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Present geotemperature and its suggestion to natural gas generation in Xujiaweizi fault-depression of the northern Songliao Basin

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S1期51卷 207-220页

作者： ZHOU QingHua 1,2.,FENG ZiHui 3.&MEN GuangTian 3.1 {2. Institute of Petroleum exploration and development,Petro{3.,Beijing 100083.{3. 2.Geological Logging Subcompany of daqing Oil Field Company Ltd.,daqing 163.11,{3. 3.{2. Institute of Petroleum exploration and development of daqing Oil field Company Ltd.,daqing 163.3.,{3. research Institute of Petroleum exploration and {2. PetroChina Beijing China Geological Logging Subcompany of daqing Oil Field Company Ltd. Daqing China research Institute of Petroleum exploration and {2. of {3. Oil field Company Ltd. Daqing China

According to stastistic of present geotemperatures at the depths of 1000,2.00,3.00 and 4000 m,respectively in the Xujiaweizi fault-depression of the north Songliao Basin,the result indicates that Xujiaweizi fault-depression falls in the high geotemperature area,with the higher geothermal gradient in the depression layer than that in the fault-depression *** geothermal gradient decreases with the increasing of the *** thermal conductivity of rock greatly controls the geothermal *** main factors constraining the current geotemperature include thermal configuration of the earth's crust, deep faults,distribution and abundance of *** high geotemperature is in favour of generation of deep gas.

关键词： Xujiaweizi fault-depression geotemperature geothermal gradient thermal conductivity of rock deep layer natural gas

Timing and history of marine hydrocarbon accumulation in Tarim craton

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2002年第S1期47卷 120-127页

作者： ZHAO Jingzhou~(1,2. & LI Qiming~3.1. Department of Petroleum Geology, Xi’an Petroleum Institute, Xi’an 710065, china 2. {2. Institute of Petroleum exploration and {3., Petrochina, Beijing 100083. china 3. Tarim oilfield Company, Kuerle, Xinjiang 841000, china Department of Petroleum Geology Xi’an Petroleum Institute Xi’an China research Institute of Petroleum exploration and {2. PetroChina Beijing China Tarim oilfield Company Kuerle Xinjiang China

Based on the analyses of hydrocarbon inclu-sions, K-Ar dating of authigenic illites and oil/gas-watercontact retrospection as well as other methods, the marineprimary reservoirs in the cratonic region of the Tarim Basinare found to have been formed in the late Caledonian toearly Hercynian, late Hercynian, and Himalayan, and oil andgas adjusted and redistributed in the Yanshanian (Jurassic toCretaceous) and Himalayan (Tertiary). The analyses alsoshow that the remaining primary oil accumulations aremostly formed in the late Hercynian, and the secondary oilreservoirs resulted from the adjustment and redistribution ofthe earlier accumulations during the Yanshanian and Hima-layan (especially late Himalayan), of which the Himalayan isalso the major stage of gas accumulation. The primary oilreservoirs formed in the late Hercynian mostly occur withinthe Paleozoic formation, whereas the secondary reservoirsformed in the Himalayan in the Mesozoic. The late adjust-ment and redistribution of reservoirs in the craton region ofthe Tarim Basin is ubiquitous because of the intensified tec-tonic movements since the Mesozoic, especially Cenozoic andintrusion of the high- to over-mature gas. Furthermore, thelower amplitude of reservoirs in the craton region also makesthem easier to be adjusted and redistributed. Therefore, theremaining paleo-uplift and palaeo-slope developed in rela-tively stable tectonic regions are the main potential areas forthe middle-large marine reservoirs in the Tarim Basin.

关键词： Tarim Basin craton geochronology of hydrocarbon accumulation history of hydrocarbon accumulation marine reservoir primary reservoir secondary reservoir.

Detection of water in petroleum inclusions and its implications

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Science Bulletin 2006年第12期51卷 1501-1507页

作者： CAO Jian1, YAO Suping1, HU Wenxuan1, ZHANG Yijie2. WANG Xulong3. ZHANG Yueqian3.& TANG Yong3.1. State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposit research, Department of Earth Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 2.0093. china 2. research Institute of {3. and development, Petrochina, Bei- jing 100083. china 3. research Institute of {3. and development, Xinjiang oilfield Company, Petrochina, Karamay 83.000, china State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposit research Department of Earth Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing China research Institute of exploration and {2. PetroChina Beijing China research Institute of exploration and {2. Xinjiang Oilfield Company PetroChina Karamay China

FTIR spectra of inclusions sampled from fault-zone reservoirs of the northwestern Junggar Basin show that water, with different abundances, does exist in petroleum inclusions. It is thus implied that petroleum inclusions can seldom form without water. Different inclusions hosted in one single grain, and formed in one oil charging phase, have a largely varied ratio of water to oil and slightly changed CH3.CH2.ratio. This likely provides evidence for fault-related episodic migration and accumulation of hydrocarbons.

