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Geomorphologic evidence of phased uplift of the northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau since 14 million years ago

Science china Earth sciences 2004年第9期47卷 822-833页

作者： LU Huayu1, WANG Xiaoyong1, AN Zhisheng1, MIAO Xiaodong1, ZHU Rixiang3. MA Haizhou2, LI Zhen4, TAN Hongbing2 & WANG Xianyan1 1. State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, institute of Earth Environment, chinese academy of {3., Xi’an 710075 china 2. Qinghai institute of Salt Lakes, chinese academy of {3.. Xining 810008, china 3. institute of Geology and Geophysics, chinese academy of {3., beijing 100029, china 4. Department of Geography, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, china State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology Institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xi’an China institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Qinghai institute of Salt Lakes Chinese Academy of Sciences Xining China Department of Geography Qinghai Normal University Xining China

A typical sequence of fluvial terraces and aeolian deposits overlying these ter- races were multidisciplinary investigated. New evidences for uplift process of the northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in the past 14 million years were obtained. At least 11 river terraces along Huangshui, the first-class tributary of Yellow River, at the Xining-Huzhu region are identi- fied. While the first one (T1) is classified as an accumulation terrace, the others are all basement river terraces, which consist of the Tertiary sandstone and siltstone bedrock, fluvial gravel and pebbles and the overlying aeolian loess-Red Clay deposit. Samples from the aeolian deposits were examined for paleomagnetic stratigraphic reconstruction (103. samples), luminescence dating (16 samples), magnetic susceptibility and grain-size distribution (more than 4000 sam- ples). The luminescence dating and stratigraphic correlation suggest that terraces of Tll, T10, T8, T7, T3. T2, T1 were formed at 14, 11.3. 1.55, 1.2, 0.15, 0.07 and 0.01 million years ago, re- spectively. Sedimentological analysis and geomorphological observation indicate that formation and evolution of these terraces were mainly driven by tectonic uplift. Therefore, the terrace se- quence provides an ideal geological record, of the uplift process of the northeastern during the past 14 million years, and the timings of the terraces formation are regarded as the timings of tectonic uplift. The significant uplifting events took place at 14, 11.3. 1.2 and 0.15 mil- lion years ago, respectively. The fluvial incision at the Xining-Huzhu region is less than 100 m during a period of ~12 million years in the Miocene era (between the Tll and T9), while the Huangshui River had incised 43. m during the past 1.2 million years (from T7 to the present floodplain). The river incision process clearly demonstrates that accelerated rising of the north- eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau during the late Cenozoic, and provides new evidence of previous thoughts

关键词： river terrace, tectonic uplift, loess-Red Clay, the past 14 million years, northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

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Himalayan Tectonic Evolution in the East Asian Peri-Pacific Region

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 1990年第3期64卷 233-246页

作者： Cui Shengqin Li Jinrong institute of Geomechanics, chinese academy of {3. Scinences, beijing Fei Zhenbi institute of Geornechanics Chinese Academy of Geological Scinences Beijing

This paper summarizes the Late Palaeozoic. Indosinian and Yanshanian palaeotectonic settings in theperi-Pacific region of East Asia. On that basis, the Himalayan crustal movement in the region is divided intothe early and late tectonic stages and two principal tectonic phases. From the ocean to the continent, 5 giganticHimalayan formation-deformation belts are distinguished; they are the Northwest Pacific trench-island arcbelt. the Northwest Pacific marginal sea basin bell. the East china Sea-northern South china Seacontinental-shelf down-faulted belt. the East Asian epicontinental rift belt. and the East Asian intracontinentalrift belt. The Early and Late Himalayan tectonic evolution is dealt with. Finally the state of the Himalayan re-gional stress field and its evoution in the region are discussed. It is considered that the mechanism of their for-mation is closely related to the continent-ocean and surface-deep earth interaction.

关键词： Asia

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Lithosphere types in North china:Evidence from geology and geophysics

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Science china Earth sciences 2005年第11期48卷 1809-1827页

作者： QIU Ruizhao1,2, DENG Jinfu3. ZHOU Su3. LI Jinfa4, XIAO Qinghui1,5, WU Zongxu6 & LIU Cui3.1. institute of Geology, chinese academy of geological sciences, beijing 10003.,{3. 2. Development and Research Center,{3. geological Survey, beijing 10003.,{3. 3.{3. University of Geosciences, beijing 100083.{3. 4.{3. University of Geosciences, Wuhan 43.074,{3. 5. Information Center of Ministry of Land and resources, beijing 100812,{3. 6. institute of Geology, State Seismological Bureau, beijing 100029,{3. institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing China Development and Research Center China Geological Survey Beijing China china University of Geosciences Beijing China china University of Geosciences Wuhan China Information Center of Ministry of Land and resources Beijing China institute of Geology State Seismological Bureau Beijing China

