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Application of the moist vorticity vector in the analysis of a heavy rainfall event in North China

Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2007年第12期17卷 1457-1465页

作者： Zhao Yu1,2.3. Wang Jianguo4 and Xue Deqiang2.1. Laboratory of Cloud-Precipitation Physics and Severe Storms, institute of Atmospheric Physics, {2. academy of Sciences, {3. 10002., China 2. Shandong Provincial Meteorological Observatory, Jinan 2.003., China 3. Graduate University of {2. academy of Sciences, beijing 10003., China 4. Shandong Provincial Meteorological Bureau, Jinan 2.003., China) Laboratory of Cloud-Precipitation Physics and Severe Storms Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China Shandong Provincial Meteorological Observatory Jinan 250031 China Graduate University Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China Shandong Provincial Meteorological Bureau Jinan 250031 China

The moist vorticity vector (MVV), defined as (ζa×▽qv)/ρ introduced by Gao et al. is used to study a heavy rainfall event in North China. The MVV has zonal, meridional and vertical components in a three-dimensional framework. Analysis of domain-mean and mass-integrated quantities shows that the variation of the vertical component of the MVV closely follows the variation of the cloud hydrometeors, with a linear correlation coefficient of 0.95, indicating that the vertical component of the MVV is strongly associated with midlatitude convection. Further analysis shows that the vertical component of the MVV reflects the interaction between the horizontal vorticity and the horizontal specific humidity gradient, which can associate dynamic and thermodynamic processes with cloud microphysical processes. Thus, this study can help to understand how the interaction between circulations and clouds aids the development of convection, and the MVV can be used to trace the development and evolution of heavy rainfall.

关键词： moist vorticity vector heavy rainfall modeling study.

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Digital image analysis of palaeoenvironmental records and applications

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chinese Science Bulletin 2002年第23期47卷 1957-1963,2025-2026页

作者： SUN Donghuai1,2. LIU Yu2.& TAN Ming3.. South China Sea institute of Oceanology, {2. academy of Sciences. Guangzhou 5103.1, China 2. State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary {3.logy, Earth Environmental institute, {2. academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710075, China 3. institute of {3.logy and {3.physics, {2. academy of Sciences, beijing 10002., China South China Sea institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary geology Earth Environmental Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Xi’an China institute of geology and geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

Environmental change signals in geological or biological records are commonly reflected on their reflecting or transmitting images. These environmental signals can be extracted through digital image analysis. The analysis principle involves section line selection, color value reading and calculating environmental proxy index along the section lines, layer identification, auto-chronology and investigation of structure evolution of growth bands. On detailed illustrations of the image technique, this note provides image analyzing procedures of coral, tree-ring and stalagmite records. The environmental implications of the proxy index from image analysis are accordingly given through application demonstration of the image technique.

关键词： digital image environmental records.

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A 12.bit multichannel ADC for pixel detectors in particle physics and nuclear imaging

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2010年第5期53卷 1208-1214页

作者： WEI Wei1,2.3.WANG Zheng1,3.& ZHAO JingWei1,3.1 institute of High Energy Physics,chinese academy of Sciences,{3. 100049,China 2.Graduate University of chinese academy of Sciences,{3. 100049,China 3.Key Lab of Nuclear Detection Technology and Nuclear Electronics of chinese academy of Sciences,{3. 100049,China institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Graduate University of chinese academy of Sciences Beijing China Key Lab of Nuclear Detection Technology and Nuclear Electronics of chinese academy of Sciences Beijing China

Modern pixel detectors in nuclear and particle physics experiments and also in nuclear imaging,starve for highly integrated application specified integrated circuit(ASIC),whereas in China the study of ASIC still stays far away from practical *** lack of ASIC strictly limits the research and development of domestic high energy physics field.A 12.bit multichannel ADC designed for high density readout is introduced as a major candidate for solution.A precise model is discussed and the simulation fully agrees with the model,which indicates a key principle of *** is performed according to the given rule,and novel layout techniques are carried *** results in all aspects are also obtained,showing an excellent real performance,which satisfies the practical requirement.

