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Micro-geological causes and macro-geological controlling factors of low-resistivity oil layers in the Puao Oilfield

Petroleum Science 2009年第3期6卷 246-253页

作者： Tan Fengqi Li Hongqi Liu Hongtao Jiang Fucong Yu Hongyan School of resource and Information Technology China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China State key laboratory of Petroleum resource and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China The No.7 Oil Production Factory Daqing Oilfield Company PetroChina Heilongjiang 163515 China

Low-resistivity oil layers are often missed in logging interpretation because of their resistivity close to or below the resistivity of nearby water layers. Typical low-resistivity oil layers have been found in the past few years in the Putaohua reservoir of the Puao Oilfield in the south of the Daqing placanticline by detailed exploration. Based on a study of micro-geological causes of low-resistivity oil layers, the macro-geological controlling factors were analyzed through comprehensive research of regional depositional background, geological structure, and oil-water relations combined with core, water testing, well logging, and scanning electron microscopy data. The results showed that the formation and distribution of Putaohua low-resistivity oil layers in the Puao Oilfield were controlled by depositional environment, sedimentary facies, diagenesis, motive power of hydrocarbon accumulation, and acidity and alkalinity of reservoir liquid. The low-resistivity oil layers caused by high bound-water saturation were controlled by deposition and diagenesis, those caused by high free-water saturation were controlled by structural amplitude and motive power of hydrocarbon accumulation. Those caused by formation water with high salinity were controlled by the ancient saline water depositional environment and faulted structure and those caused by additional conductivity of shale were controlled by paleoclimate and acidity and alkalinity of reservoir liquid. Consideration of both micro-geological causes and macro-geological controlling factors is important in identifying low-resistivity oil layers.

关键词： Daqing placanticline Puao Oilfield Putaohua oil layer low-resistivity oil layers microgeological causes macro-geological controlling factors

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Super-orthogonal space-time code design based on the trellis diagram integrated operation

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Science china(Information Sciences) 2011年第7期54卷 1481-1490页

作者： AO Jun 1,2,MA ChunBo 1,AO FaLiang 1 & LIAO GuiSheng 3.1 College of Information and Communication,Guilin University of Electronic and Technology,Guilin 541004,china 2 National key laboratory of Electromagnetic {3.,QingDao,266107,china 3.National lab of Radar Signal Processing,Xidian University,Xi’an 710071,china College of Information and Communication Guilin University of Electronic and Technology National key laboratory of Electromagnetic environment

By studying the super-orthogonal space-time coding designs for 2 transmit antennas and superquasi orthogonal space-time coding designs for 4 transmit antennas,a novel super-orthogonal space-time coding design for 4 transmit antennas is *** exploiting the inherent structure association between OSTBC and QOSTBC,the proposed schemes can obtain the full-rate and good performance while keeping the coding complexity as super-orthogonal space-time coding schemes for 2 transmit *** results demonstrate that the proposed schemes outperforms the existing super-quasi orthogonal space-time coding schemes by almost 2 dB.

关键词： STBC TCM SOSTTC SQOSTTC

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Megaripples from the Mesoproterozoic of the Kimberley region,northwestern Australia and its geological implications

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2012年第1期1卷 15-25页

作者： Lan Zhongwu 1,2,3.,Zhong-Qiang Chen 2,4,1.State key laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution,Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,beijing 100029,{3. 2.School of Earth and environment,The University of Western Australia,Australia 3.key lab of Petroleum resources Research,Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,beijing 100029,{3. 4.State key laboratory of Biogeology and environmental Geology,{3. University of Geosciences (Wuhan),Wuhan 43.074,{3. State key laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Earth and environment The University of Western Australia key lab of Petroleum resources Research Institute of Geology and Geoph

Large ripples are described from the Mesoproterozoic Hilfordy Formation in the Kimberley region,northwestern *** ripple index (RI) and ripple symmetry index (RSI) suggest the Kimberley ripples were likely generated by storm *** wave height is up to 15 23.cm and wave length is up to 70 90 *** features,incorporated with other morphological characteristics such as symmetry,steepness,ripple spacing,and compositions,agree well with the megaripples previously reported from the intertidal-nearshore settings of modern seas and the geological *** Mesoproterozoic ripples were likely generated by the storm-induced *** survey of the global record of megaripples reveals that such structures have occurred through the geological past from the Archean to present *** were particularly common in the Neoproterozoic and had the largest ripple length and ripple height among the modern and geological *** is probably because extreme storms prevailed at that *** frequent occurrence in present day beach is probably due to the prevalence of extreme storms caused by the monsoon or tsunami/earthquake influenced climatic regimes.