On the basis of the characteristics of geology and geophysics in North china, three types of lithosphere, namely, the cratonic, the orogenic and the rift lithospheres can be classified. In terms of petrological method (based on the information from Precambrian rock assemblages, igneous activities, deep-seated enclaves, etc.) and the relationship between seismic velocity and rock compositions, the crust-mantle petrological and chemical structure models can be set up. Researching results indicate that the geology and geophysics of North china platform bears the similar characteristics in comparison with those of the global typical cratons. The Eerduosi(Ordos) block located in the west of the North china Platform is a remnant of cratonic lithosphere after the North china platform had undergone “activation” in Mesozoic and “reconstruction” in Cenozoic times. The continental crust consists mainly of TTG rock assemblage while the subcontinental lithosphere mantle mainly consists of strongly depleted harzburgite. The craton was finally formed in late Archaean and early Proterozoic, and has been kept in stability up to present; its crustal-mantle petrological structures of lithosphere can be set up as a reference for the study of North china craton and even Sino-Korean craton. In the Mesozoic period, the middle and east areas of North china platform were activated in the Yanshanian orogenic process, the continental crust was reformed by material and heat-transfer of convective mantle and the original crustal TTG component was reconstructed to be granitic crust, and the subcontinental lithosphere man- tle was replaced by the Yanshanian harzburgite-lherzolite. The Yanshan-Taihang Mountains were the remnants of orogenic lithosphere after the rifting in eastern North china in Cenozoic. The present thickness of continental crust and lithosphere in the Yanshan-Taihang Mountains is not equal to their thickness during the Yanshanian orogenic movement because they had undergone the

关键词： lithospheric types,evidence of geology and geophysics,crust-mantle petrological structure,deep process

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Discovery of Cu-Zn,Cu-Sn intermetallic minerals and its significance for genesis of the Mianning-Dechang REE Metallogenic Belt,Sichuan Province,china

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Science china Earth sciences 2006年第6期49卷 597-603页

作者： XIE Yuling1, HOU Zengqian2, XU Jiuhua1, YUAN Zhongxin2, BAI Ge2 & LI Xiaoyu3.1. Civil and Environmental Engineering School, University of Science and Technology beijing, beijing 100083. china 2. {3. of Geology, chinese academy of geological sciences, beijing 10003., china 3. The 109th geological Team, Sichuan Bureau of Mineral Exploration, Chengdu 610100, china Civil and Environmental Engineering School University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing China institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing China The 109th geological Team Sichuan Bureau of Mineral Exploration Chengdu China

Mianning-Dechang Himalayan REE Metallogenetic Belt in Sichuan Province lies along the western margin of the Yangtze Craton. We have conducted detailed mineralogical studies on ore minerals collected from Maoniuping and Dalucao, the two largest deposits in the belt. With optical microscope, SEM/EDS, and EPMA, three rare intermetallic minerals, i.e., zinccopperite (Cu2Zn), Sn- bearing native copper, and Cu-bearing jupiter were found to occur in the main ore along with barite, fluorite, apatite, sulfide and bastnaesite. Since the conditions under which zinccopperite and Sn- bearing native copper formed are quite unique, finding of these minerals, for the first time in domestic REE deposits, has significant implications for the genesis of the ore deposits in which they occur. In comparison with Cu-Zn intermetallic minerals in other occurrences, we propose that the formation of this REE metallogenetic belt is associated with fast upwelling of the Himalayan magma from deep source.

关键词： Mianning-Dechang REE metallogenetic belt, Cu-bearing intermetallic minerals, EPMA, genesis significance, deep source magmatic activity.

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Reduction of choline acetyltransferase activities in APP770 transgenic mice

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chinese Science Bulletin 2000年第9期45卷 834-838页

作者： LI Huiinstitute of Zoology, chinese academy of {3., beijing 100080, china institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

Transgenic mice overexpressing the 770-amino acid isoform of human Alzheimeramyloid precursor protein exhibit extracellular β-amyloid deposits in brain regions including cerebral cortex and hippocampus, which are severely affected in Alzheimer’s disease patients. Significant reduction in choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activities has been observed in both cortical and hippocampal brain regions in the transgenic mice at the age of 10 months compared with the age-matched non-transgenic mice, but such changes have not been observed in any brain regions of the transgenic mice under the age of 5 months. These results suggest that deposition of β-amyloid can induce changes in the brain cholinergic system of the transgenic mice.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease β-amyloid cholinergic transgenic.

