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Efficiency of sediment transport by flood and its control in the Lower yellow river

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2004年第z1期47卷 173-185页

作者： NI Jinren1, LIU Xiaoyong2, LI Tianhong1, ZHAO Ye’an3.& JIN Ling1 1. Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University The Key Laboratory of water and Sedi- ment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, china 2. General Institute of water {3. and Hydropower Planning and Design, Ministry of water Re- sources, Beijing 100011, china 3. The yellow river Conservancy Commission, zhengzhou 4.0003. china 1. Department of Environmental Engineering Peking University 100871 Beijing China 2. The Key Laboratory of water and Sediment Sciences Ministry of Education 100871 Beijing China 3. General Institute of water resources and Hydropower Planning and Design Ministry of Water Resources 100011 Beijing China 4. The yellow river Conservancy Commission 450003 Zhengzhou China

This paper presents the characteristics of sediment transport by flood in the Lower yellow river with the reach from Huayuankou to Gaocun, which is regarded as a typical braided pattern. The Artificial Neural Network Model on water Use for Sediment Transport (WUST) by flood was established based on the measured data from 1980 to 1998. Consequently, simulations of controlling process of sediment transport by flood were made in terms of the control theory under different scenarios. According to the situation of sediment transport by flood in the Lower yellow river, Open-Loop control system and feedback control system were adopted in system design. In the Open-Loop control system, numerical simulations were made to reveal the relationship between average discharge of flood and the WUST with varying sediment concentrations. The results demonstrate that sediment concentration has significant influence on the controlling process of flood flow to WUST. It is practical and efficient to control WUST if sediment concentration is less than 20 kg/m3. In the feedback control system, controlling processes of sediment concentration and flood discharge for sediment transport were simulated respectively under given conditions, and it was found that sediment transport process could be controlled completely by sediment concentration and discharge at the inlet of the reach from Huayuankou to Gaocun. Using the same method, controlling processes of sediment transport by flood in other reaches in the Lower yellow river were also simulated. For the case of sediment concentration being 20 kg/m3. the optimized controlling discharge ranges from 23.0 to 2900 m3.s in the lower reach of Huayuankou. This study is also of significance to flood control and flushing sediment in the Lower yellow river with proper operation modes of Xiaolangdi Reservoir.

关键词： the Lower yellow river, flood, sediment transport, efficiency, simulation, control.

Soil erosion and sediment transport in the gullied Loess Plateau:Scale effects and their mechanisms

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2009年第5期52卷 1283-1292页

作者： LI TieJian1,WANG GuangQian1,XUE Hai2,3.& WANG Kai4 1 State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,china 2 yellow river Engineering Consulting Co.,Ltd.,{3. 4.0003.china 3.North china Institute of water Conservancy and Hydropower,{3. 450008,china 4 china Institute of water resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 10003.,china 1. State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China 2. yellow river Engineering Consulting Co. Ltd. Zhengzhou 450003 China 3. North china Institute of water Conservancy and Hydropower Zhengzhou 450008 China 4. china Institute of water resources and Hydropower Research Beijing 100038 China

Scale effects exist in the whole process of rainfall-3.runoff-3.soil erosion-3.sediment transport in river basins. The differences of hydrographs and sediment graphs in different positions in a river basin are treated as basic scale effects, which are more complex in the gullied Loess Plateau, a region notorious for high intensity soil erosion and hyper-concentrated sediment-laden flow. The up-scaling method of direct extrapolation that maintains dynamical mechanism effective in large scale application was chosen as the methodology of this paper. Firstly, scale effects of hydrographs and sediment graphs were analyzed by using field data, and key sub-processes and their mechanisms contributing to scale effects were clearly defined. Then, the Digital yellow river Model that integrates sub-models for the subprocesses was used with high resolution to simulate rainfall-3.runoff-3.soil erosion-3.sediment transport response in Chabagou watershed, and the distributed results representing scale effects were obtained. Finally, analysis on the simulation results was carried out. It was shown that gravitational erosion and hyper-concentrated flow contribute most to the spatial variation of hydrographs and sediment graphs in the spatial scale. Different spatial scale distributions and superposition of different sub-processes are the mechanisms of scale effects.

