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Phylogenetic analysis of Toxicodendron(Anacardiaceae) and its biogeographic implications on the evolution of north temperate and tropical intercontinental disjunctions

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2009年第5期47卷 416-430页

作者： 1,2Ze-Long NIE 1Hang SUN 1Ying MENG 1,3.4Jun WEN 1(Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography,Kunming institute of botany,chinese {3. of sciences,Kunming 650204,china) 2(Graduate School of chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100049,china) 3.Department of botany,National Museum of Natural History,Smithsonian Institution,Washington,DC 20013.7012,USA) 4(Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary botany,institute of botany,chinese {3. of sciences,beijing 100093.china) (Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650204 China) (Graduate School of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China) (Department of botany National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution Washington DC 20013-7012 USA) (Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary botany Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China)

Toxicodendron is a genus in the Rhus complex of Anacardiaceae with a disjunct distribution between eastern Asia and North America,extending to southeastern Asia and the ***(internal transcribed spacer,external transcribed spacer,and NIA-i3. and chloroplast(ndhF and trnL-F) sequences were used to construct phylogenetic relationships of *** analysis of these data strongly support Toxicodendron as a monophyletic group distinct from other genera of the Rhus complex,and the phylogeny does not fully corroborate classification at the sectional *** temperate disjunct lineages were detected,one from section Toxicodendron and the other between the eastern North American Toxicodendron vernix and the eastern Asian Toxicodendron *** divergence times were estimated to be 13.46(7.95-19.42) and 7.53.2.76-12.86) mya,*** disjunction between section Griffithii(taxa from warm temperate to tropical Asia) and Toxicodendron striatum(from the neotropics) was supported and their divergence time was estimated to be 20.84(11.16-3..52) mya in the early *** biogeographic results and the paleontological data support the Bering land bridge as the most likely route to explain the temperate disjunctions,yet the tropical disjunction in Toxicodendron seems to be best explained by the North Atlantic land bridge hypothesis.

关键词： Anacardiaceae biogeography disjunction eastern Asia neotropics North America phylogenetics Toxicodendron.

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Terrestrial transect study on driving mechanism of vegetation changes

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Science china Earth sciences 2008年第7期51卷 984-991页

作者： ZHANG YuJin1,2 & ZHOU GuangSheng1 1 State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, institute of botany, chinese academy of sciences,{3. 2 Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100049, china State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing China

In terms of chinese climate-vegetation model based on the classification of plant functional types, to- gether with climatic data from 1951 to 1980 and two future climatic scenarios (SRES-A2 and SRES-B2) in china from the highest and the lowest emission scenarios of greenhouse gases, the distribution patterns of vegetation types and their changes along the Northeast china Transect (NECT) and the North-South Transect of Eastern china (NSTEC) were simulated in order to understand the driving mechanisms of vegetation changes under climatic change. The results indicated that the vegetation distribution patterns would change significantly under future climate, and the major factors driving the vegetation changes were water and heat. However, the responses of various vegetation types to the changes in water and heat factors were obviously different. The vegetation changes were more sensi- tive to heat factors than to water factors. Thus, in the future climate warming will significantly affect vegetation distribution patterns.

关键词： driving mechanism vegetation terrestrial transect climatic change plant functional types

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Present status and development on biological nitrogen fixation research in china

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chinese Science Bulletin 2003年第10期48卷 954-960页

作者： SHEN Shihua & JING Yuxiang Key Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Plant-Environment MolecularPhysiology, institute of botany, chinese academy of sciences,{3. Key Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Plant-Environment Molecular Physiology Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China

