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Subsidence control and farmland conservation by solid backfilling mining technology

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 2011年第S3期21卷 665-669页

作者： GUO Guang-li1, 2, FENG Wen-kai3. ZHA Jian-feng1, 2, 3. LIU Yuan-xu1, 2, WANG Qiang1, 2 1. key laboratory for Land Environment and Disaster Monitoring of the state Bureau of Surveying and Mapping,{3. university of Mining and technology, Xuzhou 221116,{3. 2. Jiangsu key laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information Engineering,{3. university of Mining and technology, Xuzhou 221116,{3. {13., chengdu university of technology, chengdu 610059,{3. key laboratory for Land Environment and Disaster Monitoring of the state Bureau of Surveying and Mapping China University of Mining and Technology Xuzhou 221116 China Jiangsu key laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information Engineering China University of Mining and Technology Xuzhou 221116 China state key laboratory of {3. prevention and geoenvironment protection Chengdu University of Technology Chengdu 610059 China

Solid backfilling mining technology, which decreases the height of fissure zone and caving zone, and alleviates the subsidence, is a new technology for farmland conservation. Based on the situation analysis of farmland destruction in mining area, three ways for farmland protection were proposed. In order to improve the feasibility of this technology, the limited filling materials should be used to increase resources recovery ratio, and then the surplus materials could be backfilled into goaf. An index, namely farmland conservation ability, was put forward to optimize the ways for farmland conservation. At last, the Wanbei coal mine was taken as a case for farmland conservation. It was shown that 3.40 t dull coal was substituted and 52 hm2 farmland was conserved by solid backfilling mining in this coal mine.

关键词： solid backfilling farmland conservation mining subsidence equivalent mining height

Geo-engineering Lessons Learned from the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake in Sichuan and Their Significance to Reconstruction

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Journal of Mountain Science 2011年第2期8卷 176-189页

作者： HUANG Runqiu state key laboratory of {3. prevention and geoenvironment protection Chengdu University of Technology Chengdu 610059 Sichuan China

The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan of china was the result of quake-triggering along an active several hundred-kilometer-long fault. The subsequent landslides and debris flow geohazards are dominating factors in planning post-disaster recovery and rebuilding. This paper presents recommendations for coping with large-scale geohazards and disasters. It is essential to establish a national emergency management system for huge scale catastrophe and earthquake precursor identification. Town construction must be kept away from active faults, especially to improve town safety in areas with high risk of seismic and geological hazards, and it is important to improve geohazard investigation and remediation for mountain areas that have become loosened by earthquake activity. Geological factors must be better understood to reduce direct and secondary risks and effects of earthquakes. Site selections for public relocation require clear and informed analysis of geological and social risk reduction, so that relocation, infrastructure reconstruction, and commemorative relic-sites can be protected.

关键词：地震触发地质工程汶川县四川省地质灾害调查风险分析活动断层城市建设

Spatial Distribution of Large-scale Landslides Induced by the 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake

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Journal of Mountain Science 2011年第2期8卷 246-260页

作者： XU Qiang ZHANG Shuai LI Weile state key laboratory of {3. prevention and geoenvironment protection Chengdu University of Technology Chengdu 610059 China

The 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake in 2008 induced hundreds of large-scale landslides. This paper systematically analyzes 112 large-scale landslides (surface area > 50000 m2), which were identified by interpretation of remote sensing imagery and field investigations. The analysis suggests that the distribution of large-scale landslides is affected by the following four factors: (a) distance effect: 80% of studied large-scale landslides are located within a distance of 5 km from the seismic faults. The farther the distance to the faults, the lower the number of large-scale landslides; (b) locked segment effect: the large-scale landslides are mainly located in five concentration zones closely related with the crossing, staggering and transfer sections between one seismic fault section and the next one, as well as the end of the NE fault section. The zone with the highest concentration was the Hongbai-Chaping segment, where a great number of large-scale landslides including the two largest landslides were located. The second highest concentration of large-scale landslides was observed in the Nanba-Donghekou segment at the end of NE fault, where the Donghekou landslide and the Woqian landslide occurred; (c) Hanging wall effect: about 70% of the large-scale landslides occurred on the hanging wall of the seismic faults; and (d) direction effect: in valleys perpendicular to the seismic faults, the density of large-scale landslides on the slopes facing the seismic wave is obviously higher than that on the slopes dipping in the same direction as the direction of propagation of the seismic wave. Meanwhile, it is found that the sliding and moving directions of large-scale landslides are related to the staggering direction of the faults in each section. In Qingchuan County where the main fault activity was horizontal twisting and staggering, a considerable number of landslides showed the feature of sliding and moving in NE direction which coincides with the staggering direction of th

