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Metal chlorides loaded on activated carbon to capture elemental mercury

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Journal of environmental sciences 2010年第11期22卷 1814-1819页

作者： Zhemin Shen,Jing Ma,Zhijian Mei,Jianda Zhang school of environmental {2. and {3.,shanghai jiao tong University,shanghai 2.02.0,china school of environmental {2. and {3. Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China

Activated carbon （AC） was considered to be an effective sorbent to control mercury in combustion systems. However, its capture capacity was low and it required a high carbon-to-mercury mass ratio. AC loaded with catalyst showed a high elemental mercury （Hg 0 ） capture capacity due to large surface area of AC and high oxidization ability of catalyst. In this study, several metal chlorides and metal oxides were used to promote the sorption capacity of AC. As a result, metal chlorides were better than metal oxides loaded on AC to remove gaseous mercury. X-ray diffractometer （XRD）, thermogravimetric analyzer （TGA） and specific surface area by Brunauer- Emmett-Teller method （BET） analysis showed the main mechanisms： first, AC had an enormous surface area for loading enough MClx; second, Cl and MxOy were generated during pyrogenation of MClx; finally, there were lots of active elements such as Cl and MxOy which could react with elemental mercury and convert it to mercury oxide and mercury chloride. The HgO and HgCl 2.might be released from AC’s porous structure by thermo regeneration. A catalytic chemisorption mechanism predominates the sorption process of elemental mercury. As Co and Mn were valence variable metal elements, their catalytic effect on Hg 0 oxidization may accelerate both oxidation and halogenation of Hg 0 . The sorbents loaded with metal chlorides possessed a synergistic function of catalytic effect of valence variable metal and chlorine oxidation.

关键词： mercury activated carbon flue gas metal chloride metal oxide

Optimal retrofitting scenarios of multi-objective energy-efficient historic building under different national goals integrating energy simulation,reduced order modelling and NSGA-II algorithm

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Building Simulation 2024年第6期17卷 933-954页

作者： Hailu Wei Yuanhao jiao Zhe Wang Wei Wang tong Zhang school of Architecture Southeast UniversityNanjingJiangsu Province210096China Key Laboratory of Urban and Architectural Heritage Conservation(Southeast University) Ministry of EducationNanjingChina Department of Civil and environmental engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina HKUST Shenzhen-Hong Kong Collaborative Innovation Research Institute FutianShenzhenChina

Retrofitting a historic building under different national goals involves multiple objectives,constraints,and numerous potential measures and packages,therefore it is time-consuming and challenging during the early design *** study introduces a systematic retrofitting approach that incorporates standard measures for the building envelope(walls,windows,roof),as well as the heating,cooling,and lighting *** retrofit objectives are delineated based on prevailing Chinese *** retrofit measures function as genes to optimize energy-savings,carbon emissions,and net present value(NPV)by employing a log-additive decomposition approach through energy simulation techniques and NSGA-II,yielding 185,163.and 8 ***,a weighted sum method is proposed to derive optimal solutions across multiple *** framework is applied to a courtyard building in Nanjing,china,and the outcomes of the implementation are scrutinized to ascertain the optimal retrofit package under various *** this retrofit,energy consumption can be diminished by up to 63.62.,resulting in an NPV growth of 151.84%,and maximum rate of 60.48%carbon *** three result values not only indicate that the optimal values are achieved in these three aspects of energy saving,carbon reduction and economy,but also show the possibility of possible equilibrium in this multi-objective optimization *** framework proposed in this study effectively addresses the multi-objective optimization challenge in building renovation by employing a reliable optimization algorithm with a computationally efficient reduced-order *** provides valuable insights and recommendations for optimizing energy retrofit strategies and meeting various performance objectives.

