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The potential effect of variations in climate and agricultural practice on N_2O emissions (Ⅱ)——Variations in agricultural practice

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1999年第S2期44卷 97-99页

作者： XU Wenbin~(1,2), HONG Yetang~1, CHEN Xuhui~3. LI Changsheng~4, LIN Qinghua~1 and WANG Yu~1, 1. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, institute of Geochemistry, Chinese academy of sciences, {3. 550002, china 2. institute of Environment and Resources Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 3.0027, china 3. soil and fertilizer institute, guizhou academy of agricultural sciences, guiyang 550013, china 4. institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, USA State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guiyang 550002 China institute of Environment and Resources Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China soil and fertilizer institute Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences Guiyang 550013 China institute for the Study of Earth Oceans and Space University of New Hampshire Durham NH United States

WE expanded Decomposition-Denitrification （DNDC）modeling study to systematically assess the potential effect of farming practice on N2O emission by choosing a corn-rape rotation and a soybean-winterwheat rotation field in guizhou Province, westsouthern china, asN2O emission from subtropical agricultural {3. study plots. These sensitivity studies address questions relevant to issue of how change in fanning practice might be used to mitigate emissions. Manure additions had the most pronounced impact on N2O emissions of farming practice simulatedand the influence of manure addition was nonlinear （fig. 1）. This result is consistent with previous studies for an Iowa corn field. The addition of manure remarkably elevates the level of organic carbon, enhances {3. nitrogen mineralization, and increases the efficiency of N2O production. Simulated results alsoshowed that the influence of manure additions on N2O emission from soybean-winter wheat field had

关键词： N2O emission farming practice potential effect agricultural soil.

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The influence of temperature on diurnal and seasonal variations of N_2O flux from agricultural soilis in guizhou

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1999年第S2期44卷 101-102页

作者： XU Wenbin~(1,2), HONG Yetang~1, CHEN Xuhui~3. QIN Song~3.and JIANG Taiming~3.1. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, institute of Geochemistry, Chinese academy of sciences, {3. 550002, china 2. institute of Environment and Resources Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 3.0027, china 3. soil and fertilizer institute, guizhou academy of agricultural sciences, guiyang 550013, china

agricultural soils are the major anthropogenic source of N2O, and temperature is one of the importantenvironmental factors controlling production and emission of N2O from soil. This work focuses on the influence of temperature on diurnal and seasonal variations of N2O flux from subtropical agricultural *** was done by seasonal measuring N2O flux and soil temperature at a corn-rape rotation, a soybeanwinter wheat rotation and a fallow field （106°66’E, 26°50’N, 1140 m a.s.1.）, at soil and fertilizer institute, guizhou academy of agricultural sciences. Available nitrogen content of above three fields wasapproximately 0.71%, organic matter content 10.6-12.0 g/kg, clay （3..0%, and pH was about 7.5 throughout the whole experiment. Measuring period was between 20 Mar.

关键词： N2O flux temperature diurnal variation seasonal variation agricultural soil.

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Impact of Seasalt Deposition on Acid soils in Maritime Regions

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Pedosphere 2003年第4期13卷 375-380页

作者： ZHANG Zhen-Huainstitute of soil and fertilizer, Jiangsu {3. of agricultural sciences, Nanjing 210014 (china), instituteofsoilandfertilizer JiangsuAcademyofAgriculturalSciencesNanjing210014China

The characteristics of seasalt deposition and its impact on acid soils in maritime regions are reviewed. It is pointed out that studies involving the impact of seasalt deposition on acid soils have been concentrated on short-term effects on soil and water acidification. A deep consideration of long-term effects on soil acidification in maritime regions is still needed.

