic Udic Ferrisol

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Pedosphere 1999年第3期9卷 251-258页

作者： ZHENG CHUNRONG TU CONG and CHEN HUAIMAN(Laboratory of Material Cycling in Pedosphere, institute of soil science, the {3. academy of sciences,nanjing 21.008 (china))(Received April 20, 1999 revised June 2, 1999) 中科院南京土壤所江苏南京 210008 中科院南京土壤所江苏南京

Individual and combined effects of Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd on N mineralization, urease and phosphatase were examined in a Typic Udic Ferrisol in laboratory by employing an uniform design and a single factor *** pollution caused by heavy metals inhibited N mineralization (No value) and urease and phosphatase activities. The combined pollution of metals alleviated their toxicity to N mineralization to some extent,whereas aggravated the toxicity to urease and phosphatase. Phosphorous application could mitigate the toxic effect of heavy metals on phosphatase activities, while alleviating effect of N application on the toxicity of heavy metals to urease was inconsistent. However, the mitigating effect of the fertilizers was limited in heavily polluted soils.

关键词： heavy metal pollution N mineralization phosphatase urease

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soil Evolution Features of Debris Flow Waste-shoal Land

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Journal of Mountain science 2009年第2期6卷 181-188页

作者： CUI Peng GE Yonggang ZHUANG Jianqi WANG Daojie Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Land surface Processes Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 China institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 China Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China

The reclamation and utilization of debris flow waste-shoal land plays an important role in the mitigation and control of debris flow hazards, which thus contributes a lot to the exploitation of insufficient land resources in mountainous areas and the reduction of losses caused by debris flow. The aim of this paper is to discuss the features and mechanism of soil evolution of debris flow waste-shoal land so as to search for the available modes of its reclamation and utilization. The Jiangjiagou Ravine, a typical debris flow ravine, was selected to study soil evolution features of debris flow waste-shoal land based on the analysis of soil physicochemical properties and soil microstructure. It was found that the soil evolution rates of debris flow waste-shoal land varied with different modes of reclamation. For the land which had been reclaimed for less than 10 years, soil evolved most rapidly in paddy fields, and more rapidly in dry farmland than in naturally restored waste-shoal land. For the land which had been used for more than 10 years, the soil evolution rates of dry farmland, naturally restored waste-shoal land and paddy farmland decreased in the file. For the same utilization period of time, significant differences were recognized in soil evolution features under different modes of reclamation. Analysis data showed that soil clay content, soil thickness, the psephicity of skeleton particles and contents of microaggregates (st. soil nutrients and porosity of dry farmland were better than those of paddy farmland and naturally restored waste-shoal land, and those of paddy farmland were superior to those of naturally restored waste-shoal land. Paddy farmland characterized by rapid pedogenesis, stable evolution and high utilizability was the priority candidate for the reclamation and utilization of debris flow waste-shoal land.

关键词： Debris flow waste-shoal land Reclamation mode Utilization time soil properties soil microstructure

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Chemical behavior and risk assessment of four pesticidesin soil and water

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Journal of Environmental sciences 1995年第2期7卷 157-162页

作者： Jiang Xiliu Hua Xiaomei(nanjing institute of Environrnent science, National Environmental ProtectionAgency of{3. , nanjing 210042 ,{3.) nanjing Inst of Envmtl sci Nat Enmtl Protection Agency of China Nanjing China China

ＣｈｅｍｉｃａｌｂｅｈａｖｉｏｒａｎｄｒｉｓｋａｓｓｅｓｓｍｅｎｔｏｆｆｏｕｒｐｅｓｔｉｃｉｄｅｓｉｎｓｏｉｌａｎｄｗａｔｅｒＪｉａｎｇＸｉｌｉｕ；ＨｕａＸｉａｏｍｅｉ（ＮａｎｊｉｎｇＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＥｎｖｉｒ... 详细信息

ＣｈｅｍｉｃａｌｂｅｈａｖｉｏｒａｎｄｒｉｓｋａｓｓｅｓｓｍｅｎｔｏｆｆｏｕｒｐｅｓｔｉｃｉｄｅｓｉｎｓｏｉｌａｎｄｗａｔｅｒＪｉａｎｇＸｉｌｉｕ；ＨｕａＸｉａｏｍｅｉ（ＮａｎｊｉｎｇＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｒｎｅｎｔＳｃｉｅｎｃｅ，Ｎａ...

关键词： pesticide : chemical behavior soil and water risk assessment.

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Effect of Different Amendments on Ryegrass Growth in Copper Mine Tailings

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Pedosphere 2003年第4期13卷 299-308页

作者： HAO Xiu-Zhen, ZHOU Dong-Mei, WANG Yu-Jun, CANG Long and CHEN Huai-Maninstitute of soil science, the {3. academy of sciences, nanjing 21.008 (china). E-mail: xzhao@issas. *** institute of soil science the Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 (China)

Montmorillonite, rice straw, organic manure and chemical fertilizer were usedas amendment materials for copper mine tailings, and their effects on mine tailing pH, nutrientsarid metal availability to ryegrass were investigated. Chemical fertilization was the most effectiveone in improving ryegrass growth in mine tailings among the amendment materials examined. It wasfound that montmorillonite raised biomass of ryegrass at the 1st and 2nd cuts, but it did not givefurther positive effects at the3.d and 4th cuts. The effect of organic materials on ryegrass growthwas not so good as expected, mainly due to their slow decomposition in mine tailings with less soilmicroorganisms. Available Cu and Zn contents in mine tailings decreased in the presence ofmontmorillonite but increased when rice straw and organic manure were used as amendments. Cu and Zncontents in ryegrass decreased with increasing the rate of montmorillonite application but increasedwith the rate of rice straw. Zn showed much stronger mobility from soil lo ryegrass than Cu, andalmost all the available N and P in mine tailings, except for the treatments with organic manure,were completely consumed after ryegrass had grown in mine tailings for more than four months andbeen harvested for four times. Owing to its large biomass and high metal uptake, ryegrass is apotential plant for remediation of metal contaminated soils in practice.

关键词： amendment metal availability mine tailings remediation ryegrass

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