关键词： historic building energy-efficient retrofitting building energy simulation log-additive decomposition approach NSGA-II

Phosphate removal and recovery through crystallization of hydroxyapatite using xonotlite as seed crystal

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Journal of environmental sciences 2009年第5期21卷 575-580页

作者： CHEN Xuechu, KONG Hainan, WU Deyi, WANG Xinze, LIN Yongyong school of environmental {2. and {3., shanghai jiao tong University, shanghai 2.02.0, china school of environmental {2. and {3. Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China

Xonotlite was synthesized and tested for phosphate removal and recovery from synthetic solution in a batch mode. The effects of pH, initial calcium concentration, bicarbonate concentration on phosphate removal through crystallization were examined. The morphology and X-ray diffraction （XRD） pattern of xonotlite before and after crystallization confirmed the formation of crystalline hydroxyapatite. The results indicated that the crystallization product had a very high P content （〉 10%）, which is comparable to phosphate rock at the dosage of 50-2.0 mg xonotlite per liter, with a maximum P content of 16.7%. The kinetics of phosphate removal followed the second-order reaction equation. The phosphate removal ability increased with increasing pH. The precipitation of calcium phosphate took place when pH was higher than 7.2. whereas the crystallization occurred at pH 6.0. A high calcium concentration could promote the removal of phosphate via crystallization, while a high bicarbonate concentration also enhanced phosphate removal, through that the pH was increased and thus induced the precipitation process. When xonotlite was used to remove phosphate from wastewater, the removal efficiency could reach 91.3. after 2. h reaction, with removal capacity 13. mg/g. The results indicated that xonotlite might be used as an effective crystal seed for the removal and recovery of phosphate from aqueous solution.

关键词： phosphate recovery crystallization xonotlite

Emergency membrane contactor based absorption system for ammonia leaks in water treatment plants

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Journal of environmental sciences 2008年第10期20卷 1189-1194页

作者： SHAO Jiahui, FANG Xuliang, HE Yiliang, JIN Qiang school of environmental {2. and {3., shanghai jiao tong Univerisity, 800 Dongchuan Road, shanghai 2.02.0, china school of environmental {2. and {3. Shanghai Jiao Tong Univerisity 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 China

Because of the suspected health risks of trihalomethanes (THMs), more and more water treatment plants have replaced traditional chlorine disinfection process with chloramines but often without the proper absorption system installed in the case of ammonia leaks in the storage room. A pilot plant membrane absorption system was developed and installed in a water treatment plant for this purpose. Experimentally determined contact angle, surface tension, and corrosion tests indicated that the sulfuric acid was the proper choice as the absorbent for leaking ammonia using polypropylene hollow fiber membrane contactor. Effects of several operating conditions on the mass transfer coeffcient, ammonia absorption, and removal effciency were examined, including the liquid concentration, liquid velocity, and feed gas concentration. Under the operation conditions investigated, the gas absorption effciency over 99.9% was achieved. This indicated that the designed pilot plant membrane absorption system was effective to absorb the leaking ammonia in the model storage room. The removal rate of the ammonia in the model storage room was also experimentally and theoretically found to be primarily determined by the ammonia suction flow rate from the ammonia storage room to the membrane contactor. The ammonia removal rate of 99.9% was expected to be achieved within 1.3.h at the ammonia gas flow rate of 500 m3.h. The success of the pilot plant membrane absorption system developed in this study illustrated the potential of this technology for ammonia leaks in water treatment plant, also paved the way towards a larger scale application.

关键词： membrane contactor polypropylene hollow fiber ammonia absorption water treatment plants

Biosorption of Cu(Ⅱ) on extracellular polymers from Bacillus sp.F19

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Journal of environmental sciences 2008年第11期20卷 1288-1293页

作者： ZHENG Yan,FANG Xuliang,YE Zhilong,LI Yahong,CAI weimin school of environmental {2. and {3.,shanghai jiao tong University,shanghai 2.02.0,china. school of environmental {2. and {3. Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China

Biosorption can be an effective process for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous *** adsorption of Cu(Ⅱ) from aqueous solution on the extracellular polymers (EPS) from Bacillus sp.(named MBFF19) with respect to pH,incubation time,concentration of initial Cu(Ⅱ),and biosorbent dose was *** of Cu(Ⅱ) is highly pH *** maximum uptake of Cu(Ⅱ) (89.62.mg/g) was obtained at pH *** equilibrium was established in approximately 10 *** correlation coeffcient of mor...

