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Carbon and hydrogen isotopic characteristics of natural gases from the Luliang and Baoshan basins in Yunnan Province, china

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Science china Earth sciences 2006年第9期49卷 938-946页

作者： XU Yongchang1, LIU Wenhui2, SHEN Ping1, WANG Wanchun1, WANG Xiaofeng1, Tenger1, YAN Yaomin3.& LIU Ruobin3.1. Lanzhou Center of Oil & Gas Resources, institute of geology and Geophsics, chinese{3. of sciences, Lanzhou 73.000, china 2. Research institute of Petroleum Exploration and Production, SINOPEC, Beijing 100083. china 3. South Branch of Petroleum Exploration and Production Company, SINOPEC, Kuming 650000, china 1. Lanzhou Center of Oil & Gas Resources Institute of Geology and Geophsics Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China 2. Research institute of Petroleum Exploration and Production SINOPEC Beijing 100083 China 3. South Branch of Petroleum Exploration and Production Company SINOPEC Kuming 650000 China

The Luliang and Baoshan basins of Yunnan Province are two small-sizedcontinental oil/gas-bearing sedimentary basins, which were developed at the bases of theCarboniferous and Devonian systems during the Late Tertiary, covering an area of 3.5 km^2 and 254km^2, respectively. Since the 1990s, there have been discovered small-sized natural gas pools inthese two basins. The natural gases are composed mainly of hydrocarbon gases, with nonhydrocarbonsaccounting for less than 2%. Of the hydrocarbon gases, methane accounts for more than 99%, and thecomponents above C_2 account for less than 0.2%. On the basis of previous studies of geologicalbackground, the composition of natural gases and their carbon isotopic composition, it has beendefined that these two gas pools are of bacterial origin. In this work we have comprehensivelymeasured the carbon and hydrogen isotopic composition of natural gases from these two basins andhave gone into the details of the mechanism of gas generation. The δ^(13.C_1 values of naturalgases from the Luliang Basin are within the range of -72.1 per thousand - -73.3.per thousand, andthe δD_(CH_4) values, -242 per thousand - -23. per thousand, indicating that the bacterial gasgeneration is dominated by the way of CO_2 reduction. It has been evidenced that undercontinental-facies fresh water conditions there did occur the CO_2 reduction as a process ofbacterial gas generation. The δ^(13.C_1 values of natural gases from the Baoshan Basin are withinthe range of - 62.5 per thousand - -63.5 per thousand, and the δD_(CH_4) values, -252 per thousand- -260 per thousand. These isotopic characteristics are fallen into transitional phase of acetatefermentation and CO_2 reduction as defined by Whiticar et al. (1986). An important discovery in theLuliang Basin is the carbon isotopic composition of ethane of purely biogenetic origin, i.e., itsδ^(13.C_2 values are within the range of - 61.2 per thousand - - 66.0 per thousand. These carbonisotopic values have been r

关键词： bacterial gas, carbon and hydrogen isotope, CO2 reduction, acetate fermentation.

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Research on the dynamics of the South china Sea opening:Evidence from analogue modeling

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Science china Earth sciences 2006年第10期49卷 1053-1069页

作者： SUN Zhen1,2, ZHOU Di1, ZHONG Zhihong3. XIA Bin2, QIU Xuelin1, ZENG Zuoxun4 & JIANG Jianqun5 1. CAS Key Laboratory of Marginal Sea geology, South china Sea institute of Oceanology,{3. academy of sciences, Guangzhou 5103.1, china 2. CAS Key Laboratory of Marginal Sea geology, Guangzhou institute of Geochemistry,{3. academy of sciences, Guangzhou 510640, china 3. Department of Technology, Shenzhen Branch of CNOOC, Guangzhou 510240, china 4. Faculty of Earth sciences, china University of Geosciences, Wuhan 43.074, china 5. Hainan Oil & Gas Exploration Company, Liaohe Oilfield Petrochina, Panjin 124010, china 1. CAS Key Laboratory of Marginal Sea geology South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510301 China 2. CAS Key Laboratory of Marginal Sea geology Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510640 China 3. Department of Technology Shenzhen Branch of CNOOC Guangzhou 510240 China 4. Faculty of Earth sciences China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China 5. Hainan Oil & Gas Exploration Company Liaohe Oilfield PetroChina Panjin 124010 China