关键词： water in petroleum inclusions forming mechanism of inclusions episodic migration and accumulation of hydrocarbons FTIR microspectroscopy Junggar Basin.

Quantitative studies of hydrocarbon loss of the Silurian bitumen sandstone in the Tarim Basin

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S2期51卷 101-107页

作者： JIANG ZhenXue1,2.PANG XiongQi1,2.LIU LuoFu1,2.WANG XianDong3.ZHANG Jun4 & LI HongYi1,2.1 Basin and Reservoir research Center,{2. University of Petroleum,Beijing 102.49,{2. 2.State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resource and Prospecting,{2. University of Petroleum,Beijing 102.49,{2. 3.research Institute of exploration and development,daqing oilfield Company Ltd,daqing 163.12.{2. 4 Petroleum exploration and Production Institute of SINOPEC,Beijing 100083.{2. Basin and Reservoir research Center China University of Petroleum Beijing China State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resource and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing China research Institute of exploration and {2. Daqing Oilfield Company Ltd Daqing China Petroleum exploration and Production Institute of SINOPEC Beijing China

The evolution of Tarim Basin experienced several tectonic movements,of which Caledonian movement caused a serious damage to reservoirs of Silurian. The earlier reservoirs size and the later hydrocarbon loss are two key factors to exploration prospect of Silurian. On the basis of net thickness of bituminous sandstone and recovery coefficient of crude oil converting to bitumen,the scale of the hydrocarbon loss of palaeo-accumulation in bitumen sandstone of Silurian was calculated (86.3.×108t). The deter-mination of net thickness of bitumen sandstone was completed mainly by several methods,such as physical property demarcation,observing lithology,grains with oil inclusion (GOI) technology,and quantitative grains fluorescence (QGF) technology. The samples of black sandstone and white sand-stone were collected and compared by means of the methods mentioned above. The results showed that there was little hydrocarbon,or none,in the white sandstone. The recovery coefficient was ob-tained by the analyses of plentiful physical parameters of crude oil and bitumen sandstone,based on the hypothesis that nonhydrocarbon compounds and bitumen were invariable in the process of bitu-men forming. The calculated result,which is more scientific and actual,indicates the exploration pros-pect is more promising in Silurian of the Tarim Basin.

关键词： Tarim Basin Silurian bitumen sandstone hydrocarbon loss quantitative research recovery coefficient

Two conceptual models of displacement transfer and examples

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第7期48卷 900-911页

作者： GUAN Shuwei1,2. WANG Xin2. YANG Shufeng2. HE Dengfa1 & ZHAO Weidong3.1. research Institute of Petroleum {2. and development, Beijing 100083. {3. 2. Department of Geosciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 3.002., {3. 3. Tarim oilfield Company, Korla 841000, {3. research Institute of Petroleum exploration and {2. Beijing 100083 China Department of Geosciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China Tarim oilfield Company Korla 841000 China

This paper presents two conceptual models of displacement transfer, reverse sym- metry model and infinitely equal division model, based on the fault-bend folding theory. If the fault shape is held constant in the trend, then the distribution of slip magnitude, geometry of imbricate structures and its axial surface map all display reverse symmetry on the process of displacement transfer, as called reverse symmetry model in this paper. However, if the ramp height of thrust fault decreases gradually along its strike, the displacement is postulated to be equally and infinitely divided to every thrust that is formed subsequently, this kinematic process is described using infinitely equal division model. In both models, displacement transfer is characterized by the regular changes of imbricate thrusting in the trend. Geometric analysis indicates that the displacement transfer grads can be estimated using the tangent of deflective angle of hinterland structures. Displacement transfer is often responsible for the distortion and branching of the surface anticlines, especially in the region where the multi-level detachment structures is developed. We also present some examples from the frontal structures of the Southern Tianshan fold-and-thrust belt, Xinjiang, china. Displacement transfer between deep imbricate thrusts in the middle segment of Qiulitag anticline zone causes the Kuqatawu and Southern Qiulitag deep an- ticlines left-lateral echelon. The region, where these two deep anticlines overlap, is characterized by duplex structures, and extends about 18 km. The shallow anticline is migrated southward displaying obvious “S” form in this area.