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Impacts of the Wenchuan Earthquake on the Giant Panda Nature Reserves in china

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Journal of Mountain Science 2010年第2期7卷 197-206页

作者： DENG Xiangzheng JIANG Qunou GE Quansheng YANG LinSheng institute of Geographic sciences and Natural resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China Center for chinese Agricultural Policy Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China Graduate University of the chineseacademy of sciences Beijing 100049 China

The Wenchuan Earthquake that occurred in May of 2008 caused damages to large areas of Sichuan,Gansu,and Shaanxi provinces in *** from local governments and related management agencies show that the giant panda nature reserves in the earthquake-hit areas were heavily *** estimates in this paper of the impacts of the earthquake on the giant panda in the earthquake-hit areas were made based on the interpretation of remote sensing images and information collected by field survey.A rapid assessment method was designed to estimate the damages of the earthquake on giant panda *** using visual interpretation methods,we decoded the remote sensing images of the disaster area in the 49 giant panda nature *** results showed that the Wenchuan Earthquake and the succeeding secondary geological disasters caused great damages to the giant panda nature reserves and disturbed the normal life of the giant pandas there (e.g.,landscape fragmentation increased significantly).Undoubtedly,the life of the giant pandas there was ***,although the earthquake caused certain impacts on the giant pandas,it did not really threat their *** so,we still strongly advocate for protection of the giant pandas,and have prioritized a couple of measures to be taken to restore the giant panda nature reserves in the earthquake-hit areas.

关键词： Wenchuan earthquake Remote sensing Giant panda Giant panda nature reserve Rapid assessment method

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The species diversity of fusulinaceans and high-frequency sea-level changes in the Carboniferous-Permian boundary section at Xikou, Zhen'an County,Shaanxi Province, china

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Science china Earth sciences 2006年第7期49卷 673-683页

作者： ZHANG Haijun1, WANG Xunlian2, DING Lin1, XIA Guoying3.& WANG Lei2 1. institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, chinese academy of {3., beijing 100085, china 2. Faculty of Earth {3. and Mineral resources, china University of Geo{3., beijing 100083. china 3. Tianjin institute of Geology and Mineral resources, Tianjin 3.0170, china institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Faculty of Earth sciences and Mineral resources China University of Geosciences Beijing China Tianjin institute of Geology and Mineral resources Tianjin China

The study on the interrelation between sea-level changes and biodiversity with its evolu-tion has great significance for understanding the impact of global changes on organic evolution and exploring the inherent laws of life-environment coevolution in geological history. In this paper, the stratigraphic distribution of fusulinacean fauna in the Carboniferous-Permian boundary section at Xikou, Zhen’an County, Shaanxi Province, is analyzed quantitatively, and the relationship between the species diversity of fusulinaceans and relative sea-level changes is discussed. As a whole, the spe-cies numbers of fusulinacean fauna experience a rapid increase and an obvious decline in Xikou, Zhen’an County, from the Late Carboniferous to the Early Permian. There is a significant increase in species diversity around the Carboniferous-Permian boundary, which is one of the biggest bio-events of the fusulinacean fauna, and represents the radiation of Pseudoschwagerininae subfamily in the studied area. Integrated fusulinacean species diversity into sequence stratigraphic framework, de-tailed study suggests that the species diversity of the fusulinaceans is closely related to its relative stratigraphic location, and is essentially controlled by the sea-level changes, especially by the high-frequency sea-level changes. Generally, the species diversity of fusulinaceans is low, and the number of first and last appearance datum is small in the lower unit of high-frequency depositional cycle formed during the quick rise of the sea level; whereas the species diversity of fusulinaceans is high, and the number of first and last appearance datum is large in the upper unit of high-frequency cycle formed during the slow fall of the sea level. Within the third-order depositional sequence, the species diversity of the fusulinaceans at the first flooding surfaces and the maximum flooding surfaces is low, and it increases upward. The fusulinacean species diversity is low within the transgressive syst

关键词： fusulinaceans, species diversity, high-frequency cyclothem, sequence stratigraphy, sea-level changes, Carboniferous-Permian boundary, Zhen'an, Shaanxi.

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Neogene eolian deposits within the West Qinling Mountains:Climatic and tectonic implications

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chinese Science Bulletin 2010年第15期55卷 1483-1487页

作者： GE JunYi 1,2 & GUO ZhengTang 3.1 State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG),institute of Earth Environment,chinese academy of {3.,Xi’an 710075,china 2 Graduate University of chinese academy of {3.,beijing 100049,china 3.Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment,institute of Geology and Geophysics,chinese academy of {3.,beijing 100029,china State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG) Institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xi’an China Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing China Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

The Qinling Mountains constitute a key climate barrier between southern and northern *** recent investigations revealed widely spread eolian deposits of Neogene age mantling the piedmont highlands of the intermountain basins within West ***-mammalian fossils dated a 150.2 m section (NL-VI) near Xihe for the late Miocene to Pliocene (～10-4 Ma).Soil micromorphology,grain-size and geochemical analysis consistently define typical loess-soil alternations for the upper (0-66 m) and lower (98-150.2 m) parts of the section,with the middle section (66-98 m) having been affected by episodic slope *** results add important insights to the earlier studies about the widespread eolian deposition in northern china during the Miocene,prior to 8 *** also suggest that the basic configuration of the ridges and inter-ridge basins of West Qinling has already formed by ～10 *** well-preserved eolian deposits are unlikely to support intense substratum deformation and rapid uplift of West Qinling since the late Miocene.