Independent of Indochina extrusion, the South china Sea experienced a process from passive continental rifting to marginal sea drifting. According to the fault patterns in the Beibu Gulf basin and the Pearl River Mouth basin, the continental rifting and early spreading stage from 3. to 26 Ma were controlled by extensional stress field, which shifted clockwise from southeastward to south southeastward. From 24 Ma on, the sea spread in NW-SE direction and ceased spreading at around 15.5 Ma. Integrated geological information with the assumption that the South china Sea developed along a pre-Cenozoic weakness zone, we did analogue experiments on the South china Sea evolu- tion. Experiments revealed that the pre-existing weakness zone goes roughly along the uplift zone between the present Zhu-1 and Zhu-2 depression. The pre-existing weakness zone is composed of three segments trending NNE, roughly EW and NEE, respectively. The early opening of the South china Sea is accompanied with roughly 15° clockwise rotation, while the SE sub-sea basin opened with SE extension. Tinjar fault was the western boundary of the Nansha block (Dangerous Ground), while Lupar fault was the eastern boundary of the Indochina, NW-trending rift belt known as Zengmu basin developed between above two faults due to block divergent of Indochina from Nansha. In the experiment, transtensional flower structures along NW-trending faults are seen, and slight inversion occurs along some NE-dipping faults. The existence of rigid massifs changed the orientations of some faults and rift belt, and also led to deformation concentrate around the massifs. The rifting and drifting of the South china Sea might be caused by slab pull from the proto South china Sea subducting toward Borneo and/or mantle flow caused by India-Asia collision.

关键词： South china Sea, rifting and drifting, clockwise rotation, analogue modeling, rigid massifs.

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The Coexisting Clinopyroxene-Garnet Acidometer and Acidity Facies of Skarn Deposits

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 1990年第3期64卷 299-308页

作者： Lin Wenwei institute of Mineral Deposits, chinese academy of geological sciences, Beijing Liu Linqun institute of Mineral Deposits Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing

On the basis of geological studies of skarn deposits in china and by using thermodynamic models of thesolid solution, the coexisting clinopyroxene-garnet pair in skarn deposits has been analysed and a coexistingclinopyroxene-garnet acidometer developed. They can be used to estimate the medium condition under whichthe skarn was formed. The research on the acidity for the formation of various metallic skarn deposits in chinasuggests that skarns endowed with dissimilar types of mineralization and occurring in diverse environments dif-fer in the acidity conditions for their formation and in the trend of acidity variation of ore-bearing fluid. This,coupled with the study of oxygen fugacity of coexisting minerals, makes it possible to establish the oxygenfugacity-acidity facies of skarn deposits, which reflect the close genetic relationship between the metallizationand the formation of skarn.

关键词： OH The Coexisting Clinopyroxene-Garnet Acidometer and Acidity Facies of Skarn Deposits

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Magnetostratigraphy of Late Cenozoic fossil mammals in the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau

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Science Bulletin 2003年第2期48卷 188-193页

作者： SONG Chunhui1,2,FANG Xiaomin 1,2,GAO Junping1, NIE Junsheng1,YAN Maodu1,3.XU Xianhai1 & SUN Dong1 1. MOE National Laboratory of Western china抯 Environmental Systems & College of Resource and Environment,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 73.000,china 2. State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary geology ,{3. of Earth Environment,chinese academy of sciences,Xi抋n 710075, china 3. Department of geological sciences,University of Michigan,AnnArbor,MI 48109,USA Univ Arizona Steward Observ Tucson AZ 85721 USA MOE National Laboratory of Western china\'s Environmental Systems & College of Resource and Environment Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China

