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A three-dimensional variational ocean data assimilation system:Scheme and preliminary results

science China Earth sciences 2006年第11期49卷 1212-1222页

作者： ZHU Jiang1,2, ZHOU Guangqing1, YAN Changxiang1, FU Weiwei1 & YOU Xiaobao1,3.1. International Center for Climate and Environment sciences, institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of sciences, Beijing 100029, China 2. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, {3. university of Information science and technology, {3. 210044, China 3. Beijing institute of Applied meteorology, Beijing 100029, China 1. International Center for Climate and Environment sciences Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China 2. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing 210044 China 3. Beijing institute of Applied meteorology Beijing 100029 China

A new 3.VAR-based Ocean Variational Analysis System (OVALS) is developed. OVALS is capable of assimilating in situ sea water temperature and salinity observations and satellite altimetry data. As a component of OVALS, a new variational scheme is proposed to assimilate the sea surface height data. This scheme considers both the vertical correlation of background errors and the nonlinear temperature-salinity relationship which is derived from the generalization of the linear balance constraints to the nonlinear in the 3.VAR. By this scheme, the model temperature and salinity fields are directly adjusted from the altimetry data. Additionally, OVALS can assimilate the temperature and salinity profiles from the ARGO floats which have been implemented in recent years and some temperature and salinity data such as from expendable bathythermograph, moored ocean buoys, etc. A 21-year assimilation experiment is carried out by using OVALS and the Tropical Pacific circulation model. The results show that the assimilation system may effectively improve the estimations of temperature and salinity by assimilating all kinds of observations. Moreover, the root mean square errors of temperature and salinity in the upper depth less than 420 m reach 0.63. and 0.3. psu.

关键词： data assimilation, 3.VAR, sea surface height, ARGO floats.

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Nitrogen isotopic geochemical characteristics of crude oils in several basins of China

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science China Earth sciences 2005年第8期48卷 1211-1219页

作者： CHEN Chuanping1,2, MEI Bowen1 & CAO Yacheng3.1. Jianghan Petroleum university, Jingzhou 43.100, China 2. Huazhong university of science and {3., Wuhan 43.047, China 3. nanjing institute of Soil science, Chinese Academy of sciences, nanjing 210008, China 1. Jianghan Petroleum university 434100 Jingzhou China 2. Huazhong university of science and technology 430047 Wuhan China 3. nanjing institute of Soil science Chinese Academy of Sciences 210008 Nanjing China

Nitrogen isotopic ratios of crude oils with different physical and chemical properties in several basins of China have been measured and their geochemistry has been studied ele-mentally combined with molecular organic geochemistry methods. The data indicate that δ 15N is in the range of ?6‰-20‰. They vary with the oils in different sedimentary types of basins. The oils forming in the limnic environment have lower δ 15N with the value of about 1‰-5‰ whereas the oils in saline or semi-saline environment have higher δ 15N, with most samples being above 10‰ and some exceeding 17‰. The average nitrogen isotopic ratio of oils from the Ordovician formation in the Tarim Basin is the lowest, with most samples having δ 15N below zero, which reflects possibly the characteristic of the oils originating mainly from the organic matter formed in marine carbonate sedimentary environment. The δ 15N distribution can be altered by fractionation. It increases obviously because of biodegradation and decreases during hydrocarbon migration. However, the effect of nitrogen isotopic fractionation in the short distance migration is uncon-spicuous.

关键词： nitrogen isotope, crude oil, sedimentary environment, isotopic fractionation, China.

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The characteristics of arc beam shaping in hybrid plasma and laser deposition manufacturing

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science China(Technological sciences) 2006年第2期49卷 238-247页

作者： ZHANG Hai’ou1, QIAN Yingping1,3. WANG Guilan1 & ZHENG Qiguang2 1. School of Material science and technology, Huazhong university of science and technology, Wuhan 43.074, China 2. institute of Laser technology and Engineering, Huazhong university of science and technology, Wuhan 43.074, China 3. Mechanical Engineering College, Hubei university of technology, Wuhan 43.068, China 1. School of Material science and technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China 3. Mechanical Engineering College Hubei University of Technology Wuhan 430068 China 2. institute of Laser technology and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China

As a new direct metal prototyping technology,the hybrid plasma and laser deposition manufacturing (PLDM) is proposed in this paper. In order to figure out the characteristics of plasma arc beam and mould in the PLDM process of high temperature alloy, the high speed CCD camera is used to obtain the picture around the plasma arc. Afterwards the sketch of picture is clearly obtained. And the effect of laser parameter, such as average power, pulse width, pulse repetition frequency and the angle between laser beam and plasma arc beam on the plasma arc appearance, is studied experimentally. The results show that the modality of plasma arc beam is markedly influenced by laser beam. And the improvements of shape precision and surface state of the layer deposited by PLDM are confirmed.

