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Carbon and hydrogen isotopic characteristics of natural gases from the Luliang and Baoshan basins in Yunnan Province, china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2006年第9期49卷 938-946页

作者： XU Yongchang1, LIU Wenhui2, SHEN Ping1, WANG Wanchun1, WANG Xiaofeng1, Tenger1, YAN Yaomin3.& LIU Ruobin3.1. Lanzhou Center of Oil & Gas Resources, Institute of Geology and Geophsics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 73.000, china 2. Research Institute of petroleum exploration and {3., sinopec, Beijing 100083. china 3. south branch of petroleum exploration and production company, sinopec, kuming 650000, china Lanzhou Center of Oil & Gas Resources Institute of Geology and Geophsics Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China Research Institute of petroleum exploration and production SINOPEC Beijing China south branch of petroleum {3. and production company SINOPEC Kuming China

The Luliang and Baoshan basins of Yunnan Province are two small-sizedcontinental oil/gas-bearing sedimentary basins, which were developed at the bases of theCarboniferous and Devonian systems during the Late Tertiary, covering an area of 3.5 km^2 and 254km^2, respectively. Since the 1990s, there have been discovered small-sized natural gas pools inthese two basins. The natural gases are composed mainly of hydrocarbon gases, with nonhydrocarbonsaccounting for less than 2%. Of the hydrocarbon gases, methane accounts for more than 99%, and thecomponents above C_2 account for less than 0.2%. On the basis of previous studies of geologicalbackground, the composition of natural gases and their carbon isotopic composition, it has beendefined that these two gas pools are of bacterial origin. In this work we have comprehensivelymeasured the carbon and hydrogen isotopic composition of natural gases from these two basins andhave gone into the details of the mechanism of gas generation. The δ^(13.C_1 values of naturalgases from the Luliang Basin are within the range of -72.1 per thousand - -73.3.per thousand, andthe δD_(CH_4) values, -242 per thousand - -23. per thousand, indicating that the bacterial gasgeneration is dominated by the way of CO_2 reduction. It has been evidenced that undercontinental-facies fresh water conditions there did occur the CO_2 reduction as a process ofbacterial gas generation. The δ^(13.C_1 values of natural gases from the Baoshan Basin are withinthe range of - 62.5 per thousand - -63.5 per thousand, and the δD_(CH_4) values, -252 per thousand- -260 per thousand. These isotopic characteristics are fallen into transitional phase of acetatefermentation and CO_2 reduction as defined by Whiticar et al. (1986). An important discovery in theLuliang Basin is the carbon isotopic composition of ethane of purely biogenetic origin, i.e., itsδ^(13.C_2 values are within the range of - 61.2 per thousand - - 66.0 per thousand. These carbonisotopic values have been r

关键词： bacterial gas, carbon and hydrogen isotope, CO2 reduction, acetate fermentation.

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Formation mechanism of carbonate cemented zones adjacent to the top overpressured surface in the central Junggar Basin,NW china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2010年第4期53卷 529-540页

作者： YANG Zhi1,2,ZOU CaiNeng1,3.HE Sheng2,LI QiYan1,HE ZhiLiang3.WU HengZhi5,CAO Feng1,MENG XianLong4,WANG FuRong2 & XIAO Qilin21 State Key Laboratory of EOR,Research Institute of petroleum exploration & Development,Petrochina,Beijing 100083.china 2 Key Laboratory of Tectonics and petroleum Resources of Ministry of Education,china University of Geosciences,Wuhan 43.074,china 3.State Key Laboratory of EOR,Research Institute of petroleum exploration & Development,Petrochina,Beijing 100083.china 4 Research Institute of petroleum exploration and {13.,sinopec,Beijing 100083.china 5 southwest branch company,sinopec,Chengdu 610051,china State Key Laboratory of EOR Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development PetroChina Beijing China Key Laboratory of Tectonics and petroleum Resources of Ministry of Education China University of Geosciences Wuhan China State Key Laboratory of EOR Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development Petrochina Beijing China southwest branch company SINOPEC Chengdu China Research Institute of petroleum exploration and production SINOPEC Beijing China