A number of fossil mammals have been found in the very thick Cenozoic stratigraphy of the Guide Basin in the northeastern margin of the Tibetan *** of these are of great significance in mammal evolution and stratigraphic correla-tion on and around the Tibetan Plateau and North ***,the chronology of these mamals is poorly *** of the mammals will not only place precise age constraints on the mammals,but also provide much inlormation on the related stratigraphy that records the uplift process of the Tibetan *** paleomagnetism of the upper part of the Cenozoic stratigraphy at He'erjia and Lajigai north of Guide County has revealed magnetic chrons that can be correlated to Ganss and 3.n *** the section spanning about 3.16.5 Ma and the *** and third layers of fossil mammals at about 5.25,5.1 and 4.4 Ma,*** of the significant genus Gazella kueitensis and the chinese elephant Anancus sinensis are firstly constrained at about 5.25 MaBP and 4.4 Ma,*** mammalian evolution and the associated increase in coarse sediments and sedimentation rate may suggest that the northeastern Tibetan Plateau was uplifted rapidly at that time,and the eastern Tibetan Plateau with its neighboring regions was not high enough to stop mammal exchange between the northern and southern sides of the Tibetan Piateau.

关键词： Tibetan Plateau Guide Basin Late Cenozoic stratigra-phy fossil mammals paleomagnetism.

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Age of Yingfeng rapakivi granite pluton on the north flank of Qaidam and its geological significance

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Science china Earth sciences 2004年第4期47卷 357-365页

作者： XIAO Qinghui1,2, LU Xinxiang1,3. WANG Fei4, SUN Yangui5, WEI Xiangdong3.& XING Zuoyun6 1. Division of Granite geology, china geological Survey, Yichang 443.03. china 2. Information Center of Ministry of Land and Resources, Beijing 100812, china 3. geological Survey of Henan Province and institute of geological Research of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450053. china 4. geological institute, china Seismological Bureau, Beijing 100029, china 5. geological Survey institute of Qinghai Province, Xining 81003., china 6. china University of Geosciences, Wuhan 43.074, china Division of Granite geology China Geological Survey Yichang 443003 China Information Center of Ministry of Land and Resources Beijing 100812 China geological Survey of Henan Province and institute of geological Research of Henan Province Zhengzhou 450053 China geological institute China Seismological Bureau Beijing 100029 China geological Survey institute of Qinghai Province Xining 810032 China china University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China

The Yingfeng rapakivi granite on the north flank of Qaidam is a newly discovered Proterozoic rapakivi pluton in china, which was found after the discovery of Shachang rapakivi in Miyun County, Beijing and Kuandian rapakivi in Jilin Province. Yingfeng rapakivi pluton is ex-posed on the north side of the suture belt between Qinling-Kunlun orogenic belt and North china plate. U-Pb zircon isotopic dating and Ar-Ar isotopic dating of both hornblende and K-feldspar from the Yingfeng rapakivi granite have been conducted. The results show that the age of (1776±3.)Ma at the upper intercept in Concorde diagram represents the age of formation of the plu-ton, whereas the age of (526 281) Ma at the lower intercept and Ar-Ar mineral dating of horn-blende and K-feldspar correspond to the age of a later event affecting the pluton, suggesting that Yingfeng pluton has ever been affected by strong regional Caledonian-Hercynian tectonic movement after its formation. The discovery of middle Proterozoic Yingfeng rapakivi granite pro-vides a petrologic evidence for the timing of cratonization of both the continental crust basement in western china and the basement of the North china plate and for a rifting event taking place in the mid-Proterozoic, suggesting that an amalgamation of ancient china continents had ever happened during the L liang Movement?between the early Proterozoic and the mid-Proterozoic.