关键词：山体滑坡地震断层空间分布汶川地震波传播诱发故障距离距离效应

Influences of the Wenchuan Earthquake on Sediment Supply of Debris Flows

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Journal of Mountain Science 2011年第2期8卷 270-277页

作者： ZHU Jing DING Jun LIANG Jingtao state key laboratory of {3. prevention and geoenvironment protection Chengdu University of Technology Chengdu 610059 China

The 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake and the subsequent rainstorms induced a large number of landslides, which later were transformed into debris flows. To evaluate the effect of the earthquake on the sediment supply of debris flows, eight debris flow basins near Beichuan City, Sichuan Province, china were chosen as the study area. The area variations of the debris flow source after the Wenchuan Earthquake and the subsequent rainstorm are analyzed and discussed in this paper. Interpretations of aerial photographs (after the 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake) and SPOT5 images (after the rainstorm event of September 24, 2008) as well as field investigations were compared to identify the transformation of landslide surface in the study area, indicating that the landslide area in the eight debris flow basins significantly increased. The loose sediment area on the channel bed increased after the rainstorm event. In order to estimate the relationship of the landslide area with the rainfall intensity in different return periods, a model proposed by Uchihugi was adopted. Results show that new landslide area induced by heavy rainfall with 50-year and 100-year return period will be 0.87 km2 and 1.67 km2, respectively. The study results show the Wenchuan earthquake had particular influences on subsequent rainfall-induced debris flow occurrence.

关键词：滑坡泥石流地震影响汶川供应泥沙流域面积研究区域降雨强度

Research on Water Resources Conservation of Mountain River Based on the Concept of Region Partition

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Journal of Mountain Science 2011年第4期8卷 582-591页

作者： LIU Yubang TAO Qingyu LIANG Chuan WU Yong state key laboratory of {3. prevention and geoenvironment protection chengdu university of technology Chengdu 61o059 China state key laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering College of Water Resource & Hydropower Sichuan University Chengdu 61oo65 China Academic Journal Center of chengdu university of technology Chengdu 61oo59 China

Presently concepts and methods related to water resources conservation of mountain rivers are seriously insufficient,and its level is far from being adaptable to the development of a harmonious *** mountain ecosystems play a key role in water resources conservation of mountain rivers,and the characteristics of mountain ecosystems and hydrologic features of mountain river follow strong temporal and spatial distribution,partition theory can be applied to the water resources conservation of mountain *** theory observes the following partition principles:regional relativity,spatial continuity,integralcounty,meeting management needs,hierarchical principle,and comparability *** it lays equal emphasis on both water resources conservation and environmental protection,on both water quality conservation and water quantity protection,on the combination of water features,water cycle and water *** the partition methods,index method and map superposition method will be applied in region *** example of region partition of water resources conservation in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River shows that the partition theory is practicable in water resources conservation of mountain rivers,and it provides a platform for future study in water resources conservation.

关键词：水资源保护山区河流区域划分分区原则生态系统可比性原则社会发展水文特征

Analysis of the Effects of Slope Geometry on the Dynamic Response of a Near-field Mountain from the Wenchuan Earthquake

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Journal of Mountain Science 2010年第4期7卷 353-360页

作者： XIAO Shiguo FENG Wenkai ZHANG Jianjing Department of Geoteehnical Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu 610031 China state key laboratory of {3. prevention and geoenvironment protection Chengdu University of Technology Chengdu 610059 China Department of C-eoteehnical Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu 610031 China

Fourier spectra and acceleration response spectra of near-field acceleration records of the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake have been *** fundamental frequencies(or predominant periods) were ***,the natural frequencies of a range of slopes with different geometric characteristics,such as height,slope ratio,and pattern,were *** seismic responses of the slopes were compared,and the variability of seismic response with the above geometric elements was *** show that if slope height increases,and provided that other conditions are unchanged,the natural frequency of the first mode of a doublesurface slope will change as a power ***,natural frequencies will diminish(based on a parabolic function) as the slope angle becomes *** the surface pattern and the number of surfaces on a slope can have a great impact on the seismic response of the ***,within a certain range of slope heights or angles,either height or angle will also greatly influence the variability of the seismic *** results of this research will be helpful to understanding seismic dynamic response features and explaining the ways that slope stability can be affected by earthquakes.