关键词： megaripples palaeohydrodynamics extreme storms Mesoproterozoic Hilfordy Formation Kimberley northwestern Australia

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DEVELOPMENT OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL HYDRODYNAMIC AND WATER QUALITY MODEL FOR HUANGPU RIVER

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2003年第2期15卷 1-11页

作者： Xu Zu xin, Yin Hai longState key laboratory of pollution Control and resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092,{3. lab. of Pollution Control Tongji Univ. Shanghai 200092 China

Based on numerical computation model RMA2 and RMA4 with open source code,finite element meshes representing the study domain are created, then the finite elementhydrodynamic and water quality model for Huangpu River is developed and calibrated, and thesimulation results are analyzed. This developed hydrodynamic and water quality model is used toanalyze the influence of discharged wastewater from planning Wastwater Treatment Plant (WWTP) onHuangpu River's water quality.

关键词： huangpu river water quality finite element method wastwater treatment plant

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Magnetostratigraphy of Late Cenozoic fossil mammals in the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau

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Science Bulletin 2003年第2期48卷 188-193页

作者： SONG Chunhui1,2,FANG Xiaomin 1,2,GAO Junping1, NIE Junsheng1,YAN Maodu1,3.XU Xianhai1 & SUN Dong1 1. MOE National laboratory of Western china抯 environmental Systems & College of {3. and environment,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 73.000,china 2. State key laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology ,Institute of Earth environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xi抋n 710075, china 3. Department of Geological Sciences,University of Michigan,AnnArbor,MI 48109,USA Univ Arizona Steward Observ Tucson AZ 85721 USA MOE National laboratory of Western china\'s environmental Systems & College of {3. and environment Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China

A number of fossil mammals have been found in the very thick Cenozoic stratigraphy of the Guide Basin in the northeastern margin of the Tibetan *** of these are of great significance in mammal evolution and stratigraphic correla-tion on and around the Tibetan Plateau and North ***,the chronology of these mamals is poorly *** of the mammals will not only place precise age constraints on the mammals,but also provide much inlormation on the related stratigraphy that records the uplift process of the Tibetan *** paleomagnetism of the upper part of the Cenozoic stratigraphy at He'erjia and Lajigai north of Guide County has revealed magnetic chrons that can be correlated to Ganss and 3.n *** the section spanning about 3.16.5 Ma and the *** and third layers of fossil mammals at about 5.25,5.1 and 4.4 Ma,*** of the significant genus Gazella kueitensis and the Chinese elephant Anancus sinensis are firstly constrained at about 5.25 MaBP and 4.4 Ma,*** mammalian evolution and the associated increase in coarse sediments and sedimentation rate may suggest that the northeastern Tibetan Plateau was uplifted rapidly at that time,and the eastern Tibetan Plateau with its neighboring regions was not high enough to stop mammal exchange between the northern and southern sides of the Tibetan Piateau.

关键词： Tibetan Plateau Guide Basin Late Cenozoic stratigra-phy fossil mammals paleomagnetism.

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NUMERICAL MODEL FOR FLOW THROUGH SUBMERGED VEGETATION REGIONS IN A SHALLOW LAKE

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2011年第2期23卷 170-178页

作者： WANG Pei-fang WANG Chao key laboratory of Integrated Regulation and resource Development on Shallow Lakes Ministry ot Education College of Environment Hohai University Nanjing 210098 China

Aquatic vegetation has a significant impact on water currents. To evaluate the effects of changes in the aquatic vegetation on water currents of different velocity, a 3.D hydrodynamic model was then developed by taking into consideration of the additional hydraulic resistance of the aquatic plants. The Navier- Stokes equations were then solved using the SIMPLE method and the k - e＂ turbulence model. Calculations using the established models were used to forecast the vertical distribution of the horizontal velocity and horizontal flow under the transmission conditions of the South-North Water Diversion in the Nansi Lake. And comparative calculation for the flow velocity was also performed using the simplified method of assigning a high roughness coefficient to the lake bed in the same area. Results suggest that adding additional hydraulic resistance of the aquatic plants is feasible. The calculation errors between simulation result and the field observed data are smaller than 15%, while, those errors are up to 3.% if the influence of aquatic vegetation is dealt with the simplified method.

关键词： lakes numerical models hydraulic resistance aquatic vegetation

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Dynamic analysis of evapotranspiration based on remote sensing in Yellow River Delta

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2003年第4期13卷 408-415页

作者： PAN Zhiqiang, LIU Gaohuan, ZHOU Chenghu(State key laboratory of resource and {3. Information System, Institute ofGeographic Sciences and Natural resources Research, CAS, beijing 100101, china) Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural resources Research CAS State Key Laboratory of Resource and Environment Information System 北京 Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural resources Research CAS State Key Laboratory of Resource and Environment Information System 北京 100101

Evapotranspiration (ET) is an important parameter for water resource management. Compared to the traditional ET computation and measurement methods, the ET computation method based on remote sensing has the advantages of quickness, precision, raster mapping and regional scale. SEBAL, an ET computation model using remote sensing method is based on the surface energy balance equation which is a function of net radiance flux, soil heat flux, sensible heat flux and latent heat flux. The former three fluxes can be computed through the parameters retrieved from remote sensing image, then the latent heat flux can be obtained to provide energy for ET. Finally we can obtain the daily ET. In this study SEBAL was applied to compute ET in the Yellow River Delta of china where water resource faces a rigorous situation. Three Landsat TM images and meteorology data of 1999 were used for ET computation, and spatial and temporal change patterns of ET in the Yellow River Delta were analysed.