关键词： displacement transfer fault-bend folding reverse symmetry model infinitely equal division model Qiulitag zone.

Isotopic compositions of small shelly fossil Anabarites from Lower Cambrian in Yangtze Platform of South china: Implications for palaeocean temperature

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2007年第10期17卷 1185-1191页

作者： Chen Yongquan1,2. Jiang Shaoyong1, Ling Hongfei1, Yang Jinghong1 and Wan Defan3.1. State Key Laboatory for Mineral Deposits research and Center for Marine Geochemistry research, Department of Earth Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 2.0093. china 2. Tarim {3. Company exploration & development research Institute, Ku’erle 841000, china 3. Institute of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 10003., china) State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits research Department of Earth Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China exploration and development {2. Institute Tarim Oilfield Company Ku'erle 841000 China Institute of Mineral Resources Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100037 China

Anabarites belong to small shelly fossils (SSF), which occur widely in the Lower Cambrian strata of Yangtze Platform in South china. They are phosphate shell in composition and represent the earliest stage of the Cambrian bioradiation of Bilateria, the so-called "Cambrian Explosion". In this study, we attempted to separate Anabarites fossils from Lower Cambrian dolostones, and we obtained samples of both the fossils (SSF) and the granular phosphates (GP). Isotopic analyses were performed on samples of SSF, GP, and matrix dolostone (DH-2.1}. The results showed that the δ3.Si values of the quartz filling in fossils celoms, and the siliceous materials in granular phosphates are -0.6‰ and -0.7‰, which is different from normal sedimentary siliceous rocks from the Lower Cambrian strata (0—0.7‰) as reported by Li et al., but is consistent with the data for siliceous rocks and cherts of submarine hydrothermal origin. It is likely that a later hydrothermal replacement could have taken place in the SSF-bearing sedimentary rocks. The oxygen isotope values of the phosphate of SSF and GP are 16.8‰ and 17.0‰, respectively. These are significantly higher than the Neoproterozoic phosphate ores (10.9‰—13.9‰) as reported by Ling et al., hence, late diagenesis and hydrothermal replacement may not have caused a significant change in the oxygen isotope compositions of the small shelly fossils, and the calculated temperatures (2..4—2..3.) for palaeo-seawater using a SSF phosphate oxygen isotope thermometer are therefore considered here as the upper limit of seawater temperature in the Early Cambrian ocean of the Yangtze Platform.

关键词： Anabarites oxygen isotope silicon isotope paleo-temperature.

Mn content of reservoir calcite cement: A novel inorganic geotracer of secondary petroleum migration in the tectonically complex Junggar Basin (NW china)

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Science china Earth Sciences 2007年第12期50卷 1796-1809页

作者： CAO Jian1,HU WenXuan1,YAO SuPing1,ZHANG YiJie2.WANG XuLong3.ZHANG YueQian3.TANG Yong3.& SHI XinPu3.1 State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposit research,Department of Earth Sciences,Nanjing University,Nanjing 2.0093.china 2.research Institute of {3. and development,Petrochina,Beijing 100083.china 3.research Institute of {3. and development,Petrochina Xinjiang oilfield Company,Karamay 83.000,china State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposit research Department of Earth Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing China research Institute of exploration and {2. PetroChina Beijing China research Institute of exploration and {2. PetroChina Xinjiang Oilfield Company Karamay China

Electronic probe microanalysis(EPMA) results of reservoir calcite cement from fourteen core samples in the Junggar Basin show that Mn-content varies largely between different samples from below the detect limitation to 4.14%,while it displays a generally good correlation with oil-gas ***,therefore,likely indicates that concentration of the Mn-content of the calcite cement has a close rela-tion to the intensity of petroleum fluid charging during hydrocarbon secondary *** order to assess this hypothesis,oxygen and strontium isotopic measurements on sixteen calcite veins host in source sequences were carried out to investigate the feature of the oil-source petroleum *** results imply that during hydrocarbon generation and migration,deep hot fluid has dissolved volcanic minerals interlined between mudstone source *** Mn is a kind of typical trace element enriched in volcanic rocks,it is reasonable to conclude that the petroleum fluid formed in the source sequences would be ***,calcite cements precipitated from such Mn-rich petroleum fluid would be Mn-rich *** to the geologic chromatographic effect during migration along reservoir rocks,the decreasing of the Mn-content of the reservoir calcite cements indicates the migration ***,this novel geotracer was further successfully applied in the study of hydrocarbon migration in the Junggar Basin in combination with organic geochemical analyses during the hydrocarbon *** Mn content of the reservoir calcite cement appears promising as a novel inorganic geotracer for the petroleum *** paper represents a search for novel indicators of secondary petroleum migration in tectonically complex basins based on fundamentals of the reservoir fluid-rock interactions.

