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Status of study on biological and toxicological effects of nanoscale materials

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Science china Chemistry 2005年第5期48卷 385-394页

作者： WANG Bing1, FENG Weiyue1, ZHAO Yuliang1, XING Gengmei1, CHAI Zhifang1, WANG Haifang2.& JIA Guang3.1. Laboratory for Bio-environmental Health Sciences of Nanoscale Materials (Nanosafety Lab), Institute of High Energy Physics, Chi-nese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049,{2. 2. {2. of Chemistry and Molecular {3., Peking University, Beijing 100871,{2. 3. department of Occupational and environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100083.{2. Laboratory for Bio-environmental Health Sciences of Nanoscale Materials (Nanosafety Lab) Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China college of Chemistry and Molecular engineering Peking University Beijing China department of Occupational and environmental Health Sciences School of Public Health Peking University Beijing China

Because the physical and chemical properties of nanosized materials mostly differ from the existing microsized materials, their potential impacts on human health and the envi-ronment will be topics under the serious discussions in press and in a number of international scientific journals. We analyze and summarize the existing data of the experimental study on the biological activities and adverse effects of nanoscale materials/particles including single wall carbon nanotubes, multi wall carbon nanotubes, titanium oxide and iron powders. Though some biological behaviors of nanoscale materials observed cannot be understood on the basis of the current knowledge, as the existing data are mostly preliminary, it is too early to make some ex-clusive conclusions on biological activities (or the toxicity) of any of nanoscale materials. The experimental techniques, the current topics, and the future research directions for this new re-search field are also discussed.

关键词： nanomaterials, single wall carbon nanotubes, multi wall carbon nanotubes, titanium oxide and iron, biological activity and toxicological effect.

Biogas recovery from microwave heated sludge by anaerobic digestion

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2010年第1期53卷 144-149页

作者： QIAO Wei1,WANG Wei2.ZHU CuiPing3.& ZHANG ZhongZhi1 1 college of {2. Science and {2.,{3. University of Petroleum,Beijing 102.49,{3. 2.department of environmental Science and {2.,Tsinghua University,Beijing 10084,{3. 3.J & K china Cleaning Energy Technology Co.Ltd.,Beijing 100085,{3. college of chemical Science and {2. China University of Petroleum Beijing China department of environmental Science and {2. Tsinghua University Beijing China J & K china Cleaning Energy Technology Co. Ltd. Beijing China

Biogas generated from sewage sludge,livestock waste,and food waste by anaerobic digestion is a valuable renewable energy ***,conventional anaerobic digestion is not an efficient process.A long hydraulic retention time and low biogas recovery rate hinder the applications of those *** effective pretreatment method to destroy sludge microbial cells has been one of the major concerns regarding improvement of the biogas *** article focuses on the effects of microwave heating on sludge anaerobic *** suspended solid(VSS) and chemical organic demand solubilization of heated sludge were *** heating was found to be a rapid and efficient process for releasing organic substrates from *** increase of organic dissolution ratio was not obvious when holding time was over 5 min with microwave *** effect of the VSS solubilization was primarily dependent on heating *** highest value of VSS dissolving ratio,3..4%,was obtained at 170°C for 3. *** COD dissolving ratio was about 2.% at 170°*** organic carbon of treated sludge liquor was 1.98 and 2.73.g/L at 150°C and 170°C for 5 min,respectively.A biochemical methane potential(BMP) test of excess sludge and a mixture of primary and excess sludge demonstrated an increase in biogas *** total biogas from microwave treated mixture sludge increased by 12.9% to 2..2. over control after 3. days of *** production was 11.1% to 2..9% higher for excess sludge than for untreated *** VS removal ratios of mixture sludge and excess sludge were 12. and 11% higher,respectively,compared to the untreated sludge.

关键词： biogas recovery microwave heating sludge anaerobic digestion

Preparation of Cyclodextrin-Based Carbonaceous Catalyst and Its Application in the Esterification

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science) 2011年第3期26卷 455-458页

作者：单纯 department of environmental and {2. {3. Shanghai University department of Automation Science Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University

A new carbonaceous catalyst with sulfonic acid group （-SO3.） was prepared by incomplete carbonization of β-cyclodextrin followed by *** sulfonated amorphous carbon was characterized by IR,elemental analysis,DSC-TGA and PXRD,and the catalytic activity was investigated to be an efficient catalyst for the esterification reactions with maximum yield of 87%.The sulfonated carbonaceous catalyst was readily separated from the reaction solution and keeps approximately equal catalytic *** results confirm that the active centre is the hydrophilic sulfonic acid functional group in the esterification reactions.