关键词： application specified integrated circuit high density readout Wilkinson ADC multi-channel ADC

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Reconstruction of precipitation variation from tree rings in recent 1000 years in Delingha, Qinghai

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Science China Earth Sciences 2005年第7期48卷 939-949页

作者： SHAO Xuemei1, HUANG Lei1, LIU Hongbin2. LIANG Eryuan1, FANG Xiuqi3.& WANG Lili1 1. institute of {2.graphic Sciences and Natural resources Research, {3. {3. of Sciences, beijing 100101, China 2. National Climate Center, beijing 100081, China 3. beijing Normal University, beijing 100875, China institute of geographic Sciences Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China National Climate Center Beijing 100081 China beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China

Using seven well-replicated Qilian juniper (Sabina przewalskii Kom.) ring-width chronologies developed at Zongwulong and Shalike Mts. in the northeastern part of the Qaidam Basin annual precipitation from previous July to current June in the recent 1000 years was re- constructed for Delingha. The reconstruction can capture 63.1% of precipitation variance and the equation was stable over time. For the reconstructed precipitation, wet periods occurred in AD152.—163. and 193.—2.01, whereas dry intervals in 142.—1519 and 163.—1741. In ad- dition, the magnitude in precipitation variation was lower before 143. with about 15 mm, but it increased to 3. mm during the period of 143. to 1850. After 1850, the precipitation variance de- creased again. In contrast to the increase in temperature, a decrease in annual precipitation was evident since the 1990s. The agreement in low-frequency variation between the reconstruction and the glacier accumulation and particulate content in Dunde ice cores during the recent several hundred years suggested that the precipitation reconstructed in this study was rather reliable, and represented a regional signal. This 1000-year reconstruction could benefit our understanding of climatic variation in decadal to century-scale in this region, and provide basic data to climate models and to prediction of future climate in the 2.st century.

关键词： northeastern part of the Qaidam Basin tree-ring width series of Qilian juniper precipitation reconstruction in 1000 years.

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Statistical analyses of metric data of hominoid teeth found in Yuanmou of China

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chinese Science Bulletin 2000年第10期45卷 936-942页

作者： LIU Wu, ZHENG Liang & JIANG Chu1. institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, chinese {2. of Sciences, {3. 100044, China 2. institute of Archaeology of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650118, China 3. Yuanmou Man Museum, Yuanmou 6513.0, China institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China institute of Archaeology of Yunnan Province Kunming China Yuanmou Man Museum Yuanmou China

Mesial-distal and buccal-lingual dimensions of 1 2.6 hominoid teeth found in Yuanmou of Yunnan Province during the period of 1986 and 1988 have been measured. The statistical analyses of the metric data show that the tooth sizes of Yuanmou hominoid can be divided into big and small two types, and most tooth dimensions display obvious bimodalities in both histograms and 2.dimensional plots. The coefficients of variance (CV) reveal that the CVs of Yuanmou hominoid tooth sizes are within or close to the CV ranges of Lufengpithecus and extant great apes. The comparisons of tooth sizes and their proportions indicate that Yuanmou hominoids have close affinities with Lefeng and Kaiyuan hominoids, and have obvious differences with Gorilla, Chimpanzee and Orangutan. The authors believe that the hominoid fossils found in Yuanmou in the past 10 years represent a single species with highly sexual dimorphism in morphology and this species may have a close evolutionary relationship with the hominoids found in

关键词： human origin Yuanmou hominoid dental metrics statistical analyses.

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A new method for spatio-temporal prediction of rainfall-induced landslide

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Science China Earth Sciences 2006年第4期49卷 421-430页