Carbonate cemented zones are normally adjacent to the top overpressured surface in the central Junggar Basin,NW *** carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions and petrological investigations of carbonate cements in the carbonate cemented zones indicate that:(1) carbonate cements are composed dominantly of ferrocalcite,ferroan dolomite,and ankerite;(2) carbonate cements are formed under a high temperature circumstance in the subsurface,and organic fluid migration has an important effect on the formation of them;and(3. carbon and oxygen ions in the carbonate cements migrate from the underlying overpressured *** suggests that the occurrence of carbonate cemented zones in this region results from multiple phases of organic fluid expulsion out of the overpressure compartment through geological *** study provides a plausible mechanism of the formation of carbonate cemented zones adjacent to the top overpressured surface in the clastic sedimentary basins,and has an important implication for understanding the internal correlation between the formation of carbonate cemented zones adjacent to top overpressured surface and geofluids expulsion out of overpressured system.

关键词： carbonate cemented zones formation mechanism stable carbon and oxygen isotopic top overpressured surface central Junggar Basin coal-bearing strata

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Natural gas geochemistry and its origins in Kuqa depression

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S1期51卷 174-182页

作者： LIU QuanYou 1 ,QIN ShengFei 1 ,LI Jian 2 ,LIU WenHui 3.,ZHANG DianWei 3.,ZHOU QingHua 1 &HU AnPing 1 1 Research Institute of petroleum exploration and Development,Petrochina,Beijing 100083.china 2 Langfang branch of Research Institute of petroleum exploration and Development,Petrochina,Langfang 065007,china 3.exploration and production Research Institute,sinopec,Beijing 100083.china Research Institute of petroleum exploration and Development PetroChina Beijing China Langfang branch of Research Institute of petroleum exploration and Development PetroChina Langfang China exploration and production Research Institute SINOPEC Beijing China

According to gas compositional and carbon isotopic measurement of 114 gas samples from the Kuqa depression,accumulation of the natural gases in the depression is dominated by hydrocarbon gases, with high gas dryness(C1/C1-4)at the middle and northern parts of the depression and low one towards east and west sides and southern *** carbon isotopes of methane and its homologues are relatively enriched in 13.C,and the distributive range ofδ13. 1 ,δ13. 2 andδ13. 3.is-3.‰―-3.‰,-22‰―-24‰and-20‰―-22‰,*** general,the carbon isotopes of gaseous alkanes become less negative with the increase of carbon ***δ13. CO2 value is less than-10‰in the Kuqa depression,indicating its organogenic *** distributive range of 3.He/ 4 He ratio is within n×10-8 and a decrease in 3.He/ 4 He ratio from north to south in the depression is *** on the geochemical parameters of natural gas above,natural gas in the Kuqa depression is of characteristics of coal-type gas *** possible reasons for the partial reversal of stable carbon isotopes of gaseous alkanes involve the mixing of gases from one common source rock with different thermal maturity or from two separated source rock intervals of similar kerogen type,multistages accumulation of natural gas under high-temperature and over-pressure conditions,and sufficiency and diffusion of natural gas.

关键词： Kuqa depression natural gas stable carbon isotope gas origin

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Quantitative studies of hydrocarbon loss of the Silurian bitumen sandstone in the Tarim Basin

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S2期51卷 101-107页

作者： JIANG ZhenXue1,2,PANG XiongQi1,2,LIU LuoFu1,2,WANG XianDong3.ZHANG Jun4 & LI HongYi1,2 1 Basin and Reservoir Research Center,china University of petroleum,Beijing 102249,china 2 State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resource and Prospecting,china University of petroleum,Beijing 102249,china 3.Research Institute of exploration and Development,Daqing Oilfield company Ltd,Daqing 163.12,china 4 petroleum exploration and production Institute of{13.,Beijing 100083.china Basin and Reservoir Research Center China University of Petroleum Beijing China State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resource and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing China Research Institute of exploration and Development Daqing Oilfield Company Ltd Daqing China petroleum exploration and production Institute of{3. Beijing China