关键词： β-Cyclodextrin carbonization carbonaceous catalyst esterification activity

Advances in numerical methods for the solution of population balance equations for disperse phase systems

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Science china Chemistry 2009年第8期52卷 1063-1079页

作者： SU JunWei1,GU ZhaoLin2.3.& XU X.Yun41 department of Mechanical {2. and Automation,School of Mechanical {2.,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710049,{3. 2.Key Laboratory of Mechanics on Disaster and Environment in Western china,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou 73.000,{3. 3.department of environmental Science and Technology,School of Human Settlements and Civil {2.,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710049,{3. 4 department of chemical {2.,Imperial {13. London,London SW7 2.Z,UK department of Mechanical engineering and Automation School of Mechanical Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an China Key Laboratory of Mechanics on Disaster and Environment in Western china Ministry of Education Lanzhou China department of environmental Science and Technology School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an China department of chemical {2. Imperial College London London UK

Accurate prediction of the evolution of particle size distribution is critical to determining the dynamic flow structure of a disperse phase system.A population balance equation(PBE),a non-linear hyperbolic equation of the number density function,is usually employed to describe the micro-behavior(aggregation,breakage,growth,etc.) of a disperse phase and its effect on particle size *** solution is the only choice in most *** this paper,three different numerical methods(direct discretization methods,Monte Carlo methods,and moment methods) for the solution of a PBE are evaluated with regard to their ease of implementation,computational load and numerical *** attention is paid to the relatively new and superior moment methods including quadrature method of moments(QMOM),direct quadrature method of moments(DQMOM),modified quadrature method of moments(M-QMOM),adaptive direct quadrature method of moments(ADQMOM),fixed pivot quadrature method of moments(FPQMOM),moving particle ensemble method(MPEM) and local fixed pivot quadrature method of moments(LFPQMOM).The prospects of these methods are discussed in the final section,based on their individual merits and current state of development of the field.

关键词： population balance equation direct discretization method Monte Carlo method moment methods disperse phase system

Electrochemical performance of LiFePO_4 cathode material for Li-ion battery

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Rare Metals 2006年第Z1期25卷 62-66页

作者： LI Shuzhong LI Chao FAN Yanliang XU Jiaqiang WANG Tao YANG Shuting engineering Research Centre for New Power Source Materials of Henan Province Xinxiang 453002 China Engineering Research Centre for New Power Source Materials of Henan Province Xinxiang 453002 China department of Applied Chemistry College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering Zhengzhou Institute of Light Industry Zhengzhou 450002 China Department of Applied Chemistry College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering Zhengzhou Institute of Light Industry Zhengzhou 450002 China Department of Applied Chemistry College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering Zhengzhou Institute of Light Industry Zhengzhou 450002 China Engineering Research Centre for New Power Source Materials of Henan Province Xinxiang 453002 China Department of Chemical Engineering College of Chemistry and Environmental Science Henan Normal University Xinxiang 453007 China

In the search for improved materials for rechargeable lithium batteries, LiFePO4 offers interesting possibilities because of its low raw materials cost, environmental friendliness and safety. The main drawback with using the material is its poor electronic conductivity and this limitation has to be overcome. Here Al-doped LiFePO4/C composite cathode materials were prepared by a polymer-network synthesis technique. Testing of X-ray diffraction, charge-discharge, and cyclic voltammetry were carried out for its performance. Results show that Al-doped LiFePO4/C composite cathode materials have a high initial capacity, good cycle stability and excellent low temperature performance. The electrical conductivity of LiFePO4 material can be obviously improved by doping Al. The better electrochemical performances of Al-doped LiFePO4/C composite cathode materials have a connection with its conductivity.

关键词： lithium ion batteries LiFePO4 doping electrochemical performance

NUMERICAL STUDY ON THE MIXING OF UNSORTED SEDIMENT PARTICLES DISCHARGED INTO A CROSS-FLOW BY MULTIPHASE PARTICLE-IN-CELL (MP-PIC) METHOD

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2007年第2期22卷 150-159页

作者： Jie GU1, Chiwai LI2. Hong YANG1 and Yong ZHAN3. department of {2. {2., {3. of Marine Science and Technology, Shanghai Fisheries University, 3.4 Jungong Road, Shanghai 2.0090, china2.department of Civil and Structural {2., The Hong Kong polytechnic University, Hunghom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, china3.department of {2. {2., {3. of Urban Construction and Environment, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 2.0093. china Shanghai Fisheries Univ Coll Marine Sci & Technol Dept Environm Engn Shanghai 200090 Peoples R China Hong Kong Polytech Univ Dept Civil & Struct Engn Kowloon Hong Kong Peoples R China Shanghai Univ Sci & Technol Coll Urban Construct & Environm Dept Environm Engn Shanghai 200093 Peoples R China

The mixing characteristics of dredged sediments of variable size discharged into cross-flow are studied by an Eulerian-Lagrangian method. A three-dimensional (3.) numerical model has been developed by using the modified k-ε parameterization for the turbulence in fluid phase/water and a Lagrangian method for the solid phase/sediments. In the model the wake turbulence induced by sediments has been included as additional source and sink terms in the k-ε model; and the trajectories of the sediments are tracked by the Lagrangian method in which the sediment drift velocities in cross-flow are computed by a multiphase particle-in-cell (MP-PIC) method and the diffusion process is approximated by a random walk model. The hydrodynamic behavior of dumped sediment cloud is governed by the total buoyancy on the cloud, the drag force on each particle and velocity of cross-flow. The cross-flow destroys more or less the double vortices occurred in stagnant ambience and dominates the longitudinal movement of sediment cloud. The computed results suggest satisfactory agreement by comparison with the experimental results of laboratory.