关键词： evapotranspiration remote sensing Yellow River Delta

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A restudy of Oryctocephalus indicus (Reed,1910)

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2006年第11期16卷 1177-1182页

作者： ZHAO Yuanlong~1**, YUAN Jinliang~2, PENG Shanchi~ 2,3., YANG Xinglian~1, PENG Jin~1, LIN Jihpai~4, and GUO Qingjun~5(1. College of resource and environment of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550003. china 2. Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, china 3. State key laboratory of Papaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Nanjing 210008, china 4. Department of Geological Science, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43.10, USA 5. Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002, china) College of resource and environment of Guizhou University Guiyang 550003 China

Restudy on morphology of Oryctocephalus indicus (Reed, 1910), based on specimens from Guizhou, china and Nevada USA, suggests that the subspecies regarded previously as Oryctocephalus indicus indicus (Reed, 1910), O. indicus latus Zhao et Yuan 2002, and O. indicus kobayashi Saito, 193., are synonymous, and Oryctocephalus americanus Sundberg et McCollum, 2003.is a similar form of O. indicus. Oryctocephalus indicus is rediagnosed as having a glabella that is subconical in outline and tapering forward slightly; a thorax that comprises 12 segments, and a small pygidium that bears 2—3.axial rings with a terminal piece and a postaxial ridge. Oryctocephalus indicus is widely distributed in eastern Guizhou and ranges through a great interval of Kaili Formation. Its first appearance is almost identical with these events of trilobite extinction-recovery occurring at the end of the Early Cambrian, the alternation of acritach assemblages, the change of trace elements (REE) and stable isotopes (carbon) at the Wuliu-Zengjiaya section. As one of the key forms for defining the traditional Lower-Middle Cambrian boundary (the base of Cambrian Series 3.and Stage 5 in the new Cambrian chronstratigraphic standard), O. indicus has received detailed study and has more advantages than other species such as Ovatoryctocara granulata Tchernysheva, 1962 or Arthricocephalus chauveaui Bergeron, 1899.

关键词： Oryctocephalus indicus restudy Kaili Formation Cambrian Guizhou china.

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Cooperative HARQ protocol and diversity analysis of systems with multiple incremental relays

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The Journal of china Universities of Posts and Telecommunications 2009年第5期16卷 8-13页

作者： FAN Bin , WANG Wen-bo, LIN Yi-cheng, ZHENG Kan Wireless Signal Processing and Network lab, key laboratory of Universal Wireless Communication, Ministry of Education, {3. University of Posts and Telecommunications, {3. 100876, china Wireless Signal Processing and Network lab Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communication Ministry of Education Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing 100876 China

Wireless networks contain an inherent distributed spatial diversity that can be exploited by relays. Relay networks can take advantage of the broadcast-oriented nature of wireless transmission, but require more radio resource to transmit data for their multi-hop traits. Fortunately, incremental relaying technique, which can choose direct or multi-hop transmission adaptively, can efficiently utilize resource. In this article, the incremental transmission with amplify-and-forward （AF） relays is focused on. A practical hybrid-automatic retransmission request （HARQ） protocol is designed, and the related optimal relay selection strategy is proposed. To analyze the cooperative diversity of system with the proposed protocol, the capacity lower bound is deduced. Simulation and analytical results indicate that by adopting the optimal relay selection strategy, the system with the proposed HARQ protocol can achieve an order of cooperative diversity that equals the aggregated number of the relay and source nodes.

关键词： cooperative HARQ AF incremental relay diversity gain

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Predicting octanol/water partition coefficient using solvation free energy and solvent-accessible surface area

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2001年第3期13卷 299-303页

作者： LIU Xin hui, WU Chun de, HAN Shuo kui, WANG Lian sheng(State key laboratory of Pollution Control and resource Reuse, Department of {3.al Science, School of the {3., Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093. china. State key laboratory of Pollution Control and resource Reuse Department of Environmental Science School of the Environment Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China

The regression model for octanol/water partition coefficients ( K ow ), is founded with only two molecular descriptors available through quantum chemical calculations: solvation free energy (Δ G S ), and solvent accessible surface area (SASA). For the properties of 47 organic compounds from 17 types, the model gives a correction coefficient (adjusted for degrees of freedom) of 0 959 and a standard error of 0 277 log unit. It is a suitable way to predict the partition properties that are related to solute solvent interactions in the water phase.

关键词： solvation free energy solvent accessible surface area quantum chemical descriptor

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