The evolution of Tarim Basin experienced several tectonic movements,of which Caledonian movement caused a serious damage to reservoirs of Silurian. The earlier reservoirs size and the later hydrocarbon loss are two key factors to exploration prospect of Silurian. On the basis of net thickness of bituminous sandstone and recovery coefficient of crude oil converting to bitumen,the scale of the hydrocarbon loss of palaeo-accumulation in bitumen sandstone of Silurian was calculated (86.3.×108t). The deter-mination of net thickness of bitumen sandstone was completed mainly by several methods,such as physical property demarcation,observing lithology,grains with oil inclusion (GOI) technology,and quantitative grains fluorescence (QGF) technology. The samples of black sandstone and white sand-stone were collected and compared by means of the methods mentioned above. The results showed that there was little hydrocarbon,or none,in the white sandstone. The recovery coefficient was ob-tained by the analyses of plentiful physical parameters of crude oil and bitumen sandstone,based on the hypothesis that nonhydrocarbon compounds and bitumen were invariable in the process of bitu-men forming. The calculated result,which is more scientific and actual,indicates the exploration pros-pect is more promising in Silurian of the Tarim Basin.

关键词： Tarim Basin Silurian bitumen sandstone hydrocarbon loss quantitative research recovery coefficient

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Quantitative description of characteristics of high-capacity channels in unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs using in situ production data

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petroleum Science 2010年第1期7卷 106-111页

作者： Wang Xuezhong Wang Jianyong Wang Chuanfei Zeng Liufang Liu Xuewei Xinjiang exploration ＆ production Center Shengli Oilfield Company Sinopec Dongying Shandong 257000 China sinopec Beijing 100728 China china University of petroleum Dongying Shandong 257061 China Gudong Oil production Plant Shengli Oilfield Company Sinopec Dongying Shandong 257237 China Institute of Porous Flow ＆ Fluid Mechanics CNPC ＆ Chinese Academy of Sciences Langfang Hebei 065007 China

Quantitative description of the high-capacity channels in unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs, into which water was injected to improve oil recovery, is a hot topic in the field of reservoir development. This paper presents a novel approach to describing quantitatively the characteristics of connected macropores in unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs using in situ production data. Based on physical simulation for formation mechanisms of high capacity channels and interwell tracer test data, a mathematical model was established to describe high-capacity channels by grey correlation theory, flow mechanism of fluid in porous media and reservoir engineering, and a program was developed to describe quantitatively the channel characteristics. The predicted results were consistent with field monitoring data （80%）, so this model could be economically and effectively used to identify high-capacity channels.

关键词： High-capacity channel unconsolidated sandstone quantitative description physical simulation interwell tracer grey correlation theory

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Control of neotectonic movement on hydrocarbon accumulation in the Kuqa Foreland Basin,west china

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petroleum Science 2010年第1期7卷 49-58页

作者： Jiang Zhenxue Li Lianxia Song Yan Tian Fenghua Zhao Mengjun Wang Haijiang Zhao Zhenxing State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Basin and Reservoir Research Center China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China exploration and Development Research Institute PetroChina Beijing 100083 China Department of exploration ＆ Development PetroChina CBM Limited Company Beijing 100013 China exploration Department Tarim Oilfield Company PetroChina Kuerle Xinjiang 841000 China No.8 Oil production Plant Changqing Oilfield Company PetroChina Xi＇an Shaanxi 710018 China

Neotectonic movement refers to the tectonic movement that has happened since the Cenozoic, which is the latest movement. It has the most important influence on the basins in west china, especially on the hydrocarbon accumulation in the western foreland basins. We determined the time of neotectonic movement in the Kuqa Foreland Basin, which began from the Neogene, and analyzed the patterns of movement, which were continuous and fast subsidence in the vertical direction and intense lateral compression. The structure styles are that the faulting is weakened and the folding is strengthened gradually from north to south. We studied the control of neotectonic movement on the hydrocarbon accumulation process and model in the Kuqa Foreland Basin with basin simulation technique. The largest subsidence rate of the Kuqa Foreland Basin reached 1,200 m/Ma during the neotectonic movement, leading to rapid maturing of source rock within 5 Ma and a large quantity of hydrocarbon being generated and expelled. The thick neotectonic strata can form high quality reservoirs with the proved gas and oil reserves accounting for 5% and 27% of the total reserves, respectively. 86% of the structural traps were formed in the neotectonic movement period. The faults formed during the neotectonic movement serve as important migration pathways and they exist in the region where the hydrocarbon reservoirs are distributed. Abnormally high pressure caused by the intense lateral compression, thick neotectonic strata deposition and rapid hydrocarbon generation provide driving force for hydrocarbon migration. The accumulation elements match each other well over a short period, leading to many large gas fields formed later in the Kuqa Foreland Basin.