关键词： Petroleum migration, inorganic geochemistry, water-rock interaction, reservoir calcite cement, the Junggar Basin

Characteristics of remaining oil viscosity in water-and polymer-flooding reservoirs in daqing oilfield

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Science china Earth Sciences 2010年第12期53卷 72-83页

作者： XU ZhengShun,ZHANG JuHe,FENG ZiHui,FANG Wei & WANG FengLan exploration and development {2. Institute,{3. oilfield Company Ltd.,{3. 163.12.china exploration and development {2. Institute Daqing Oilfield Company Ltd. Daqing China

The experimental analysis of 2. crude oil samples shows a good correlation between high molecular-weight hydrocarbon components (C 40+) and ***-four remaining oil samples extracted from oil sands of oilfield development coring wells were analyzed by high-temperature gas chromatography (HTGC),for the relative abundance of C 2.-,C 2.-C 40 and C 40+ *** relationship between viscosity of crude oil and C 40+ (%) hydrocarbons abundance is used to expect the viscosity of remaining *** mobility characteristics of remaining oil,the properties of remaining oil,and the next displacement methods in reservoirs either water-flooded or polymer-flooded are studied with rock permeability,oil saturation of coring wells,*** experimental results show that the hydrocarbons composition,viscosity,and mobility of remaining oil from both polymer-flooding and water-flooding reservoirs are heterogeneous,especially the *** abundance of C 2.- and C 2.-C 40 hydrocarbons in polymer-flooding reservoirs is lower than that of water-flooding,but with more abundance of C 40+ *** is then suggested that polymer flooding must have driven more C 40- hydrocarbons out of reservoir,which resulted in relatively enriched C 40+,more viscous oils,and poorer *** oil in water-flooding reservoirs is dominated by moderate viscosity oil with some low viscosity oil,while polymer-flooding mainly contained moderate viscosity oil with some high viscosity *** each oilfield and reservoir,displacement methods of remaining oil,viscosity,and concentration by polymer-solution can be adjusted by current viscosity of remaining oil and mobility ratio in a favorable range.A new basis and methods are suggested for the further development and enhanced oil recovery of remaining oil.

关键词： remaining oil viscosity mobility ratio water-flooding polymer-flooding heterogeneity polymer-solution viscosity

Discovery of a Late Permian Angara-Cathaysia mixed flora from Acheng of Heilongjiang,china,with discussions on the closure of the Paleoasian Ocean

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Science china Earth Sciences 2009年第12期52卷 1746-1755页

作者： DENG ShengHui1,2. WAN ChuanBiao3.& YANG JianGuo3.1 {2. Institute of Petroleum exploration and development, Petro{3., Beijing 100083. {3. 2.State Key Laboratory of Enhanced Oil Recovery, Beijing 100083.{3. 3.daqing Institute of Petroleum exploration and development, Petro{3., daqing 164712. {3. research Institute of Petroleum exploration and {2. PetroChina Beijing China State Key Laboratory of Enhanced Oil Recovery Beijing China daqing Institute of Petroleum exploration and {2. PetroChina Daqing China

This work documents a new flora from the Upper Permian Hongshan Formation of Acheng County, Heilongjiang Province, Northwest china. The flora consists of 2. species: Paracalamites sp., Pecopteris tangwangheensis Huang, Callipteris obese Huang, Callipteris shenshuensis Huang, C. tangwangheensis Huang, C. heilongjiangensis Huang, C. zeilleri Zalessky, C. sp., Comia yichunensis Huang, C. tenueaxis Huang, Iniopteris sibirica Zalessky, Supaia teiliensis Huang, Compsopteris tchirkovae Zalessky, C. cf. adzvensis Zalessky, Nilssonia sp. 1, Nil. sp. 2. Taeniopteris cf. densissima Halle, T. cf. nystraemii Halle, T. sp. and Noeggerathiopsis derzavinii Neub. It is dominated by Angara species but mixed with some typical Cathaysian elements. The age of the flora is assigned to late of the Late Permian according to the stratigraphic ranges of the known species and the comparisons of it with the similar floras. The new discovery indicates that the final collision between the North china Plate and Siberian Plate occurred in Late Permian along the Xar Moron River-Changchun-Yanji sutured zone, and the Paleoasian Ocean was finally closed at the end of the Permian.

关键词： Late Permian mixed Angara-Cathaysia flora Paleoasian Ocean plate collision Heilongjiang Province of china