关键词： acidification maritime regions seasalt deposition

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Physical mechanisms of plant roots affecting weathering and leaching of loess soil

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Science china Earth sciences 2006年第9期49卷 1002-1008页

作者： LI Yong1,2, ZHANG Qingwen1,2, WAN Guojiang3. HUANG Ronggui3. PIAO Hechun3. BAI Lingyu2 & LI Lu2 1. State Key Laboratory of soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, institute of soil and Water Conservation, Chinese {3. of sciences, Yangling 712100, china 2. institute of Agro-Environment and Sustainable Development, Chinese {3. of agricultural sciences, Beijing 100081, china 3. institute of Geochemistry, Chinese {3. of sciences, guiyang 550002, china 1. State Key Laboratory of soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Chinese Academy of Sciences Yangling 712100 China 2. institute of Agro-Environment and Sustainable Development Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 China 3. institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guiyang 550002 China

Plant roots have potential impacts on soil mineral weathering and *** objective is to understand the physical mechanisms of plant roots affecting weathering andleaching of loess soil. Root densities were measured through the method of a large-size dug profile,and transport fluxes of soil elements were determined using an undisturbed monolith soilinfiltration device on the hilly and gully regions of the Chinese Loess Plateau. The results showthat the improvement effects of soil environment by plant roots are mainly controlled by the densityand weight of the fibrous roots with the diameters less than 1 mm. Plant roots have the strongereffects on soil physical properties than chemical properties. The principal components analysis(PCA) indicates that soil physical properties by plant roots account for 56.7% of variations in soilenvironment whereas soil chemical properties and pH contribute about 24.2% of the soil *** roles of plant roots in controlling soil weathering and leaching increased in the followingorder: infiltration enhancement > increase of bio-active substance > stabilization of soilstructure. The effects of plant roots on soil mineral weathering and leaching can be quantifiedusing the multiple regression models with the high prediction accuracies developed in this study.

关键词： plant roots, soil weathering and leaching rates, soil environment field, principal components analysis (PCA), Chinese Loess Plateau.

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Use of Controlled Release fertilizer for Increasing N Efficiency of Direct Seeding Rice

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Pedosphere 2001年第4期11卷 333-339页

作者： FU JIANRONG, ZHU YUANHONG and JIANG LINA institute of soil and fertilizer, Zhejiang {3. of agricultural sciences, Hangzhou 3.0021 (china) 浙江省农业科学院土壤与肥料所浙江杭州 310021

Field trials on a silt-loamy paddy soil derived from shallow-sea deposit in direct seeding rice fields were conducted in Zhejiang, china, in 1996 to compare N efficiency of controlled release fertilizers (LP fertilizers) with the conventional urea. Six treatments including CK (no N fertilizer), conventional urea and different types of LP fertilizers at different rates were designed for two succeeding crops of early and late rice. A blend of different types of LP fertilizers as a single preplant "co-situs" application released N in a rate and amount synchronizing with uptake pattern of direct seeding rice. A single preplant application of the LP fertilizers could meet the N requirement of rice for the whole growth period without need of topdressing. Using LP fertilizer blends, equivalent grain yields could be maintained even if the N fertilization rates were reduced by 25%～50% compared with the conventional urea. Agronomic efficiency of the LP fertilizers was 13.6%～ 86.4% higher than that of the conventional urea in early rice and 100%～164.1% in late rice, depending on the amounts of the LP fertilizers applied. N fertilizer recovery rate increased from 27.4% for the conventional application of urea to 41.7%～54.l% for the single preplant "co-situs" application of the LP fertilizers. Use of the LP fertilizers was promising if the increase in production costs due to the high LP fertilizer prices could be compensated by increase in yield and N efficiency, reduction in labor costs and improvement in environment.