作者： DING Jixin1,2. YANG Zhifa2. SHANG Yanjun2. ZHOU Shenghua1 & YIN Juntao3.1. China Non-ferrous Metals resource {2.logical Survey, beijing 100012. China 2. {3. of {2.logy and {2.physics, {3. academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering {2.mechanics, beijing 10002., China 3. School of {2.science & Environmental Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083. China China Non-ferrous Metals resource geological Survey Beijing China institute of geology and geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Engineering Geomechanics Beijing China School of geoscience & Environmental Engineering Central South University Changsha China

geological condition and rainfall are two most principal conditions inducing landslides in the Chongqing region. By analyzing the forming conditions of rainfall-induced landslides, a new method for spatio-temporal prediction of rainfall-induced landslide is brought forward on the basis of grading and overlapping geological condition and rainfall factor in this paper. At first, semi-quantitative assessment and grading for the geological condition of a certain area or slope can be carried out with the multi-factor interactive matrix. Then the severity of rainfall in that area is grading according to the maximum daily rainfall and the total rainfall in a rainfall course. Finally, the “landslide probability judgement factor” can be worked out through grading and overlapping “geological condition influenc- ing factor” and “rainfall influencing factor”, by which the landslide can be graded into 4 grades, they are landslide extremely easily happening, landslide easily happening, landslide difficultly happening and landslide hardly ever happening respectively. More accurate spatio-temporal prediction of rain- fall-induced landslides can come true on the ground of detailed geological survey of some dangerous slopes in an area and more precise weather forecast. Finally, the reliability and feasibility of carrying out the spatio-temporal prediction of rainfall-induced landslides with the method of “two factors” grading and overlapping are validated by the example of Jipazi landslide.

关键词： rainfall-induced landslide, geological condition, rainfall, two factors, grading and overlapping, interactive matrix, spatio-temporal prediction.

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A three-dimensional variational ocean data assimilation system:Scheme and preliminary results

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Science China Earth Sciences 2006年第11期49卷 1212-1222页

作者： ZHU Jiang1,2. ZHOU Guangqing1, YAN Changxiang1, FU Weiwei1 & YOU Xiaobao1,3.1. International Center for Climate and Environment Sciences, institute of Atmospheric Physics, {2. academy of Sciences, {3. 10002., China 2. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 2.0044, China 3. {3. institute of Applied Meteorology, {3. 10002., China International Center for Climate and Environment Sciences Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing China beijing institute of Applied Meteorology Beijing China

A new 3.VAR-based Ocean Variational Analysis System (OVALS) is developed. OVALS is capable of assimilating in situ sea water temperature and salinity observations and satellite altimetry data. As a component of OVALS, a new variational scheme is proposed to assimilate the sea surface height data. This scheme considers both the vertical correlation of background errors and the nonlinear temperature-salinity relationship which is derived from the generalization of the linear balance constraints to the nonlinear in the 3.VAR. By this scheme, the model temperature and salinity fields are directly adjusted from the altimetry data. Additionally, OVALS can assimilate the temperature and salinity profiles from the ARGO floats which have been implemented in recent years and some temperature and salinity data such as from expendable bathythermograph, moored ocean buoys, etc. A 2.-year assimilation experiment is carried out by using OVALS and the Tropical Pacific circulation model. The results show that the assimilation system may effectively improve the estimations of temperature and salinity by assimilating all kinds of observations. Moreover, the root mean square errors of temperature and salinity in the upper depth less than 42. m reach 0.63. and 0.3. psu.

关键词： data assimilation, 3.VAR, sea surface height, ARGO floats.

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Study on growth and properties of novel γ-LiAlO_2.substrate

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2006年第2期49卷 188-193页

作者： ZOU Jun1,2. ZHOU Shengming1, XU Jun1 & ZHANG Rong3.1. Shanghai institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, {2. academy of Sciences, Shanghai 2.1800, China 2. Graduate School of {2. academy of Sciences, beijing 10003., China 3. Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 2.0093. China Shanghai institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China Graduate School of chinese academy of Sciences Beijing China Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics Nanjing University Nanjing China

Transparent γ-LiAlO2.single crystal has been grown by Temperature Gradient technique. The surface of the wafer annealed in O2.atmosphere at 1100°C for 70 h became opaque and Li-poor phase (LiAl5O8); while, that annealed in Li-rich atmosphere kept transparent and smooth. The full-width at half maximum value dropped to 3. arcsecs when the wafer was annealed in Li-rich atmosphere. That annealed in O2.atmosphere increased to 78 arcsec. Compared with absorption spectra, we can conclude that the 196 nm absorption peak was caused by Li vacancies and the 73. nm peak was caused by O vacancies.