关键词： 3. numerical model Two-phase flow Eulerian-Lagrangian method Sediment particle cloud Cross-flow Multiphase particle-in-cell (MP-PIC) method

Catalytic performance of Pt/HY-β in n-octane hydroisomerization

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Petroleum Science 2009年第3期6卷 299-305页

作者： Jin Changlei MA Bo Zhang Xiwen Ling Fengxiang Zhang Zhizhi Qin Bo college of Petrochemical {2. Liaoning University of Petroleum and Chemical Technology Fushun Liaoning 113001 China department of environmental and {2. {3. Tangshan College Tangshan 063000 Hebei China Fushun Research Institute of Petroleum and Petrochemicals SINOPEC Fushun Liaoning 113001 China

A bifunctional catalyst Pt/HY-β was prepared from a bimicroporous composite zeolite Y-β. Characterization results showed that the specific surface area, pore volume, and acid amount of the catalyst Pt/HY-β all decreased compared to the original zeolite. The catalytic performance of this catalyst in n-octane hydroisomerization was investigated in a fixed bed stainless steel tubular reactor. The results showed that at a hydrogen/n-octane volume ratio of 1000, pressure of 0.6 MPa, temperature of 2.0} ℃ and LHSV of 3.h^-1, the conversion of n-octane, yield of liquid, hydrocracking rate and yield of iso-octane were 52.3.%, 88.66%, 12.60%, 3..51%, respectively.

关键词： Composite zeolite Pt/HY-β catalyst n-octane hydroisomerization

Theoretical Study of Impact of Side Substituent Effecton Intramolecular Proton Transfer of Perylenequinone

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Chinese chemical Letters 1999年第4期10卷 317-320页

作者： Ying QIAN Yan WANG Ruo Zhuang LIU(department of chemical and {2. {3., Beijing polytechnic University, Beliing10002.)(department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875) Dept. of Chem. and Environ. Eng. Beijing Polytechnic University Beijing 100022 China department of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China

Semi-empirical molecular orbital theory AMI method is employed to study the ortho-position substituent impact on intramolecular proton transfer reaction of perylenequinone. The calculation demonstrates that the perylenequinone molecule is of stable structure. and all substituents may cause the decrease of barriers for the hydrogen transfer reaction.

关键词： perylenequinone AM1 method proton transfer substituent effect

Micro-plate magnetic chemiluminescence immunoassay and its applications in carcinoembryonic antigen analysis

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Science china Chemistry 2010年第4期53卷 812-819页

作者： LI ZhiYong1, ZHANG QianYun2. ZHAO LiXia1, LI ZhenJia3. HU GuoMao3. LIN Jin-Ming2.& WANG Shan4 1State Key Laboratory of {2. Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-{2. Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085,{2. 2.3. of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084,{2. 3.eijing Chemclin Biotech Co., Ltd., Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing 100094,{2. 4School of Chemistry and chemical engineering, Xianyang Normal college, Xianyang 712.00,{2. State Key Laboratory of environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing China Beijing Chemclin Biotech Co. Ltd. Beijing Academy of Science and Technology Beijing China School of Chemistry and chemical engineering of Xianyang Normal {2. Xianyang China

A micro-plate magnetic chemiluminescence immunoassay was developed for rapid and high throughput detection of carcinoembryonic antigens (CEA) in human sera. This method was based on a sandwich immunoreaction of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled anti-CEA antibodies, CEA antigens, and horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated anti-CEA antibodies in mi- cro-plate. The immunomagnetic particles coated with anti-FITC antibodies were used as the solid phase for the immunoassay. The separation procedure was carried out by a magnetic plate adaptor and the luminol-hydrogen peroxide (H2.2.-HRP system was employed for the chemiluminescence detection. The proposed method combined the advantages of the micro-plate reactor and magnetic particle separation technology with the linear range of 5-2.0 ng mL·1. The detection limit of CEA was 0.61 ng mL·1. The coefficient of the variation was less than 7% and 13. for intra-assay and inter-assay precision, respectively. Compared with the commercial micro-plate chemiluminescent kit, the proposed method showed a good correlation.

关键词： micro-plate magnetic chemiluminescence immunoassay carcinoembryonic antigen tumor marker