关键词： rapakivi, U-Pb dating, Ar-Ar dating, Kunlun-Qinling orogenic belt.

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Permian Alkaline Granites in Central Inner Mongolia and Their Geodynamic Significance

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 1995年第1期69卷 27-39页

作者： Hong Dawei, Huang Huaizeng, Lithosphere Research Center, chinese academy of geological sciences, BeijingXiao Yijun, institute of geology, chinese academy of geological sciences, BeijingXu Haiming,institute of Mineral Deposits, chinese academy of geological sciences, Beijingand Jin M anyuanTianjin geological academy, Ministry of Metallurgical Industry, Tianjin Fei Zhenbi Lithosphere Research Center Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing China

Alkaline granites (Rb-Sr ages 276-286 Ma)occurring in the Bayan Ul-East Ujimqin belt at the southern margin of the Siberian plate originated in a tensional tectonic environment about 60 Ma earlier than the Late Devonian to Early Carboniferous collision between the Siberian and Sino-Korean plates. They belong to post-orogenic A-type granites and may be used as an indicator of the end of the orogeny. At the northern margin of the Sino-Korean plate, however, only late-orogenic calc-alkaline granites occurred during the late Caboniferous-Permian, and alkaline syenites did not appear until the Late Triassic. The asymmetric magmatism at the margins of the two neighbouring plates might be controlled by the differences in size and mass of the two plates.

关键词： alkaline granite geodynamics Inner M ongolla

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Malanite——A New Cupric Platinum (Pt^(3.)) and Iridium (Ir^(3.)) Sulphide

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 1997年第2期71卷 152-157,233页

作者： Yu Zuxiang institute of geology, chinese academy of geological sciences, Beijing,{3. institute of geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100037 [?]Yu Zhuxiang Born in Nov. 193. graduated from the Specialty of Petrology and Mineralogy of the Department of geology Beijing College of Geology in 1953. He has long engaged in the study of mineralogy as Research Professor at the Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences.

Malanite was first found in veinlets of disseminated copper-nickel ores inZunhua County, Hebei Province, and then in platinum-bearing chromite ores in ShuangfengVillage, Yanshan. In the former case, malanite appears as octahedrons or dodecahedrons asso-ciated with pyrrhotite, pentlandite, sperrylite and cooperite; while in the latter case, it is massiveor present in anhedral glomerocrysts, filling in cracks of iridisite and associated with osmiride,ferrian platinum and iridisite. Malanite is steel-grey in colour, opaque with metallic lustre andblack streaks and brittle with no magnetism. H_M=5.0, VHN_(20)=417kg/mm^2, cleavage {111}sometimes observed. The calculated density is 7.57g/cm^3. The reflective colour is white with alight green tint. Internal reflections are not observed. This mineral is isotropic, showing nobireflection or reflection pleochroism in air. By means of electron microprobe analysis, the em-pirical formula (based on 7 atoms) is expressed as (Cu_(0.93.Fe_(0.06))_(∑0.99)(Pt_(1.03.Ir_(0.66)Rh_(0.04)Pd_(0.03.Co_(0.20)Ni_(0.03.)_(1.99)S_(4.03. or (Cu_(0.95)Fe_(0.07))_(∑1.02)(Pt_(1.3.)Ir_(0.45)Co_(0.11)Rh_(0.08))_(∑2.01)S_(3.97). Five strongestlines (hkl, d, I) of X-ray powder diffraction data of malanite are 3.1,2.98(6); 400,2.48(5);3.3. 1.90(7); 440, 1.75(10); 73., 1.29(5). It was known on the basis of X-ray powder diffractiondata that malanite is cubic, and the space group is Fd3. with α=0.9940nm, V=0.9821(3.nm^3.and Z=4. The type material of malanite is deposited at the geological Museum of china(GMC)s