关键词： γ-LiAlO2 crystal, scanning electron micrograph (SEM), absorption spectra.

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Dehydration melting of solid amphibolite at 2.0 GPa: Effects of time and temperature

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Science China Earth Sciences 2005年第8期48卷 1120-1133页

作者： ZHOU Wenge1, XIE Hongsen1, LIU Yonggang1, ZHENG Xiaogang1, ZHAO Zhidan2.& ZHOU Hui3.1. Laboratory of Material in the Earth’s Interior, institute of {2.chemistry, chinese {3. of Sciences, Guiyang 550002. China 2. Department of {2.logy, China University of {2.sciences, {3. 100083. China 3. Department of {2.logy, Peking University, {3. 100871, China Laboratory of Material in the Earth’s Interior Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guiyang China Department of geology China University of Geosciences Beijing China Department of geology Peking University Beijing China

Two sets of dehydration-melting with a natural solid amphibolite, collected from North Himalayan structure zone, Tibet, have been carried out in multi-anvil apparatus at 2.0 GPa and 800―1000℃, for 12.2.0 h. One is keeping the pressure at 2.0 GPa and the annealing time of 12.h, changing the temperature (800―1000℃). The other is keeping the pressure at 2.0 GPa and temperature at 850℃, varying the annealing time (12.2.0 h). The products are inspected with microscope and electron probe. The results indicate that at 2.0 GPa, annealing time of 12.h, garnets, melts and clinopyroxenes occur in amphibolite gradually with increasing temperature and the chemical compositions of melt vary from tonalite to granodiorite, and then to tonalite. However, at 2.0 GPa and 850℃, with the annealing time increasing, the garnets, melts and cli-nopyroxenes also occur in amphibolite gradually and the chemical compositions of melt vary from tonalite to granodiorite. In both cases, melts interconnect with each other when the contents of melt are over the 5 vol.%. the viscosities of the melt produced in amphibolite at temperature higher than 850℃ are on a level with 104 Pa·s. The interconnected melt with such a viscosity may segregate from the source rock and form the magma over reasonable geological time. Therefore, it is believed that at the lower part of the overthickened crust, the tonlitic and grano-dioritic magma may be generated through the dehydration melting of amphibolite.

关键词： solid amphibolite, high pressure, high temperature, time, partial melting.

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Zonal propagation of kinetic energy and convection in the South China Sea and Indian monsoon regions in boreal summer

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Science China Earth Sciences 2004年第12期47卷 1076-1084页

作者： CHEN Longxun 1 ,GAO Hui 2.,HE Jinhai 2.,TAO Shiyan 3.& JIN Zuhui 3.1.{2. academy of Meteorological Sciences,beijing 100081,China 2.Nanjing {3. of Meteorology,Nanjing 2.0044,China 3.{3. of Atmospheric Physics,{2. academy of Sciences,beijing 10002.,China chinese academy of Meteorological Sciences Beijing China Nanjing institute of Meteorology Nanjing China chinese academy of Sciences Institute of Atmospheric Physics Beijing China

Zonal propagation of kinetic energy (KE) and convection in the South China Sea (SCS) and Indian summer monsoon areas are examined in present study. Results suggest that the SCS and Indian summer monsoon prevailed regions (5 —15°N) are dominated by the southwesterly wind, however, the disturbances of KE at 850 hPa and convection are observed mainly coming from the western Pacific Ocean (140—150°E), after passing through the SCS, and westward propagated into the Bay of Bengal (90—100°E). In the Indian summer monsoon domain, where the disturbances of KE are found mainly coming from the Arabian Sea (AS) and eastward propagated into the Bay of Bengal. Therefore, the SCS and the Indian summer mon- soon are quite different in zonal propagation of KE and convection. The SCS summer monsoon is mainly affected by the KE and convection coming from the tropical western Pacific. The Indian summer monsoon, however, can be partly influenced by the AS and the SCS summer monsoon. The analysis also suggests that the interaction region between the SCS and the Indian summer monsoon is around 90—95°E, rather than 105°E as proposed by earlier studies.

关键词： zonal propagation of KE and convection, East Asian monsoon, Indian monsoon.

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