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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 1989年第1期2卷 72-77页

作者： KONG LINGYUAN, JIANG QUANGUAN,~2 AND QU QINGSHAN Department of Occupational health, school of public health, Beijing Medical university, Beijing, China Department of Occupational health School of Public Health Beijing Medical University China.

Trinitrotoluene (TNT) increased the formation of adrenochrome from adrenaline and the formation of formaldehyde from methanol in rat liver mitochondria and microsomes in vitro as well as in monkey liver mitrochondria and microsomes in vivo. The effects were more prominent at higher TNT concentrations. These findings indicate that TNT enhances the production of superoxide radicals (O_2^-) and hydrogen peroxide (H_2O_2). The production of O_2^- was more prominent in systems containing added TNT than in those containing added benzyl viologen. H_2O_2 production by mitochondria was more pronounced in the liver than in other organs, but its production by microsomes was more pronounced in the brain than in other organs. The results suggest that TNT undergoes cycling reduction which produces oxidative stress. 1989 Academic Press, Inc.

关键词： Brain Formation of Superoxide Radical and Hydrogen Peroxide Enhanced by Trinitrotoluene in Rat Liver Kidney and Testicle in Vitro and Monkey Liver in Vivo

Effects of estrogen on gastrocnemius muscle strain injury and regeneration in female rats

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Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2004年第11期 105-110页

作者： Xin FENG, Guo-zhen LI, Sheng WANGDepartment of Occupational and Environmental health, public health {3., Peking university health Science Center, Beijing 100083. China

AIM: To study the effects of estrogen on muscle damage and regeneration after acute passive gastrocnemius muscle strain injury in female Sprague-Dawley rats. METHODS: Rats were divided into 5 groups: ovariectomized, strained and treated with low-dosage estradiol (20 μg/d) (Elow), treated with high-dosage estradiol (200 μg/d) (Ehigh), treated with oil placebo (Oil), strained with no ovariectomy (Strain), and sham operated with no strain and no ovariectomy (Con). Muscle damage index [plasma creatine kinase (CK)], antioxidant indexes [glutathione (GSH), Vitamin E (Vit E), total antioxidant capability (TAC)], and muscle regeneration index (desmin) were investigated at 7 d. RESULTS: The plasma CK activity increased but GSH, Vit E, and TAC levels decreased after muscle strain injury (Strain vs Con P<0.05). Plasma CK activity was the greatest while GSH, Vit E, and TAC were the lowest in the Oil group among the five groups (P<0.01). Plasma CK in the Ehigh and Strain groups was lower than that in the Elow group

关键词： estrogen skeletal muscle muscle injury antioxidant regeneration desmin

Hydroxyl radicals induced by quartz particles in lung alveolar macrophages: the role of surface iron

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2006年第10期16卷 1038-1044页

作者： LI Yi, ZHU Tong, GUO Xinbiao and SHANG Yu ( State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation & Pollution Control, Peking university, Beijing 100871, China Occupational & Environmental health Sciences, school of {3. health, Peking university health Science Center, Beijing 100083. China) [a]State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation & Pollution Control Peking University Beijing China [b]Occupational & Environmental health Sciences School of Public Health Peking University Health Science Center Beijing China

Previous studies have shown that hydroxyl radical generation is a key step in the mechanism of pathogenic process caused by airborne particles to the lung. However, there is no direct evidence for dose-response relationship between airborne particles and hydroxyl radical generation. In this study, hydroxyl radicals generated in lung alveolar macrophages exposed to quartz particles were measured using a highly sensitive capillary electrophoresis-fluorescence detection method. The results demonstrated that quartz particles induced the generation of hydroxyl radical in a dose-dependent manner, and the amount of the hydroxyl radicals was 10-10 mol/10 cells. The viability of alveolar macrophages exposed to quartz particles decreased with the increase of quartz concentration, showing a clear dose-response relationship. Hydroxyl radical scavenger mannitol could increase the viability of quartz-treated cells, suggesting that hydroxyl radical contributed directly to cell death. In this study this contribution accounted for about 5%-20% of cell death. The hydroxyl radical generating potential was found to be related to surface iron content of the quartz particles.

关键词： inhalable quartz hydroxyl radical capillary electrophoresis dose-response relationship iron.

