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The retrieval of two-dimensional distribution of the earth's surface aerodynamic roughness using SAR image and TM thermal infrared image

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Science china Earth sciences 2004年第12期47卷 1134-1146页

作者： ZHANG Renhua 1 ,WANG Jinfeng 1 ,ZHU Caiying 1,2.,SUN Xiaomin 1 & ZHU Zhilin 1 1.institute of geographical {2. and {3. resources,chinese Academy of {2.,beijing 100101,china 2.institute of Surveying and Mapping,Information Engineering University of the chinese People’s Liberation Army,Zhengzhou 450052.china chinese Academy of sciences Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Beijing China Information Engineering University of the chinese People’s Liberation Army Institute of Surveying and Mapping Zhengzhou China

After having analyzed the requirement on the aerodynamic earth’s surface rough- ness in two-dimensional distribution in the research field of interaction between land surface and atmosphere, this paper presents a new way to calculate the aerodynamic roughness using the earth’s surface geometric roughness retrieved from SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) and TM thermal infrared image data. On the one hand, the SPM (Small Perturbation Model) was used as a theoretical SAR backscattering model to describe the relationship between the SAR back- scattering coefficient and the earth’s surface geometric roughness and its dielectric constant re- trieved from the physical model between the soil thermal inertia and the soil surface moisture with the simultaneous TM thermal infrared image data and the ground microclimate data. On the basis of the SAR image matching with the TM image, the non-volume scattering surface geo- metric information was obtained from the SPM model at the TM image pixel scale, and the ground pixel surface’s equivalent geometric roughness—height standard RMS (Root Mean Square) was achieved from the geometric information by the transformation of the typical to- pographic factors. The vegetation (wheat, tree) height retrieved from spectrum model was also transferred into its equivalent geometric roughness. A completely two-dimensional distribution map of the equivalent geometric roughness over the experimental area was produced by the data mosaic technique. On the other hand, according to the atmospheric eddy currents theory, the aerodynamic surface roughness was iterated out with the atmosphere stability correction method using the wind and the temperature profiles data measured at several typical fields such as bare soil field and vegetation field. After having analyzed the effect of surface equivalent geo- metric roughness together with dynamic and thermodynamic factors on the aerodynamic surface roughness within the working area, this paper first establishe

关键词： surface geometric roughness, aerodynamic surface roughness, SAR backscattering model, moisture retrieval model, roughness transformation model.

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Soil erosion and management on the Loess Plateau

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Journal of geographical sciences 2001年第1期11卷 53-70页

作者： CAI Qiang-guo (institute of Geographic sciences and {2. {3. research, CAS, beijing 100101, china) institute of Geographic sciences and {2. {3. research CAS Beijing China

The Loess Plateau is well known to the world for its intense soil erosion. The root cause for river sedimentation of Yellow River (Huanghe) and its resultant “hanging river” in certain section is soil and water loss on the Loess Plateau. The Loess Plateau has a long cultivation history, hence population growth, vegetation degeneration and plugging constitute the chief reason for serious soil and water loss on Loess Plateau. This paper analyses several successful cases and failures in soil conservation, presents practical soil conservation technique and related benefit analysis, and discusses some effective methods adopted in china in soil erosion control, research directions and future perspectives on Loess Plateau.

关键词： soil erosion control technique management Loess Plateau

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The species diversity of fusulinaceans and high-frequency sea-level changes in the Carboniferous-Permian boundary section at Xikou, Zhen'an County,Shaanxi Province, china

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Science china Earth sciences 2006年第7期49卷 673-683页

作者： ZHANG Haijun1, WANG Xunlian2. DING Lin1, XIA Guoying3.& WANG Lei2.1. institute of Tibetan Plateau {2., chinese Academy of {3., beijing 100085, china 2. Faculty of Earth {3. and Mineral resources, china University of Geo{3., beijing 100083. china 3. Tianjin institute of Geology and Mineral resources, Tianjin 3.0170, china institute of Tibetan Plateau research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Faculty of Earth sciences and Mineral resources China University of Geosciences Beijing China Tianjin institute of Geology and Mineral resources Tianjin China