关键词： Kuqa Foreland Basin neotectonic movement accumulation element accumulation process accumulation model

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Total alkyl dibenzothiophenes content tracing the filling pathway of condensate reservoir in the Fushan Depression,south china Sea

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S2期51卷 138-145页

作者： LI MeiJun1,WANG TieGuan1,LIU Ju2,ZHANG MeiZhu2,LU Hong3.MA QinLin2 & GAO LiHui2 1 State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resources and Prospecting,Earth Sciences and Geoinformatics School,china University of petroleum,Beijing 102249,china 2 southern Oil exploration and Development company,Petrochina,Guangzhou 510640,china 3.Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510240,china State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resources and Prospecting Earth Sciences and Geoinformatics School China University of Petroleum Beijing China southern Oil exploration and Development company PetroChina Guangzhou China Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China

The condensates are generally characterized by high maturity,low concentration of steranes and ter-panes biomarkers and low content of non-hydrocarbon fraction. In this case commonly used steranes,terpanes and carbazoles parameters cannot be effectively applied in the reservoir-filling tracing. The hydrogen bond formed by sulfur atom in the dibenzothiophenes (DBTs) results in molecule adsorption and fractionation during oil migration in reservoir. Like carbazoles,total DBTs content decreases with the increasing of oil migration distance. Therefore,a new parameter——total DBTs content is proposed to be used to trace the oil migration orientation and filling pathway. In present study,total DBTs con-tents of condensates and light oils are obtained by adding internal standard——eight deuterium atoms substituted DBT during Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry analysis of aromatic fraction. Except for a few samples with much lower content of non-hydrocarbon fraction,the total DBTs content shows a fine positive correlation with that of carbazoles. Large errors can be caused in the process of pyrrolic nitrogen compounds separation. The application of this new parameter in the Fushan Depression of Beibu Gulf Basin,south china Sea indicates that this parameter is a reliable one to trace filling pathway in condensate reservoirs. Combined with other DBTs-related parameters,such as 4-/1-methydibenzo-thiophene and 2,4-/1,4-dimethyldibenzothiophene,oil migration orientation and filling pathway of the Fushan Depression was determined. The accumulations of Huachang oil field in the Fushan Depres-sion are mainly migrated and charged from northeast to southeast along the Huachang uplift. It can be predicated that the light oil and condensates in the Huachang oil field should be sourced from the source kitchen at the Bailian Sag. It shows that total DBTs content is an effective parameter to tracing oil migration orientation and filling pathway.

关键词： dibenzothiophene alkyl dibenzothiophene condensate reservoir filling pathway molecular markers the Fushan Depression

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Petrophysical and capillary pressure properties of the upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation tight gas sandstones in western Sichuan,china

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petroleum Science 2011年第1期8卷 34-42页

作者： Ye Sujuan Lu Zhengxiang Li Rong exploration and production Research Institute Sinopec Southwest CompanySichuan 610081China Chengdu Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources Sichuan 610081China

The tight sandstones of the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation（T_3.） constitute important gas reservoirs in western *** Xujiahe sandstones are characterized by low to very low porosity （av.5.22%and 3.62%） for the T_3.^4 and T_3.^2 sandstones,respectively）,extremely low permeability（av. 0.060 mD and 0.058 mD for the T_3.^4 and T_3.^2 sandstones,respectively）,strong heterogeneity,micronano pore throat,and poor pore throat *** a result of complex pore structure and the occurrence of fractures,weak correlations exist between petrophysical properties and pore throat size,demonstrating that porosity or pore throat size alone does not serve as a good permeability *** improved correlations can be obtained between permeability and porosity when pore throat radii are incorporated. Correlations between porosity,permeability,and pore throat radii corresponding to different saturations of mercury were established,showing that the pore throat radius at 20%mercury saturation（R_（20）） is the best permeability *** regression analysis and artificial neural network（ANN） methods were used to establish permeability prediction models and the unique characteristics of neural networks enable them to be more successful in predicting permeability than the multivariate regression *** addition, four petrophysical rock types can be identified based on the distributions of R_（20）,each exhibiting distinct petrophysical properties and corresponding to different flow units.