Climate change and potential distribution of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Central Iran: Horizon 203. and 2050

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2019年第5期12卷 204-215页

作者： Babak Shiravand Ahmad Ali Hanafi-Bojd Abbas Ali Dehghani Tafti Mohammad Reza Abai Ali Almodarresi Masoud Mirzaei Department of health in Disasters and Emergencies,school of public health,Shahid Sadoughi university of Medical Sciences Department of Medical Entomology&Vector Control,school of public health,Tehran university of Medical Sciences Engineering College,GIS&RS Department Yazd Branch,Islamic Azad university Department of Epidemiology&Biostatistics,school of public health,Shahid Sadoughi university of Medical Sciences Department of health in Disasters and Emergencies School of Public Health Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Department of Medical Entomology&Vector Control School of Public Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences Engineering College GIS&RS Department Yazd Branch Islamic Azad University Department of Epidemiology&Biostatistics School of Public Health Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences

Objective: To investigate and predict the effects of climate change on the potential distribution of the main vector and reservoir hosts of the disease in Yazd province in the ***: Distribution data for vector and reservoir hosts of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Yazd province were obtained from earlier studies conducted in the *** ecological niche modeling was used to predict environmental ***-CSM1-1(m) model and two climate change scenarios, RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 were used for horizons 203. and 2050 climate *** projections were based on data of a regional climate change ***: With both scenarios in 203. and 2050, the results of jackknife test indicated that the mean temperature of wettest quarter and temperature annual range had the greatest effect on the model for the vector and the reservoir hosts, ***: The climate conditions are the major determinants of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis incidence rate in Yazd *** climate conditions provide favorable habitats for ease transmission of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in this endemic *** suitability for the vector and reservoir will be expanding in the coming years compared with the current conditions, such that, in horizon 203. & 2050, the probability of the presence of the vector and reservoir within 3. 580 and 3. 949 km^2, respectively, from Yazd province is above 60%.Moreover, an increase is predicted in the presence of the vector in the western parts and the reservoir in the northern and central parts of the province in the *** the role of environmental and bioclimatic factors in zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis occurrence can provide a guide for policy-makers in the creation and implementation of more effective policies for prevention and control.

关键词： Cutaneous leishmaniasis Climate change RCP scenario Phlebotomus papatasi Rhombomys opimus

Microwave digestion method in environmental analysis

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 1996年第4期8卷 407-413页

作者： Zhang Yue (Wadsworth Centre ,New York State Department of health school of public health,State university of New York at Albany.usa) Yu Yong, Hou Huiqi,Li Changlin(Environmental Science institute,Fudan university,Shanghai 20043., China) New York State Department of health School of Public Health State University of New York Albany United States Environmental Science Institute Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China

This paper introduced the history,equipment and mechanism of the microwave digestion method. This paper studied the optimization parameter of digestion conditions, such as acid and acid combination, digestion time and applied microwave power,particle size,and other *** analytical performance in environmental research and the modification of the microwave digestion method were also discussed.

关键词： microwave digestion environmental analysis optimization parameter.

Reverse Gear: cairo’s Dependence on a Disappearing Paradigm

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Journal of Reproduction and Contraception 2005年第3期16卷 179-186页

作者： Malcolm Potts Martha campbell Bixby Professor Population and Family Planning 516 Warren Hall University of California Berkeley. CA 94720 USA. Lecturer School of Public Health 506 Warren Hall University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA

In the 1960s and 1970 s, attention was focused on rapid population growth and large scale family planning programs were launched in many developing countries. However, the paradigm for understanding fertility decline assumed that exogenous socioeconomic changes were necessary to reduce family size. By the mid-1990s, the standard model of the demographic transition had been all but discarded, partly there were numerous country experiences inconsistent with the model. The 1994 International Conference on Population and Development （ICPD） emphasized women＇s broader needs, which were important but were promoted by reducing attention to population and the need for family planning. The timing of this shift was peculiar, because the cairo proponents were depending on an already discredited model of reproductive behavior. The policy shift at cairo undermined the political coalition that had supported international family planning since the 1960s. As a result of declining financial support, the health of women has deteriorated seriously in the past decade. Meantime, the countries that have been successful in lifting unprecedented numbers of people out of abject poverty were acting independently of the cairo consensus.