The study on the interrelation between sea-level changes and biodiversity with its evolu-tion has great significance for understanding the impact of global changes on organic evolution and exploring the inherent laws of life-environment coevolution in geological history. In this paper, the stratigraphic distribution of fusulinacean fauna in the Carboniferous-Permian boundary section at Xikou, Zhen’an County, Shaanxi Province, is analyzed quantitatively, and the relationship between the species diversity of fusulinaceans and relative sea-level changes is discussed. As a whole, the spe-cies numbers of fusulinacean fauna experience a rapid increase and an obvious decline in Xikou, Zhen’an County, from the Late Carboniferous to the Early Permian. There is a significant increase in species diversity around the Carboniferous-Permian boundary, which is one of the biggest bio-events of the fusulinacean fauna, and represents the radiation of Pseudoschwagerininae subfamily in the studied area. Integrated fusulinacean species diversity into sequence stratigraphic framework, de-tailed study suggests that the species diversity of the fusulinaceans is closely related to its relative stratigraphic location, and is essentially controlled by the sea-level changes, especially by the high-frequency sea-level changes. Generally, the species diversity of fusulinaceans is low, and the number of first and last appearance datum is small in the lower unit of high-frequency depositional cycle formed during the quick rise of the sea level; whereas the species diversity of fusulinaceans is high, and the number of first and last appearance datum is large in the upper unit of high-frequency cycle formed during the slow fall of the sea level. Within the third-order depositional sequence, the species diversity of the fusulinaceans at the first flooding surfaces and the maximum flooding surfaces is low, and it increases upward. The fusulinacean species diversity is low within the transgressive syst

关键词： fusulinaceans, species diversity, high-frequency cyclothem, sequence stratigraphy, sea-level changes, Carboniferous-Permian boundary, Zhen'an, Shaanxi.

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Spectral analysis of quasi-stationary sea surface topography from GRACE mission

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Science china Earth sciences 2005年第11期48卷 2040-2048页

作者： ZHANG Zizhan1,2.& LU Yang1,3.1. institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, {2. Academy of sciences, Wuhan 43.077,{3. 2. Graduate School of the {2. Academy of sciences, beijing 10003.,{3. 3. Unite Center for Astro-geodymics {12., {2. Academy of sciences, Shanghai 2.003.,{3. institute of Geodesy and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan China Graduate School of the chinese Academy of sciences Beijing China Unite Center for Astro-geodymics research Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China

During the last two decades satellite altimetry has offered an abundance of meas-urements of the sea surface resulting in the improvement of global mean sea surface height (MSSH) and marine geoid determination. On the other hand, with the launching of new genera-tion gravity satellites, some high accuracy long-wavelength gravity models are available. These breakthroughs give us a great opportunity for new estimation of quasi-stationary sea surface topography (QSST). In this paper, the new gravity model GGM01C derived from GRACE mission is briefly presented, and a new global high precision and high-resolution QSST is determined based on the GGM01C model and the global MSSH. The spectral features of the QSST esti-mated by GGM01C and EGM96 gravity model to degree/order 2.0 are discussed by spectral analysis. As a result, the QSST is mainly composed of long waves, medium waves partially and short waves scarcely, its power spectral structures are different between the zonal direction and the meridional direction, there are great differences between the two models, which maybe ex-plain why the ocean currents derived from the two gravity models by Tapley show different pat-terns.

关键词： quasi-stationary sea surface topography, mean sea surface height, GGM01, fast Fourier transform, spectral analysis

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PLS path model building:A multivariate approach to land price studies-A case study in beijing

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Progress in natural Science:Materials International 2009年第11期19卷 1643-1649页

作者： Wenjie Wu~(a,b),Wenzhong Zhang~(a,*) a institute of Geographic sciences and {2. {3. research,CAS,beijing 100101,china b Graduate University of chinese Academy of sciences,beijing 100049,china institute of Geographic sciences and {2. {3. research CAS Beijing 100101 China Graduate University of chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China

Previous studies have revealed that statistical methods can be used to analyze land-leasing parcel ***,the conventional statistical methods used in land analysis have some limitations,especially in cases of limited observational *** this paper,with the help of geographic information system(GIS) techniques,a partial least squares(PLS) path model is applied to study the relationship between residential land prices and various determinants through a case study of beijing in *** a preliminary analysis,four latent variables are selected:accessibility of the workplace center,livability,traffic,and environment *** results show that the observation variables have a strong explanatory power for their corresponding latent variables,and the four latent variables have varying impacts on residential land *** the latent variables,accessibility to the workplace center has the strongest impact on the residential land price.