This presentation introduces the advances inbiological nitrogen fixation research abroad, in particular,describes the great progress and achievements on itsresearch in china as follows: collection of rhizobial resources and establishment of the largest database of Rhizobium inchina, correction and development of Rhizobium taxonomy in international; discovery of a couple of nif genes,identification and unification of linkage among the nif gene operons of Klebsiella pneumoniae, finding of regulative mechanism of positive regulation nif gene and its sensitivity to oxygen, temperature; finding of the activity of nodulation gene nodD3.product in Sinorhizobium meliloti which is notcontrolled by flavonoid produced from its host alfalfa;finding of the association between expression of genes coding the products for carbon utilization and nitrogen metabolism and their regulations; chemical synthesis of nodulationfactor of Sinorhizobium meliloti; constructions of engineered nitrogen fixers and utilization in practice based on theresearch of gene expression and regulation; chemicalsimulation of the structure and function of nitrogenase and bringing forward the model of nitrogenase active center for the first time in international and synthesis of modelcompounds which were paid attention by colleagues abroad. Finally, the development of nitrogen fixation research inchina in future has been put forward, suggesting that the nifgene regulation and its role in providing crops with nitrogen element, signal transduction and molecular interactions between Rhizobium and legume, coupling between carbonand nitrogen metabolisms, nitrogen fixation andphotosynthesis, and functional genomics of nitrogen-fixing nodule symbiosis, etc., would be actively worked on.

关键词：现状发展生物固氮技术中国固氮酶基因表达微生物植物相互作用化学模型

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Relative importance of water, energy, and heterogeneity in determining regional pteridophyte and seed plant richness in china

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2011年第2期49卷 95-107页

作者： 1,2,3.Sheng-Bin CHEN § 1 Gao-Ming JIANG 3.Zhi-Yun OUYANG 3.Wei-Hua XU 3.Yi XIAO 1 (State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, institute of botany, chinese academy of sciences,{3.) 2 (Graduate University of the chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100049, china) 3.(State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental sciences, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100085, china) (State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China) (Graduate University of the chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China) (State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China)

Environmental variables, such as ambient energy, water availability, and environmental heterogeneity have been frequently proposed to account for species diversity gradients. How taxon-specific functional traits define large-scale richness gradients is a fundamental issue in understanding spatial patterns of species diversity, but has not been well documented. Using a large dataset on the regional flora from china, we examine the contrast spatial patterns and environmental determinants between pteridophytes and seed plants which differ in dispersal capacity and environmental requirements. Pteridophyte richness shows more pronounced spatial variation and stronger environmental associations than seed plant richness. Water availability generally accounts for more spatial variance in species richness of pteridophytes and seed plants than energy and heterogeneity do, especially for pteridophytes which have high dependence on moist and shady environments. Thus, pteridophyte richness is disproportionally affected by water-related variables; this in turn results in a higher proportion of pteridophytes in regional vascular plant floras (pteridophyte proportion) in wet regions. Most of the variance in seed plant richness, pteridophyte richness, and pteridophyte proportion explained by energy is included in variation that water and heterogeneity account for, indicating the redundancy of energy in the study extent. However, heterogeneity is more important for determining seed plant distributions. Pteridophyte and seed plant richness is strongly correlated, even after the environmental effects have been removed, implying functional linkages between them. Our study highlights the importance of incorporating biological traits of different taxonomic groups into the studies of macroecology and global change biology.

关键词： habitat heterogeneity pteridophytes seed plants species richness water-energy hypothesis.

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New universal matK primers for DNA barcoding angiosperms

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2011年第3期49卷 176-181页

作者： 1,2Jing YU 1Jian-Hua XUE 1Shi-Liang ZHOU* 1(State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary botany,institute of botany,{3. academy of sciences,beijing 100093.china) 2(Graduate University of the chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100049,china) (State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary botany Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China) (Graduate University of the chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China)

The chloroplast maturase K gene(matK) is one of the most variable coding genes of angiosperms and has been suggested to be a "barcode" for land ***,matK exhibits low amplification and sequencing rates due to low universality of currently available primers and mononucleotide *** resolve these technical problems,we evaluated the entire matK region to find a region of 600-800 bp that is highly variable,represents the best of all matK regions with priming sites conservative enough to design universal primers,and avoids the mononucleotide *** careful evaluation,a region in the middle was chosen and a pair of primers named matK472F and matK1248R was designed to amplify and sequence the matK fragment of approximately 776 *** region encompasses the most variable sites,represents the entire matK region best,and also exhibits high amplification rates and quality of *** universality of this primer pair was tested using 58 species from 47 families of angiosperm *** primers showed a strong amplification(93.1%) and sequencing(92.6%) successes in the species *** propose that the new primers will solve,in part,the problems encountered when using matK and promote the adoption of matK as a DNA barcode for angiosperms.