关键词： ICPD family planning demographic transition Iran China evolution

TOTAL REWARD CRITERIA FOR UNCONSTRAINED/CONSTRAINED CONTINUOUS-TIME MARKOV DECISION PROCESSES

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2011年第3期24卷 491-505页

作者： Xianping GUO Lanlan ZHANG school of Mathematics and Computational Science Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China school of public health and Tropical Medicine Southern Medical University Guangzhou 510515 China

This paper studies denumerable continuous-time Markov decision processes with expected total reward criteria. The authors first study the unconstrained model with possible unbounded transition rates, and give suitable conditions on the controlled system＇s primitive data under which the authors show the existence of a solution to the total reward optimality equation and also the existence of an optimal stationary policy. Then, the authors impose a constraint on an expected total cost, and consider the associated constrained model. Basing on the results about the unconstrained model and using the Lagrange multipliers approach, the authors prove the existence of constrained-optimal policies under some additional conditions. Finally, the authors apply the results to controlled queueing systems.

关键词： Constrained-optimal policy continuous-time Markov decision process optimal policy total reward criterion unbounded reward/cost and transition rates.

Exposure to persistent organic pollutants as potential risk factors for developing diabetes

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Science China Chemistry 2010年第5期53卷 980-994页

作者： WANG ChunXiang,XU ShunQing,LV ZiQuan,LI YuanYuan,WANG YouJie & CHEN Tian Key Laboratory of Environment and health,Ministry of Education school of public health,Tongji Medical College,Huazhong university of Science and Technology,Wuhan 43.03.,China 1. Key Laboratory of Environment and health Ministry of Education School of Public Health Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 China

Persistent organic pollutants(POPs),such as dioxins,polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) ,and organochlorine pesticides(OCPs),which are synthetic chemicals or by-products with an intrinsic resistance to natural degradation processes,are released into the environment,resulting in the widespread dispersal and accumulation in the environment,as well as in human and ecological food *** to their ubiquity in the environment and lipophilic properties,there is emerging concern over the potential risks of human exposure to *** growing evidence indicated that exposure to POPs might be strongly associated with increased risk of a worldwide epidemic of diabetes,especially type 2 diabetes,suggesting that POPs might play a key role in their *** on summary of the related studies,this paper reviews the epidemiologic and experimental data that addresses the association between increased risk of diabetes and POP exposure,including dioxins,PCBs,OCPs,polybrominated flame retardants(PBFRs),and some environmental *** potential mechanisms whereby POPs cause diabetes were discussed,such as alterations in lipid metabolism,in glucose transport,in insulin signaling pathway,in steroid metabolism,and disruption of endocrine system,induction of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) .However,with respect to diabetes,some of the evidence on POPs linked to risk of diabetes was suggestive of a direct or indirect association but was limited or *** research is urgently needed for determining the relative contribution of POPs to diabetes and elucidating the exact mechanisms.

关键词： persistent organic pollutants diabetes dioxins polychlorinated biphenyls organochlorine pesticides

Study on Iron Nutritional Status in Adolescence

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 1990年第1期3卷 113-119页

作者： caI MEI-QIN AND YAN WEN-YU Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, school of public health.Shanghai Medical {3., Shanghai, China Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene School of Public Health Shanghai Medical University China.

A study on iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) in adolescence was conducted among 478 teen-age students in Shanghai. The study indicated that the intake of nutrients among the students was generally insufficient. The lack of protein, calcium, Vitamin A, Vitamin B_1, and Vitamin B_2 was more serious. The morbidities of IDA among male and female students were 15.8 and 3..6%, respectively, higher in the female group (Pcauses of IDA were analyzed by the method of stepwise regression. In a study of the effect of IDA on intelligence and physical development in adolescents, we found that there was no significant effect of IDA on intelligence quotient (IQ) and school performance. However, the speed and endurance capabilities of students of both sexes were correlated directly with hemoglobin level. In female students, the speed capability was correlated directly with the serum ferritin content. On the basis of these findings, a special 3.month school lunch program was initiated. The results indicate that a comprehensive, rational, and balanced diet is beneficial to hemoglobin, free erythrocyte porphyrin, and serum ferritin contents and improves adolescent development. 1990 Academic Press. Inc.

关键词： Study on Iron Nutritional Status in Adolescence

Which Democracy? How to Go beyond It:Response to Wang Shaoguang

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学术界 2011年第2期 260-263页

作者： Dong shanmin school of public Administration,Central South university

*** and beyond,written by Wang Shaoguang,absolutely,is an interesting and enlightening masterwork in recent *** was published by China Citic Press in *** of the topics he investigated is how to understand democracy and the relations between state-building and *** brings up two important conceptions of democracy issue in those ***,democracy,as a regime,is filled with much more fault from

关键词： Wang How to Go beyond It Which Democracy