关键词： controlled release fertilizer direct seeding rice N efficiency

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Contributions of Different N Sources to Crop N Nutrition in a Chinese Rice Field

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Pedosphere 2010年第2期20卷 198-208页

作者： CHEN Yi,TANG Xu,YANG Sheng-Mao,WU Chun-Yan and WANG Jia-Yu institute of Environmental Resources and soil fertilizer,Zhejiang {3. of agricultural sciences,Hangzhou 3.0021 (china) [a] institute of Environmental Resources and soil fertilizer Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hangzhou 310021 (China)

N availability is one of the most important factors limiting crop yield *** recovery of applications of 15 N-labeled fertilizer and crop residues in a rice-wheat cropping system was determined for up to 6 consecutive growing *** crop residues from the previous season were either incorporated or removed as two different *** results showed that 16.55%-17.79% (17.17% on average) of the fertilizer N was recovered in the crop during the first growing season,suggesting that more than 80% of crop N was not directly from the N *** 15 N-labeled residues were applied,12.01% was recovered in the crop in the first growing *** average recoveries of fertilizer N and crop residue N in the {3. after the first growing season were 3..46% and 85.64%,respectively.N from {3. organic matter contributed approximately 83. of the N in the crop when 15 N fertilizer was applied or 88% when crop residues were *** was a larger difference in the total 15 N recovery in plant and {3. between N applications in the forms of fertilizer and crop *** of crop residues following the 15 N fertilizer application did not significantly promote 15 N recovery in the crop or *** average,only additional 1.94% of N for the fertilizer-applied field or 5.97% of N for the crop residue-applied field was recovered by the crops during the 2nd and 3.d growing *** total recoveries of 15 N in crop and {3. were approximately 64.3.% for the fertilizer-applied field after 6 growing seasons and 79.11% for the crop residue-applied field after 5 growing *** fertilizer N appeared to be more readily available to crops than crop residue N,crop residue N replenished {3. N pool,especially N from {3. organic matter,much more than fertilizer ***,crop residue N was a better source for sustaining {3. organic *** results suggested that the long-term effect of fertilizer or crop residues on N recovery were differen

关键词： crop residue 15 N recovery N fertilizer

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Fate of Nitrogen from Organic and Inorganic Sources in Rice-Wheat Rotation Cropping System

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agricultural sciences in china 2010年第7期9卷 1017-1025页

作者： CHEN Yi,WU Chun-yan,TANG Xu,YANG Sheng-mao and WANG Jia-yu institute of Environmental Resources and soil fertilizer,Zhejiang {3. of agricultural sciences,Hangzhou 3.0021,P.R.china [a] institute of Environmental Resources and soil fertilizer Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hangzhou 310021 P.R. China

The lower availability of N is one of the most important limiting factors impeding crop yield enhancement among the various factors that affect crop yield under the multiple-cropping agroecosystem in *** this study,the recovery of a single application of 15N-labeled fertilizer or residues in rice-wheat cropping system was determined,in order to provide theoretical foundation for the nitrogen management in sustainable agricultural production.A continuous trace experiment was conducted for 15N microplots by using randomized block design with four treatments and four replications（T1 = 15N-labeled fertilizer with crop residue incorporation,T2 = 15N-labeled residues,T3.= 14N fertilizer to generate unlabeled crop residue,and T4 = 15Nlabeled fertilizer without crop residue incorporation）.Our results showed that,on average,17.17 and 12.01% of crop N was derived from N fertilizer and 15N-labeled residues,respectively during the first growing season,suggesting that approximately 82.83.or 87.99% of crop N was derived directly from soil N *** was a larger difference in the 15N recovery pattern in crop when N was applied as fertilizer or residues,i.e.,most of crop N derived from N fertilizer was absorbed in the first growing season（92.04%）,and the relevant value was 3..03. when 15N-labeled residues were *** implied that most of N fertilizer was recovered in the present cropping season,while a longer residue effect will be found for 15N-labeled ***,the average recovery of N fertilizer and N residue in the soil after the first growing season was 3..46 and 85.64%,*** recovery of applied N in soil when N was applied as residues was significantly higher than that when N was applied as *** was a larger difference in the total 15N recovery in plant and soil when N was applied as fertilizer or *** the end of the fifth or sixth cropping season,the total 15N recovery in plant and soil when N was applied as fertilizer or resi

关键词： crop residue fertilizer fate 15N isotope nitrogen fertilizer rice field

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Transformation of Straw 14Cin Ultisol and Vertisol