关键词： new mineral malanite chrome ore

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A New Genus of Psittacosauridae (Dinosauria: Ornithopoda) and the Origin and Early Evolution of Marginocephalian Dinosaurs

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2003年第1期77卷 15-20页

作者： YOU Hailu institute of geology, chinese academy of geological sciences, Beijing{3.XU Xing and WANG Xiaolininstitute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100044 institute of geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100037

An almost complete juvenile dinosaur skull with lower jaw was discovered fromthe Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation in Beipiao, Liaoning Province, china. Here, the specimen isdescribed and a cladistic analysis is performed in order to find its phylogenetic relationships. Theresult shows that this specimen represents a new genus of Psittacosauridae, Hongshanosaurus houi,gen. et sp. nov., and confirms the monophyletic status for Ceratopsia and Marginocephalia. However,Heterodontosaurus is found to be the sister taxon to Marginocephalia, rather than a basalOrnithopoda.

关键词： Dinosauria Marginocephalia Hongshanosaurus houi, gen. et sp. nov. Yixian Formation Liaoning Province

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Reinterpretation of the Guangxian Orogeny

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chinese Science Bulletin 2000年第13期45卷 1244-1248页

作者： WU Haoruoinstitute of geology and Geophysics, chinese{3. of sciences, Beijing 100029, china institute of geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

The Guangxian Orogeny, as an important concept on geology of South china, was created 70 years ago. It is generally regarded as an erogenic movement caused by the convergence of the Cathaysian and Yangtze blocks at the end of Silurian. Based on the recent progress of the geological research on Guangxi and adjacent areas, western Guangxi and Liuzhou-Heshan area of central Guangxi may belong to a stable block of Early Paleozoic. The Guangxian Orogeny originated from the northward translation of the Yunkai Block on its south at the end of Cambrian, and formed the Damingshan-Dayaoshan fold belt between the two blocks. It was possibly related with the Late Pan-African Orogeny. The convergence of the Cathaysian and Yangtze blocks occurred in Late Ordovician to Early Silurian and mainly had effect on Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The term 'Chongyu Orogeny' may be suitable for it. At the end of Silurian orogenic movement did not occur in this area.

关键词： South china tectonics Paleozoic Guangxian Orogeny Yunan Orogeny Chongyu Orogeny.

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A new species of Macrocnemus (Reptilia: Protorosauria) from the Middle Triassic of southwestern china and its palaeogeographical implication

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Science china Earth sciences 2007年第11期50卷 1601-1605页

作者： LI Chun1, ZHAO LiJun2 & WANG LiTing3.1 institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, chinese academy of{3., Beijing 100044, china 2 Zhejiang Museum of Nature History, Hangzhou 3.0012, china 3.geological Survey of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550005, china 1. institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100044 China 2. Zhejiang Museum of Nature History Hangzhou 310012 China 3. geological Survey of Guizhou Province Guiyang 550005 China

A new species of the terrestrial protorosaur Macrocnemus is briefly described and named Macrocne-mus fuyuanensis sp. nov. The specimen was found from the marine Triassic of Yunnan Province, southwestern china. It differs from the type species M. bassanii in having the following characters: (1) 17 or 18 dorsal vertebrae; (2) relatively long humerus; and (3. femur longer than tibia. M. fuyuanensis is the only record of the genus outside Monte San Giorgio area and the first definite terrestrial reptile found from the marine Triassic of china. The age of the fossil-bearing Zhuganpo Member of the Falang Formation is believed to be the Ladinian based on associated vertebrate fauna. The existence of Mac-rocnemus in the limestone suggests the presence of a terrestrial ecosystem which probably originated from the Anisian and well developed in the Ladinian in this region. The island system along the north-coast of Tethyan during the Triassic was probably an important route for the exchanges of reptiles, especially the terrestrial reptiles between the west and east.

关键词： Protorosauria,Middle Triassic,Ladinian,Yunnan,terrestrial reptile

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