关键词： scale effect soil erosion hyper-concentrated sediment-laden flow the Loess Plateau

Dam risk assistant analysis system design

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2008年第S2期51卷 101-109页

作者： HE XianFeng1,2,3.GU ChongShi3.4,WU ZhongRu3.4 & SU HuaiZhi3.4 1 yellow river Institute of Hydraulic Research,zhengzhou {3.china 2 Embankment Security Defect Prevention and Control Engineering Research Center of MWR,zhengzhou 45000,china 3.College of water resources and Hydropower Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,china 4 National Engineering Research Center of water resources Efficient Utilization and Engineering Safety,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,china yellow river Institute of Hydraulic Research Zhengzhou 450003 China Embankment Security Defect Prevention and Control Engineering Research Center of MWR Zhengzhou 45000 China College of water resources and Hydropower Engineering Hohai University Nanjing 210098 China National Engineering Research Center of water resources Efficient Utilization and Engineering Safety Hohai University Nanjing 210098 China

In order to reduce the labor intensity and task difficulty of dam risk analysis and to meet the actual requirement of dam risk analysis,it is necessary to establish a dam risk assistant analysis *** program structure and the implementation ways of the dam risk assistant analysis system are analyzed,and a procedural framework with "three-tier and multi-database" structure and "level structure" is *** concept of dam risk assessment system modular development is proposed and the coupled mode of function module and data is ***,the dam risk assistant analysis system is developed using Delphi visual programming language.

关键词： dam risk risk analysis assistant analysis system

FLUVIAL PROCESS OF THE DREDGING TEST REACHIN THE LOWER yellow river

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International Journal of Sediment Research 1999年第2期14卷 77-82页

作者： LIU Yuelan ZHANG Mingde and LIU Jingguo (The research is supported by National Natural Science Fund and Ministry of water resources in Program No. 59890200) (Institute of Hydraulic Research, the yellow {3. conservation Commission, zhengzhou, china) (S

The effects of dredging and dike Strengthening at estuary of the yellow river in 1998, the conditions of incoming water and sediment and the evolution of scouring and deposition in the flood season of 1998 at the test... 详细信息

关键词： Dredging Lower yellow river Sediment deposition Fluvial process

Study on the changes of water cycle and its impacts in the source region of the yellow river

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2004年第z1期47卷 142-151页

作者： ZHANG Shifeng1, JIA Shaofeng1, LIU Changming1, CAO Wenbing2, HAO Fanghua3. LIU Jiuyu4 & YAN Huayun5 1. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, china 2. china University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083. china 3. Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, china 4. Bureau of Hydrology of yellow river Conservancy Commission, zhengzhou 4.0003. china 5. Bureau of Hydrology and water Resource Investigation of Qinghai Province, Xining 810001, china 1. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences 100101 Beijing China2. China University of Geosciences 100083 Beijing China3. Beijing Normal University 100875 Beijing China4. Bureau of Hydrology of Yellow River Conservancy Commission 450003 Zhengzhou China5. Bureau of Hydrology and Water Resource Investigation of Qinghai Province 810001 Xining China

The water cycle in the source region of the yellow river underwent great changes in the 1990s. The major features of the changes are as follows: the gauged runoff declined significantly while the precipitation increased slightly, and the runoff process was more concentrated on the flood season. water balance analyses indicate that the pondage was kept in the status of negative equilibrium, causing eco-environmental problems. The runoff decrement is due to evaporation increment in this region. Studies show that the runoff process in this region is closely related to that of the other hydrological stations in the upper reaches. When the runoff declines in the source regions, the amount of water also declines in the whole upper reaches of the yellow river, affecting the balance between water demand and supply. Meanwhile changes will take place in the water cycle of the river course system when the eco-environment deteriorates. The trend of water cycle change in the source region is that the runoff will keep declining with the increment of evaporation caused by temperature rise in the northwest of china in the 21st century. But the hydraulic engineering in the source region will help to mitigate the deterioration of local eco-environment system, though the impacts to the lower reaches of this project may not be the case.

关键词： source region of the yellow river, water cycle, evaporation, negative equilibrium.

Risk analysis model for landslide mass of high slope in dam area

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2008年第S2期51卷 25-31页

作者： GU ChongShi1,2,HE XianFeng3.4,WU ZhongRu1,2 & SU HuaiZhi1,2 1 College of water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,china 2 National Engineering Research Center of water {3. Efficient Utilization and Engineering Safety,Nanjing 210098,china 3.yellow river Institute of Hydraulic Research,zhengzhou 4.0003.china 4 Embankment Security Defect Prevention and Control Engineering Research Center of MWR,zhengzhou 4.0003.china 1. College of water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering Hohai University Nanjing 210098 China 2. National Engineering Research Center of water resources Efficient Utilization and Engineering Safety Nanjing 210098 China 3. yellow river Institute of Hydraulic Research Zhengzhou 450003 China 4. Embankment Security Defect Prevention and Control Engineering Research Center of MWR Zhengzhou 450003 China

In order to identify the threat of reservoir bank landslide to dam safety and reduce the risk of dam failure,impact factors of the landslide are *** concept of landslide risk degree is put forward to measure the threat of landslide to dam *** monotony of the landslide risk assessment function which changes with different affecting factors is analyzed *** on gene automatic programming,a data mining model of the landslide risk assessment function is constructed combined with impact factors of reservoir bank landslide on dam *** the assessment function of landslide risk has been excavated and established according to practical project information,which provides a valuable reference for analyzing the impact of landslide on dam risk.