关键词： Land PLS path model GIS beijing

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Impacts of the Wenchuan Earthquake on the Giant Panda Nature Reserves in china

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Journal of Mountain Science 2010年第2期7卷 197-206页

作者： DENG Xiangzheng JIANG Qunou GE Quansheng YANG LinSheng institute of Geographic sciences and {2. {3. research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China Center for chinese Agricultural Policy Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China Graduate University of the chineseAcademy of sciences Beijing 100049 China

The Wenchuan Earthquake that occurred in May of 2.08 caused damages to large areas of Sichuan,Gansu,and Shaanxi provinces in *** from local governments and related management agencies show that the giant panda nature reserves in the earthquake-hit areas were heavily *** estimates in this paper of the impacts of the earthquake on the giant panda in the earthquake-hit areas were made based on the interpretation of remote sensing images and information collected by field survey.A rapid assessment method was designed to estimate the damages of the earthquake on giant panda *** using visual interpretation methods,we decoded the remote sensing images of the disaster area in the 49 giant panda nature *** results showed that the Wenchuan Earthquake and the succeeding secondary geological disasters caused great damages to the giant panda nature reserves and disturbed the normal life of the giant pandas there (e.g.,landscape fragmentation increased significantly).Undoubtedly,the life of the giant pandas there was ***,although the earthquake caused certain impacts on the giant pandas,it did not really threat their *** so,we still strongly advocate for protection of the giant pandas,and have prioritized a couple of measures to be taken to restore the giant panda nature reserves in the earthquake-hit areas.

关键词： Wenchuan earthquake Remote sensing Giant panda Giant panda nature reserve Rapid assessment method

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Interannual variability of Antarctic Oscillation and its influence on East Asian climate during boreal winter and spring

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Science china Earth sciences 2006年第5期49卷 554-560页

作者： FAN Ke1,2.3.& WANG Huijun2.1. Nansen-Zhu International research Center, {2. of Atmospheric Physics, chinese Academy of {3., beijing 10002., china 2. Department of Atmospheric Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, china 3. Graduate University of the chinese Academy of {3., beijing 100049, china Nansen-Zhu International research Center Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Department of Atmospheric Science Yunnan University Kunming China Graduate University of the chinese Academy of sciences Beijing China

The interannual variability of Antarctic Oscillation (AAO) and its influence on East Asian climate during both boreal winter and spring are addressed. The results show that the positive AAO anomaly decreases the cold activity over East Asia during both boreal winter and spring. AAO-related barotropic meridional teleconnection from Antarctic to Arctic is found through analysis of mean me- ridional circulations. This meridional teleconnection is remarkable over Eurasia during boreal winter and over the Pacific Ocean during boreal spring. The results also show that zonal mean zonal wind at high latitudes in Southern Hemisphere has well positive correlation with that of Eurasia during boreal winter and has negative correlation with Pacific North American teleconnection (PNA) during boreal spring, which again display the meridional teleconnection. Thus, local meridional teleconnection is a possible linkage for interaction of circulations at mid-high latitudes between both hemispheres.

关键词： Antarctic Oscillation, Eurasian west wind, meridional teleconnection, mean meridional circulation.

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Continuous wavelet transform and discrete multi-resolution analysis of surface fluxes and atmospheric stability

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Progress in natural Science:Materials International 2006年第4期16卷 403-409页

作者： JIANG Zhaoyang, YU Qiang, WANG Tianduo, SUN Xiaomin and ZHANG Renhua Shanghai institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, chinese Academy of {2., Shanghai 2.003.,{3. institute of Geographic {2. and natural resources research, chinese Academy of {2.,{12.,{3. Shanghai institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China institute of Geographic sciences and {2. {3. research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China

Variations of land surface fluxes of sensible heat (H), latent heat (LE), and CO2.F-CO2. obtained from the eddy-co-variance measurements above a winter wheat field from March 3. to April 2., 2.01 have been studied at scales ranging from 10 minutes to days. Wavelet transform is used in the analysis of land surface fluxes and atmospheric stability (ξ) calculated from the measurements to reveal the changes in land surface fluxes in hours to days scales. The main results are: (1) Concise and compact information about the fluxes, net radiation (Rn), temperature ( T) and ξ in the scale-time domain are extracted from the data by continuous wavelet analysis, and 1 day, 0.5 day and short-period (shorter than 0.5 day) components are revealed. Continuous wavelet coefficients can be used to characterize periodic components of changes in fluxes and ξ. (2. Discrete-time multi-resolution analysis can be used to concentrate total energy variance of time series of the measurements to a small number of coefficients, plotting the relative energy distribution to get several meaningful characteristics of the data. (3. Under neutral atmospheric conditions, the relative energy distributions of the Haar multi-resolution analysis of the three non-dimensional coefficients ( T/T* , q/q * and c/c * ) display clear similarities.