关键词： angiosperm DNA barcoding matK primer.

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A new species of Leptocycas (Zamiaceae) from the Upper Triassic sediments of Liaoning Province,china

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2010年第4期48卷 286-301页

作者： 1,2,3.ian-Wei ZHANG 2Jian-Xin YAO 1Jia-Rui CHEN 1Cheng-Sen LI 1(State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary botany,institute of botany,{3. academy of sciences,beijing 100093.china) 2(State Key Laboratory of Stratigraphy and Paleontology,institute of Geology,{3. academy of Geological sciences,beijing 10003.,china) 3.Graduate University,{3. academy of sciences,beijing 100049,china) (State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary botany Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China) (State Key Laboratory of Stratigraphy and Paleontology Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100037 China) (Graduate University Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China)

A new cycad,Leptocycas yangcaogouensis ***.,was found in sediments from the Late Triassic in western Liaoning,*** pinnately compound leaves(Pseudoctenis type)are screwed in a crown on the stem *** leaflets are linear,with parallel veins and decurrent bases on the *** leaf bases are *** cataphylls intermix with the *** female cone is ovoid in *** characteristics of the new plant are more similar to those of Leptocycas gracilis,a Triassic cycad from North America,but the new species differs from *** in the size of its stem(7–8 vs.3.5 cm in diameter,respectively),leaves(length×width 100×16 vs.3.×7 cm,respectively)and leaf density along the stem(4–6 vs.1–2 bases/1 cm length,respectively).Both *** and ***,having leaves of the Pseudoctenis type,show a closer relationship to the extant Dioon of *** present study provides evidence for the origin of the genus Dioon,which may have come from Leptocycas plants of the *** would be assumed that the extent cycads in Zamiaceae originate from the pteridosperms in the Late Paleozoic and have evolved through the stage of *** and *** in Late Triassic,and reaching the extant Dioon.

关键词： china Cycadales Leptocycas Upper Triassic Zamiaceae

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Discovery of immune related factors in Fenneropenaeus chinensis by annotation of ESTs

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2004年第1期14卷 48-55页

作者： SHEN Yaoqing 1,2 , XIANG Jianhai 1*, WANG Bing 1,2 , LI Fuhua 1 and TONG Wei 3.1. Experimental Marine Biology Laboratory, institute of Oceanology, chinese academy of sciences, Qingdao 266071,china 2. Graduate School of the chinese academy of sciences, beijing 10003., china 3. Genomics & Bioinformatics institute, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 1013.0, china) chinese Acad Sci Inst Oceanol Expt Marine Biol Lab Qingdao 266071 Peoples R China chinese Acad Sci Grad Sch Beijing 100039 Peoples R China chinese Acad Sci Geonom & Bioinformat Inst Beijing 101300 Peoples R China

A total of 10446 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) are obtained by a large scale sequencing of a cDNA library from cephalothorax of adult Fenneropenaeus chinensis . An EST analysis platform was built up based on local computers and bioinformatic techniques were used to annotate these ESTs in order to promptly find possible functional genes, especially for immune related factors. About 4% of the ESTs show similarity to the coding sequences of such factors, including lectin, serine protease, serpin, lysozyme, etc. These ESTs provide a partial profile of the immune system in F. chinensis and useful information for further study on these genes.

关键词： Fenneropenaeus chinensis bioinformatics ESTs immune factors

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Forcing mechanism of the Pleistocene east Asian monsoon variations in a phase perspective

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Science china Earth sciences 2005年第10期48卷 1708-1717页

作者： TIAN Jun1,2, WANG Pinxian1, CHENG Xinrong1, WANG Rujian1 & SUN Xiangjun1,3.1. State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, china 2. institute of Geology and Geophysics, chinese academy of sciences, {3. 100029, china 3. institute of botany, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100093. china Tongji University chinese academy of sciences