关键词： Western Sichuan upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation tight sandstones permeability porosity pore throat radius regression analysis artificial neural network

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Combination and superimposition of source kitchens and their effects on hydrocarbon accumulation in the hinterland of the Junggar Basin,west china

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petroleum Science 2010年第1期7卷 59-72页

作者： Zhang Zhihuan Qin Liming Qiu Nansheng Zhong Ningning Zhang Zhenying Li Wei State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Beijing Institute of Economic Management Hebei 102602 China sinopec International petroleum exploration and {3. Corporation Beijing 100083 China

In the hinterland of the Junggar Basin, there are multiple depressions with multiple sets of source rocks. Therefore, the conditions of hydrocarbon sources are complex, and the geochemical characteristics and sources of hydrocarbon vary in different structural belts. The evolution of the Che- Mo palaeohigh affected the formation of hydrocarbon source kitchens and hydrocarbon migration. We studied the combination and superimposition of hydrocarbon source kitchens, using as an example the hinterland of the Junggar Basin （including the Yongjin, Zhengshacun, Moxizhuang and Luliang uplift areas）. The study was based on geochemical analyses of crude oil and fluid inclusions, and the histories of tectonic evolution and hydrocarbon generation. The results indicated that before the Paleogene there were two hydrocarbon-generating depressions： the Western Well Penl depression and the Changji depression on the south and north sides of the Che-Mo palaeohigh, respectively. The Permian source kitchen had been generating hydrocarbon continuously since Triassic and reached high maturity stage in the Cretaceous period. After Paleogene, the adjustment of the Che-Mo palaeohigh led to the subsidence of the Changji depression and the Jurassic source rocks reached mature stage and became the main source kitchens. However, the Jurassic source rocks in the Western Well Penl depression were still in a low maturity stage and did not generate oil because of the adjustment of tectonic movements. As a result, in the central and southern parts of the Junggar Basin, Jurassic source rocks generated oil, but in the Luliang uplift, the crude oil was from the Permian source rocks in the Western Well Penl depression and the Jurassic source rocks did not contribute. The crude oil in the central Zhengshacun-Moxizhuang belt was from the Permian source rocks in two depressions, and partially from the Jurassic source rocks. The crude oil in the Luliang uplift was from the source rocks of the lower Permian F

关键词： Hinterland of the Junggar Basin hydrocarbon source kitchen oil source combination and superimposition accumulation stage

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松南地区十屋断陷非构造圈闭特征

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天然气工业 2004年第3期24卷 40-43页

作者：冯昌寿中国石化石油勘探开发研究院荆州新区勘探研究所

随着油气勘探的逐渐深入 ,现已在十屋断陷发现许多圈闭 ,这些圈闭中已见到较好的工业油气流。特别是部分井在非构造上打出高产气井之后 ,人们逐渐注重非构造圈闭的研究。根据钻井、地震剖面反射特征分析 ,综合前人研究成果 ,认为十屋断... 详细信息

随着油气勘探的逐渐深入 ,现已在十屋断陷发现许多圈闭 ,这些圈闭中已见到较好的工业油气流。特别是部分井在非构造上打出高产气井之后 ,人们逐渐注重非构造圈闭的研究。根据钻井、地震剖面反射特征分析 ,综合前人研究成果 ,认为十屋断陷非构造圈闭主要为地层圈闭、岩性圈闭、复合圈闭三种类型。地层圈闭主要表现为削切不整合面 ,超覆不整合面 ;岩性圈闭主要是沙河子组、营城组、登娄库组低水位期发育的冲积扇砂体 ,河道砂体、湖泊三角洲砂体上倾尖灭、水下重力流河道砂体 ;复合圈闭主要为地层岩性与构造 (背斜 )圈闭共同构成。

关键词：油气勘探非构造圈闭十屋断陷地层圈闭超覆不整合圈闭冲积扇砂体圈闭

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