关键词：地震反应动力响应分析近场汶川加速度反应谱边坡尺寸形状

The Disastrous 23.July 2009 Debris Flow in Xiangshui Gully, Kangding County, Southwestern china

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Journal of Mountain Science 2011年第2期8卷 131-139页

作者： TANG Chuan YANG Yonghong SU Yongchao DING Jun HUANG Wenjie state key laboratory of {3. prevention and geoenvironment protection Chengdu University of Technology Chengdu 610059 China

On 23.July 2009, a catastrophic debris flows were triggered by heavy rainfall in Xiangshui gully, Kangding county, southwestern china. This debris flow originating shortly after a rainstorm with an intensity of 28 mm per hour transported a total volume of more than 480×103.m3.debris, depositing the poorly sorted sediment including boulders up to 2-3.m in diameter both onto an existing debris fans and into the river. Our primary objective for this study was to analyze the characteristics of the triggering rainfall and the debris supply conditions, and to estimate debris-flow volume, mean velocity, and discharge. A comparison with adjacent rain-gage records indicates that debris flows in this setting can be produced in response to as little as 17 mm/hour or 3.5 mm/10-minute of rainfall intensity with relatively lower amount of cumulative antecedent rainfall. The field measurement and the interpretation of the Worldview image indicate that abundant landslides occurred on steep slopes within areas underlain by highly weathered granite. Using empirical equations that combine flow depth and channel slope, the mean velocity and discharge of the debris flow were estimated to be 9.2 m/s and 2150 m3.s, respectively. The results contribute to a better understanding of the conditions leading to catastrophic debris flows.

关键词：中国西南地区泥石流沟响水县康定县灾难降雨强度平均流速供应条件

A Physical Simulation Test for the RockBurst in Tunnels

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Journal of Mountain Science 2011年第2期8卷 278-285页

作者： LI Tianbin WANG Xiangfeng MENG Lubo state key laboratory of {3. prevention & geoenvironment protection Chengdu University of Technology Chengdu 610059 China Sichuan Communication Surveying &Design Institute Chengdu 610017China

According to the test results of the physical and mechanical properties of similar materials in various quality mixture, a type of material with obvious tendency of rockburst was selected to produce a large-size model to simulate rockburst phenomena in tunnels. The prototype model comes from a typical section of diversion tunnels in Jinping Hydropower Station in china. The simulation of excavating tunnels is carried out by opening a hole in the model after loading. The modeling results indicated that under the condition of normal stresses in the model boundaries the arch top, spandrel and side walls of the tunnel produced an obvious jump reaction of stress and strain and the acoustic emission counts of the surrounding rock also increased rapidly in a different time period after the "tunnel" excavation, showing the clear features of rockburst. The spalling, buckling and breaking occurred in the surrounding rock of model in conditions of over loading. It is concluded that the modeling tunnel segment in Jinping Hydropower Station is expected to form the tensile rockburst with the pattern of spalling, buckling and breaking.

关键词：物理模拟试验隧道管片岩爆锦屏水电站岩石声发射尺寸模型材料性能原型模型

Mechanism and Geo-mechanics Models of Landslides Triggered by 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake

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Journal of Mountain Science 2011年第2期8卷 200-210页

作者： HUANG Runqiu XU Qiang HUO Junjie state key laboratory of {3.s prevention and geoenvironment protection Chengdu University of Technology Chengdu Sichuan China

Due to the extremely high magnitude, long duration, and the complicated geo-environment in the disaster area, the great 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake not only produced a huge number of landslides and rockfalls, but also involved complicated dynamic processes. These processes are quite different from the characteristics of landslides and rockfalls under general gravitational force, and presently human knowledge is very poor in this field. In order to describe the special dynamic processes, some terms such as shattering-cracking, shattering-sliding, shattering-falls and ejection are defined in this paper. Combined with slope structures, a mechanism classification system of strong earthquake-triggered landslide and rockfall is suggested, which is divided into 5 categories and 14 types. This paper also analyzes the basic characteristics, dynamic processes and geo-mechanics conceptual models of some typologies, especial the type of shattering-sliding for most large-scales landsides. This paper initially reveals the formation mechanism, geo-mechanics models and dynamic features of landslides and rockfalls triggered by the great Wenchuan Earthquake.

关键词：地质力学模型山体滑坡地震触发汶川机制持续时间地理环境术语定义