关键词： plasma hybrid laser, direct deposition, plasma arc beam, molding character, high-temperature alloy.

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Characteristics of fMRI BOLD signal and its neurophysiological mechanism

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Progress in Natural science:Materials International 2007年第6期17卷 630-638页

作者： Zhao Xiaohu1,2, Wu Yigen3.and Guo Shengli3.1. College of Life sciences, Zhejiang university, Hangzhou 3.0058, China 2. Imaging Department of Tongji Hospital of Tongji university, Shanghai 200065, China 3. College of Mathematics and Physics, {3. university of Information science and technology, {3. 210044, China) College of Life sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China Imaging Department Tongji Hospital Tongji University Shanghai 200065 China College of Mathematics and Physics Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing 210044 China

The functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) based on blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) contrast has emerged as one of the most potent noninvasive tools for mapping brain function and has been widely used to explore physiological, pathological changes and mental activity in the brain. Exploring the nature and property of BOLD signal has recently attracted more attentions. Despite that great progress has been made in investigation of the characteristics and neurophysiological basis, the exact nature of BOLD signal remains unclear. In this paper we discuss the characteristics of BOLD signals, the nonlinear BOLD response to external stimuli and the relation between BOLD signals and neural electrophysiological recordings. Furthermore, we develop our new opinions regarding nonlinear BOLD response and make some perspectives on future study.

关键词： functional magnetic resonance imaging blood oxygen level dependent nonlinear response neural electrophysiological activity.

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Two possible mechanisms for vortex self-organization

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science China Earth sciences 2006年第2期49卷 202-211页

作者： LUO Zhexian2, ZHOU Xiuji1 & GAO Shouting3.1. Chinese Academy of Meteorological sciences, Beijing 100081, China 2. Department of Space Information science, nanjing {3. of Information science and technology, nanjing 210044, China 3. institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of sciences, Beijing 100029, China 2. Department of Environmental science Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing 210044 China 1. Chinese Academy of Meteorological sciences Beijing 100081 China 3. institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China

The vortex self-organization is investigated in this paper by four groups of numerical experiments within the framework of quasi-geostrophic model, and based on the experimental results two types of possible mechanisms for vortex self-organization are suggested. The meso-scale to-pography may enable separated vortices to merge into a larger scale vortex; and the interaction of meso-γ and meso-β scale systems may make separated vortices to self organize a typhoon-like vor-tex circulation.

关键词： vortex, self-organization, meso-scale topography, interaction of different scales.

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ENVIRONMENTAL AND TOPOGRAPHIC INFLUENCES ON ATMOSPHERIC INTERNAL SHIP WAVES

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2008年第4期20卷 440-447页

作者： ZANG Zeng-liang PAN Xiao-bin ZHANG Ming Department of Martial meteorology Institute of Meteorology PLA University of Science and TechnologyNanjing 211101 China State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China

A theoretical model was used to investigate the influences of environmental and topographic parameters on the atmospheric three-layer internal ship waves. The results show that both the wavelength and the wedge angle decrease with an increase in the Scorer parameter, and the rate of changes in the wavelength and wedge angle are also alike. The results also show that the wedge angle decreases with an increase in the width of mountain, but the wavelength varies little with it. It is suggested that the wedge angle is determined by the ratio of the wavelength to the scale of the mountain. Besides, numerical sensitivity experiments were performed to test the former numerical experiments. The simulated results are consistent with the analytical results.

关键词： Scorer parameter topographic parameter atmospheric internal ship waves numerical simulation

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Adsorption of surfactants onto acrylic ester resins with different pore size distribution

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science China Chemistry 2006年第5期49卷 445-453页

作者： YANG Weiben1,2,3.LI Aimin1,3.CAI Jianguo1,3.MENG Guanhua1,3.& ZHANG Quanxing1,3.1. State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse,School of the Environment,nanjing university,nanjing 210093.China 2. nanjing College of Chemical technology,nanjing 210048,China 3. Jiangsu Engineering & technology Research Center for Organic Toxicant Control and Resource Reuse,nanjing 21003.,China 1. State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the Environment Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China 2. nanjing College of Chemical technology Nanjing 210048 China 3. Jiangsu Engineering & technology Research Center for Organic Toxicant Control and Resource Reuse Nanjing 210038 China