关键词：秦岭山脉风尘堆积构造意义气候新近纪晚中新世地球化学分析风尘沉积

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Cesium accumulation by bacterium Thermus sp. TibetanG7:hints for biomineralization of cesium-bearing geyserite in hot springs in Tibet,china

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chinese Science Bulletin 2007年第19期52卷 2680-2686页

作者： WANG HaiLei1,2,3. ZHENG MianPing1,2,3.& HUANG XiaoXing4 1 institute of Mineral resources, chinese academy of geological sciences (CAGS),{3., china 2 R&D Center for Saline Lake and Epithermal Deposits, CAGS,{3., china 3.Open Laboratory of Saline Lake Resourses and Environment, CAGS,{3., china 4 Laboratory of Microbial resources, institute of Microbiology, chinese academy of {13., beijing 100081, china institute of Mineral resources Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences (CAGS) Beijing China R&D Center for Saline Lake and Epithermal Deposits CAGS Beijing China Open Laboratory of Saline Lake Resourses and Environment CAGS Beijing China Laboratory of Microbial resources Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

The bacterium Thermus sp. TibetanG7, isolated from hot springs in Tibet, china, was examined for the ability to accumulate cesium from solutions. Environmental conditions were simulated and the effects of pH, K+, Na+ and K+-regimes were then studied to determine the possible role of the bacterium in the formation of cesium-bearing geyserite around these hot springs. In despite of the inhibition of K+ and Na+, the bacterium Thermus sp. TibetanG7 revealed noticeable accumulation of cesium from solutions, with maximum accumulations of 53.49 and 40.41 μmol Cesium/g cell dry weight in Na+ and K+ inhibition experiments, respectively. The accumulation of cesium by this microorganism is rapid, with 40%―50% accumulated within the first 5 min. K+-deficient cells showed a much higher capacity of cesium accu- mulation compared with K+-sufficient cells. It is evident that the bacteria within the genus thermus play a significant role in the cesium assembly. The formation of cesium-bearing geyserite is also considered.

关键词：铯元素沉积物硅华生物矿化

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CARBONATITES FROM THE EASTERN HIMALAYAN SYNTAXIS: PETROLOGY AND TECTONIC IMPLICATIONS

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地学前缘 2000年第S1期7卷 10-11页

作者： Liu Yan 1, Zhong Dalai 2, Ji Jianqing 3.1 institute of Geology, chinese academy of geological sciences, beijing 10003.,{3. 2 institute of Geology & Geophysics, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100029,{3. 3.Department of Geology, Pek

Most carbonatites occur in relatively stable, intra\|plate areas but some are found to occur in near to plate margins and may be linked with plate separation (Woolley, 1989). Although many carbonatites have been discovered to occur in the orogenic belts in recent years, most of these rocks are related to post\|orogenic magmatism, that is, the rocks occur in the specially extensional setting. Therefore it is unusual that such magmatic rocks occur in the typical convergent environment. Here we report carbonatites and associated ultramafic and mafic rocks in the core of the eastern Himalayan syntaxis. The eastern Himalayan syntaxis consists of three tectonic units: the Gangdise, the Yarlung Zangbo, and the Himalayan units, each of which is bounded by faults (Liu & Zhong, 1997). The Himalayan unit, the northernmost exposed part of the Indian plate, is divided into two complexes, the amphibolite facies complex in the south and the granulite facies complex in the north. The granulite facies complex in the Himalayan unit have been argued to experience high\|pressure metamorphism and represent materials buried to upper\|mantle depths (Liu & Zhong, 1997). The carbonatites and associated ultramafic and mafic rocks only occur in the granulite facies rocks and are divided into two belts: northern and southern *** northern belt extends at least 3.km, and is about 20km in width. The southern belt extends several kilometers, and is 3.m or so in width. Each belt consists mainly of differently compositional dykes, extending parallel to gneissosity of granulite facies gneiss. Carbonatitic agglomerates are observed in the northern belt. From the center of carbonatite dykes to country rocks, five types of rock are observed: the center parts of carbonatites, the rim parts of carbonatites, ultramafic and mafic rocks, altered rocks and country rocks. The gneissosity of country rock was deformed by intrusion of dykes.

关键词： Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis carbonatites ultramafic rocks carbonatitie magmatism convergent environment

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