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Pedosphere 1998年第2期8卷 86-91页

作者： WANG ZHIMING, HUANG DONGMAI, ZHU PEILI and YAN SHAOHUA institute of soil and fertilizer, Jiangsu {3. of agricultural sciences,Nanjing 210014 (china) institute of soil and fertilizer Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences Nanjing 210014 (China) o.uni-stuttgart.de

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关键词： carbon transformation soil microbial biomass straw 14 C

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Quantitative Relationship Between Land Use and Phosphorus Discharge in Subtropical Hilly Regions of china

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Pedosphere 2003年第1期13卷 67-74页

作者： YANG JINLING and ZHANG GANLINinstitute of soil Science, the Chinese academy of {3., Nanjing 210008 (china) institute of soil Science the Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 (China)

The increase of phosphorus concentration is a crucial factor causing the eutrophication of water body,while land use has an important impact on agricultural non-point sources (NPS) phosphorus discharge. Sevensites controlling the water in four sub-watersheds and the main exit of the Meicun Watershed of XuanchengCounty, Anhui Province, were investigated by dynamic monitoring of stream water and nutrient discharge,integrating interpretation of aerial image and GIS analysis to find out how the land use affects phosphorusloss with stream water in typical agriculture-forest watershed in subtropical china. These monitored sitesare different in structure of land use. Phosphorus concentration of the stream water was analyzed everyweek and at the next day of rainfall. The velocity of flow was measured by kinemometer to calculatethe runoff flux and phosphorus discharge. The results showed that the runoff flux and the discharges ofdissolved phosphorus (DP), particle-associated phosphorus (PAP) and total phosphorus (TP) had significantexponential relationships with the area percentages of forest, pond and paddy field. There existed a significantlinear relationship between the TP and PAP concentrations in stream water and the area percentages of forest,pond and paddy field, and the discharge of PAP was also significantly linearly correlated with the dischargeof suspended soil particles. There was a logarithmic linear relationship between DP and PAP discharges. Thestudy indicated that the adjustment of land use patterns and construction of ecologically sound landscapewould be an important measure to reduce the runoff discharge of phosphorus. The results would be veryuseful in building the best management practices (BMPs) of agricultural watershed in subtropics.

关键词： land use phosphorus runoff watershed

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Potential land for plantation of Jatropha curcas as feedstocks for biodiesel in china

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Science china Earth sciences 2010年第1期53卷 120-127页

作者： WU WeiGuang 1,2,3.HUANG JiKun 1,3.& DENG XiangZheng 1,3.1 institute of Geographic sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese academy of sciences,Beijing 100101,china 2 Department of Economics and Management,Zhejiang Forestry University,Linan 3.13.0,china 3.Center for Chinese agricultural Policy,Chinese academy of sciences,Beijing 100101,china 1. institute of Geographic sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China2. Department of Economics and Management Zhejiang Forestry University Linan 311300 China3. Center for Chinese Agricultural Policy Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China

As a renewable energy,biofuel has attracted great attention in china and the rest of *** with the national food security,china recently has shifted its biofuel development priority from grain-based to non-grain-based biofuels,including forest-based biodiesel,since *** curcas is one of major biodiesel ***,there is rising debate on availability of land for expanding Jatropha curcas *** overall goal of this paper is to evaluate potential land for Jatropha curcas used as feedstock for biodiesel in *** on remote sensing data on land use,data on meteorological,soil and land slope,and suitable environment for Jatropha curcas plantation,this study uses Agro Ecological Zone method and considers social-economic constraints to evaluate potential suitable land for Jatropha curcas plantation in china's major Jatropha curcas production region,Southwest *** results show that while there are some potential lands to expand Jatropha curcas areas,amount of these lands will hardly meet the government's target for Jatropha curcas-based biodiesels development in the *** may need to reconsider its long-term targets on the development of Jatropha curcas-based biodiesels.

关键词： biodiesel Jatropha curcas potential land suitability evaluation Southwest china

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