In this study, a series of acrylic ester resins with different pore size distribution were prepared successfully by varying the type and the amount of pore-forming agents. In order to inves-tigate the adsorption behavior and mechanism of surfactants on acrylic ester resins, three kinds of surfactants were utilized as adsorbates that were sodium 6-dodecyl benzenesulfonate (6-NaDBS), sodium 1-dodecyl benzene sulfonate (1-NaDBS) and sodium 1-dodecyl sulfonate, respectively. It was observed that the surface area was available in a particular pore size and an appropriate pore size of resins appeared to be more important for the adsorption of surfactants. As compared to commercial acrylic ester resins XAD-7 and HP2MG, 50# and 3.# resins exhibited more excellent adsorption properties toward 1-NaDBS and 6-NaDBS. The experimental equilibrium data were fitted to the Langmuir, and double-Langmuir models. Two models provided very good fittings for all resins over the temperature range studied. The investigation indicated that electrostatic attraction and hydrogen bond between resins and surfactants were the main forces and had an obvious effect on adsorption proc-ess.

关键词： acrylic ester resin, surfactant, adsorption, pore size distribution, isotherm.

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Prediction method for October 2003.solar storm

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science China(Technological sciences) 2006年第5期49卷 629-640页

作者： XIE Yanqiong1, 2, 3. WEI Fengsi1, FENG Xueshang1 & ZHONG Dingkun1, 2 1. State Key Laboratory of Space Weather, Center for Space science and Applied Research, Chinese Academy of sciences, Beijing 100080, China 2. Graduate School, Chinese Academy of sciences, Beijing 10003., China {3., pla university of science and technology, nanjing 2.1101, China State Key Laboratory of Space Weather Center for Space Science Applied Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China Graduate School Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China institute of meteorology PLA University of Science technology Nanjing 211101 China

Aiming at two intense shock events on October 28 and 29, 2003. this paper presents a two-step method, which combines synoptic analysis of space weather ——“observing” and quantitative prediction ——“palpating”, and then uses it to test predictions. In the first step of “observing”, on the basis of observations of the solar source surface magnetic field, interplanetary scintillation (IPS) and ACE spacecraft, we find that the propagation of the shocks is asymmetric relative to the normal direction of their solar sources, and the Earth is located near the direction of the fastest speed and the greatest energy of the shocks. As the two fast ejection shock events, the fast explosion of coronal mass of the extremely high temperature, the strong magnetic field, and the high speed background solar wind are also helpful to their rapid propagation. In the second step of “palpating”, we adopt a new membership function of the fast shock events for the ISF method. The predicted results show that for the onset time of the geomagnetic disturbance, the relative errors between the observational and the predicted results are 1.8% and 6.7%; and for the magnetic disturbance magnitude, the relative errors are 4.1% and 3.1%, re- spectively. Furthermore, the comparison among the predicted results of our two-step method with those of five other prevailing methods shows that the two-step method is advantageous. The results tell us that understanding the physical features of shock propagation thoroughly is of great importance in improving the prediction precision.

关键词： solar storm, interplanetary shock, interplanetary scintillation, two-step method, ISF method.

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STUDIES ON RETRIEVAL OF THE TURBULIVITY OF ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY LAYER

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2006年第2期18卷 177-183页

作者： WANG Ting-fang HUANG Si-xun XIANG Jie institute of meteorology PLA University of Science and Technology Nanjing 211101 China Center of meteorology Chengdu Air Force Chengdu 610041China Key Laboratory of Meso-Scale Severe Weather/MOE Depariment of Atmospheric Sciences Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093 China

The variational adjoint method was applied to retrieving the turbulivity of the atmospheric Ekman boundary layer along with the regularization principle, The validity of the method was verified by using the idealized data, and then the turbulivity profile and the geostrophic wind profile were retrieved through it for real observational wind filed data.

关键词： atmospheric boundary layer turbulivity,Tikhonov regularization principle parameter retrieval

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EXPLICIT SIMULATION ON THE TRACK AND INTENSITY OF TROPICAL CYCLONE WINNIE (1997)

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2006年第6期18卷 736-741页

作者： ZHONG Zhong ZHANG Jirl-shan institute of meteorology PLA University of Science and Technology Nanjing 211101 China nanjing Hydraulic Research institute Nanjing 210029 China

An explicit simulation of the tropical cyclone Winnie （1997） was conducted by use of a triply-nested 3.D nonhydrostatic mesoscale model MM5, before and after its landfall. The simulated results show that the model can well reproduce the track of Winnie （1997） with a BOGUS storm-like vortex inserted in the large-scale first-guess field at the initial model time. The mean track error in a 6 h interval is 54.5 km, which is much less than that obtained with the operational prediction. Comparisons between simulation and observation near the landfall place show that the main temporal variation features of sea level pressure and surface wind speed can also be successfully captured. The characteristics of the eyewall, the spiral cloud band and the corresponding precipitation were disclosed, and the applications of the model outputs were also discussed.

关键词： tropical cyclone simulation track intensity,eyewall spiral cloud band storm surge

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