关键词： Bacillus sp. biosorption extracellular polymers isotherms

Variation of phytoplankton community before an induced cyanobacterial(Arthrospira platensis) bloom

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Journal of environmental sciences 2009年第12期21卷 1632-1638页

作者： WANG Chong, HUANG Yingying, HE Shengbing, LIN Yan, WANG Xinze, KONG Hainan school of environmental {2. and {3., shanghai jiao tong University, shanghai 2.02.0, china. school of environmental {2. and {3. Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China

A cyanobacterial （Arthrospira platensis） bloom was induced in situ by nutrient manipulation in an enclosure. The succession of the phytoplankton community and the water chemistry variations before the appearance of bloom, as well as their relationship, were investigated. The cell pigment variations were studied simultaneously. The Pearson＇s correlation analysis showed that there was no significant correlation between water chemistry and green algal or cyanobacterial composition, indicating that water chemistry variations were not suitable to be used as indicators for cyanobacterial-bloom early-warning. However, the diversity index of the phytoplankton community decreased sharply before the bloom appeared. Therefore, the dynamics of phytoplankton community was put forward to be an indicator for cyanobacterial-bloom early-warning. In addition, the cell pigment variations represented the changes of community structure, which should be useful for studying the dynamics of phytoplankton community.

关键词： bloom cyanobacteria community pigments early-warning

New Receiving Mode of Extinction for Determining Particle Size and Density without Convex Lens

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Chinese Journal of Lasers 2002年第1期11卷 46-51页

作者： WU Weiliang CHEN Hanping (school of Power and Energy engineering, {2. {3. tong University, shanghai 2.0030, china) CAI Xiaoshu WANG Naining (school of Power and Energy engineering, University of {2. for science and Technology, {2. 2 school of Power and Energy engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University 上海 200030 school of Power and Energy engineering University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 上海 200093

In this article a new receiving mode for scattering light by particle is theoretically discussed. Using this receiving mode the convex lens can be omitted during determining the extinction of particle. Therefore the extinction coefficient of sphere particles is redefined by extrapolating the conventional one. In terms of the calculation results of light scattering the definition of near-field extinction coefficient of a swarm particle is depicted. Through the error analysis it is proved that the error coming from the new definition of extinction coefficient is acceptable for engineering application. In addition, a technique for determining the particle size and density is presented in this article and the advantage using this receiving mode is described.

关键词： extinction of particle light scattering fluctuation method particle size particle density

Kinetic theory of self-condensing vinyl polymerization

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science china Chemistry 2010年第12期53卷 2429-2439页

作者： ZHOU ZhiPing 1 & YAN DeYue 2.1 school of Materials science and {2.,Jiangsu University,Zhenjiang 2.2.13.{3. 2.school of Chemistry and Chemical {2.,shanghai jiao tong University,shanghai 2.02.0,{3. school of Materials science and {2. Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China school of Chemistry and Chemical engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China

This review introduces the kinetic theory of self-condensing vinyl polymerization (SCVP),including the SCVP of AB inimers,the SCVP with non-equal reactivity between A and B groups,the SCVP in the presence of a small amount of multifunctional initiators,also the SCVP of both inimers and *** analytical expressions of various molecular parameters for the resulting hyperbranched polymers,such as the molecular size distribution function,the average molecular weight,the polydispersity index and the degree of branching,are reviewed systematically.

关键词： kinetic theory self-condensing vinyl polymerization (SCVP) hyperbranched polymers

Effect of Cold Rolling on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AISI 3.1LN Metastable Austenitic Stainless Steels

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2012年第10期19卷 59-63页

作者： HUANG Jun-xia1, YE Xiao-ning1, XU Zhou2.(1. shanghai Baosteel Research Institute, shanghai 2.04{2., china 2. {{2. of Material science and engineering, shanghai jiao tong University, shanghai 2.02.0, china) shanghai Baosteel Research Institute Shanghai China school of Material science and {2. Shanghai Iiao Tong University Shanghai China

The microstructure and mechanical properties evolution of AISI 3.1LN metastable austenitic stainless steels during cold rolling were investigated. A wide range of cold thickness reduction (10%-80%) was carried out in a four-high rolling mill at ambient temperature. The X-ray and Feritscope MP3. were used to identify the strain-induced α′-martensite phase and its volume fraction, respectively. The microstructure was observed by optical micrograph and the mechanical properties were determined by tensile tests and microhardness. The results show that the strain-induced α′-martensite nucleated at the shear bands intersections and the growth of α′-martensite occurred by the repeated nucleation of new embryos. The volume fraction of strain-induced α′-martensite increased with increasing the cold rolling reduction. In addition, the percentage increased in the tensile strength is the same as that of hardness. The ratio between the average tensile strength and the average microhardness was found to range between 2.82.and 3.17.

关键词： metastable austenitic stainless steel cold rolling reduction strength