关键词： atmospheric stability flux continuous wavelet transform multi-resolution wavelet analysis.

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Petrogenesis and dating of the Kangding complex,Sichuan Province

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Science china Earth sciences 2005年第5期48卷 622-634页

作者： CHEN Yuelong 1 , LUO Zhaohua 1 , ZHAO Junxiang, LI Zhihong, ZHANG Hongfei & SONG Biao 3.1. Faculty of Earth sciences and {2. resources,{3. University of Geosciences, beijing 100083.{3. 2. Faculty of Earth sciences,{3. University of Geosciences, Wuhan 43.074,{3. 3. beijing SHRIMP Center, institute of Geology, {13. Academy of Geological sciences, beijing 10003.,{3. Faculty of Earth sciences and natural {2. China University of Geosciences Beijing China Faculty of Earth sciences China University of Geosciences Wuhan China beijing SHRIMP Center Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing China

An analysis of major and trace element geochemistry and SHRIMP U-Pb zircon dating of mafic, intermediate, and felsic rocks from the Mianning metamorphic complex of Si- chuan Province was conducted. One of our conclusions is that a majority of the zircons crystal- lized between 72. and 773.Ma in a magmatic regime. The complexes contain early to late Pa- leo-proterozoic relict zircons from ancient continental crust. The oldest age, 2.68 Ma, may rep- resent the basement of the Yangtze block. Overgrowth zircon rims and palingenetic zircons have been observed and dated, and are believed to have formed after crystallization, during Paleozoic and Mesozoic metamorphic-anatexis. We also conclude that depletion of Nb, Ta, HREE, in a spider-diagram normalized to primitive mantle and calc-alkaline association, implies that they formed in island-arc or under-plating settings.

关键词： Kangding complex, zircons, SHRIMP, tectonic setting.

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Reconstructing mean maximum temperature of growing season from the maximum density of the Schrenk Spruce in Yili,Xinjiang,china

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chinese Science Bulletin 2009年第13期54卷 2300-2308页

作者： CHEN Jin1,2.3.WANG LiLi1,4,5,ZHU HaiFeng1 & WU Pu1 1 institute of Geographic {2. and natural {3. research,chinese Academy of {2.,beijing 100101,china 2.Graduate University of chinese Academy of {2.,beijing 100049,china 3.institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology,chinese Academy of {2.,beijing 100044,china 4 institute of Tibetan Plateau research,chinese Academy of {2.,beijing 100085,china 5 institute of Desert and Meteorology,china Meteorological Administration,ürümqi 83.002.china institute of Geographic sciences and {2. {3. research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Graduate University of chinese Academy of sciences Beijing China institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China institute of Tibetan Plateau research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China institute of Desert and Meteorology China Meteorological Administration Ürümqi China

To study the historical temperature variation in Yili of Xinjiang,the tree-ring chronologies of maximum density(MXD) and tree-ring width(TRW) were established with the Schrenk Spruce(Picea schrenkiana *** Mey) collected from six sites to analyze the characteristics and ability of response to climate *** results suggest that the MXD chronology of the Schrenk Spruce from different sampling sites responded to climate change well and were positively correlated with the mean maximum temperature and the mean temperature from April to August in the study *** mean maximum temperature anomaly from April to August,spanning the years from 1848 to 2.00,was reconstructed by three MXD chronologies which were selected by stepwise *** reconstructed function was stable and explained 56.2. of the *** reconstructed results indicated a cold span of 153.years in spring and summer from the beginning of the 1950s to the beginning of the 1970s in the Yili *** strongly increasing tendency was detected in the mean maximum temperature anomaly from April to August during this reconstructed period.

关键词：平均最高气温伊犁谷地最大密度云杉胡杨生长季节新疆树木年轮宽度

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