关键词： landslide dam failure risk landslide risk

Sediment retention by check dams in the Hekouzhen-Longmen Section of the yellow river

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2008年第2期23卷 159-166页

作者： Da-Chuan RAN1,2,Quan-Hua LUO3.Zu-Hao ZHOU4,Guo-Qing WANG5,and Xiao-Hua ZHANG2 1 Senior Engineer,Xi’an University of Technology,Xi’an 710048,china 2 Senior Engineer,yellow river Institute of Hydraulic Research,{3. 4.0003.china 3.Engineer ,Xifeng Soil and water conservation Experimental Station,Qingyang 745000,china 4 Senior Engineer,china Institute of water resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 10003.,china 5 Senior Engineer,Flood prevention office of YRCC,{3. 4.0003.china [a]Senior Engineer Xi'an University of Technology Xi'an 710048 china [b]Senior Engineer yellow river Institute of Hydraulic Research zhengzhou 4.0003 china [c]Engineer Xifeng Soil and water conservation Experimental Station Qingyang 745000 china [d]Senior Engineer china Institute of water resources and Hydropower Research Beijing 10003. china [e]Senior Engineer Flood prevention office of YRCC zhengzhou 4.0003 china

Coarse sediment retention by check dams is analyzed for five typical catchments in the Hekou-Longmen section of the midstream of the yellow river,which is an area of high coarse sediment *** catchments are the Huangfuchuan,Kuye,Wuding,Sanchuan and Qiushui river *** amount of coarse sediment retained by check dams in these areas for different periods was *** reduction due to check dams is compared with other soil {3. measures and the results show that check dams are the most effective to rapidly reduce the amount of coarse sediment entering the yellow *** the average percentage of the drainage area with check dams for the five typical catchments reaches 3.0%,the average sediment reduction ratio can reach 60%.Therefore,to rapidly and effectively reduce the amount of sediment,especially coarse sediment,entering the yellow river,the area percentage of check dams in the Hekou-Longmen section should be kept around 3..The Kuye and Huangfuchuan river Basins are the preferred main catchments in which such water {3. measures are implemented.

关键词： Sediment retention yellow river Check dam Coarse sediment Grain size

LONG AND DEEP DIVERSION TUNNELS OF 1^(ST) STAGE PROJECT IN WEST ROUTE OF SOUTH-NORTH water TRANSFER PROJECT

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岩石力学与工程学报 2003年第9期22卷 1527-1532页

作者： Shen Fengsheng,Liu Xin (Reconnaissance,Planning,Design and Research Institute,yellow river Construction Commission, Ministry of water {3., zhengzhou 4.0003.china) Reconnaissance Planning Design and Research Institute Yellow River Construction Commission Ministry of Water Resources Zhengzhou 450003

West Route of South-North water Transfer Project,situated in southeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,is a giant project,which will deliver 17 billion m3.of water from the main stream and tributaries upstream of the Yangtze river to the upper reaches of the {3. river. It is to be constructed in 3.stages, of which the 1st stage project includes delivering 4 billion m3.of water by gravity from two tributaries of Yalong river and three tributaries of Dadu river. The project consists of 5 dams,7 tunnels and a channel in series,with the dam height of 63.123.m and water transfer length of 260.3.km,of which the tunnels measure 244.1 km. The special climatic,environmental and geologic conditions make the project much more complicated in construction,especially 3.tunnels with the length longer than 50 km each create challenges to the technical requirements of engineering survey,design and construction.

关键词：南水北调工程西线工程引水隧洞 TBM

Runoff reduction due to environmental changes in the Sanchuanhe river basin

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2008年第2期23卷 174-180页

Recently,runoff in many river basins in china has been ***,the role that climate change and human activities are playing in this decrease is currently of *** this study,we evaluated an assessment method that was designed to quantitatively separate the effects of climate change and human activities on runoff in river ***,we calibrated the SIMHYD rainfall runoff model using naturally recorded hydro-meteorologic data pertaining to the Sanchuanhe river basin and then determined the effects of climate change and human activities on runoff by comparing the estimated natural runoff that occurred during the period in which humans disturbed the basin to the runoff that occurred during the period prior to disturbance by *** results of this study revealed that the SIMHYD rainfall runoff model performs well for estimating monthly *** addition,we found that absolute runoff reductions have increased in response to human activities and climate change,with average reductions of 70.1% and 29.9% in total runoff being caused by human activities and climate change,*** together,the results of this study indicate that human activities are the primary cause of runoff reduction in the Sanchuanhe river basin.

关键词： Sanchuanhe river Hydrological simulation Climate change Human activities Impact