The deep sea records from the ODP Sites 1143.and 1144 in the northern and southern South china Sea (SCS), including foraminiferal δ 18O and δ 13., Opal% and pollen percentage, reveal that the variations of the east Asian monsoon have been closely correlated with the variations of the Earth’s orbital parameters (eccentricity, obliquity and precession) and the global ice volume on orbital scale. All the monsoonal proxies show strong 100 ka, 41 ka and 23.ka cycles. Although G. ruber δ 13. of Site 1143.is coherent with the ETP (ETP= normalized (eccentricity + obliquity-precession) at eccentricity, obliquity and precession bands, most of the coherent relationship focuses on the precession band, and the other monsoonal proxies are coherent with the ETP only at the precession band, which indicate that precession dominates the Pleistocene tropical climate changes. The phase relationship of the monsoonal proxies with the foraminiferal δ 18O implies that the global ice volume changes have played a significant role in modulating the east Asian monsoon climate, at least dominating the winter monsoon. This forcing mechanism of the east Asian monsoon is apparently different from that of the Indian ocean mon-soon. The variations of the east Asian monsoon at the precession band, at least that of the winter monsoon, have been controlled not only by the sensible heating but also by the latent heating of the surface water in the South china Sea.

关键词： South china Sea, ODP, east Asian monsoon, orbital forcing, global ice volume.

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Morphological characteristics of leaf epidermis and size variation of leaf,flower and fruit in different ploidy levels in Buddleja macrostachya (Buddlejaceae)

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2009年第3期47卷 231-236页

作者： 1,2Gao CHEN 1Wei-Bang SUN 3.ang SUN 1(Kunming Botanical Garden, Kunming institute of botany, chinese academy of sciences, Kunming 650204, {3.) 2(Graduate School of chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100049, {3.) 3.Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography, Kunming institute of botany, chinese academy of sciences, Kunming 650204, {3.) (Kunming Botanical Garden Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650204 China) (Graduate School of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China) (Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650204 China)

Buddleja macrostachya (Buddlejaceae) is a widespread shrub native to the Sino-Himalayan mountains and beyond. It has been found to occur at two ploidy levels, hexaploid, 2n=6x=114 and dodecaploid, 2n=12x=228. To determine if morphological characters might be used as indicators of ploidy levels, we measured floral and fruit length, relative and absolute leaf size, trichome density on both leaf surfaces, and stomatal density and length in different populations of B. macrostachya. In general, flower and fruit length, absolute leaf size, and stomatal length increased with an increase at ploidy level (P0.05) in different populations. Other characters studied such as trichome type, cuticular membrane and ornamentation of stomata, cell and stomatal shape, and anticlinal wall pattern were quite constant in this species. Thus it appears that flower and fruit length, absolute leaf size, and stomatal frequency and length can be used to distinguish hexaploid from dodecaploid cytotypes either in the fleld or in herbarium specimens.

关键词： Buddleja macrostachya dodecaploid hexaploid leaf epidermis ploidy level stomata.

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MODELLING AND NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS OF A GAUGE PERIODIC TIME DEPENDENT GINZBURG-LANDAU MODEL FOR TYPE-Ⅱ SUPERCONDUCTORS

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Journal of Computational Mathematics 1997年第4期15卷 365-384页

作者： Zhi-ming Chen (institute of Mathematics, chinese academy of sciences, beijing, {3.) 中科院数学所北京

In this paper we seek the solutions of the time dependent Ginzburg-Landau model for type-Ⅱ superconductors such that the associated physical observables are spatially periodic with respect to some lattice whose basic lattice cell is not necessarily rectangular. After appropriately foring the gange, the model can be formulated as a system of nonlinear parabolic partial differential equations with quasi-periodic boundary conditions. We first give some results concerning the existence, uniqueness and regularity of solutions and then we propose a semiimplicit finite element scheme solving the system of nonlinear partial dmerential equations and show the optimal error estimates both in the L2 and energy *** also report on some numerical results at the end of the paper.

关键词： Math QT MODELLING AND NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS OF A GAUGE PERIODIC TIME DEPENDENT GINZBURG-LANDAU MODEL FOR TYPE SUPERCONDUCTORS

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