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Macro-and microscopic mechanical behaviour of flow of coal samples experimentally deformed at high temperatures and pressures

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2005年第S1期50卷 59-66页

作者： LIU Junlai , YANG Guang & MA Rui State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral resources, china university of geosciences, beijing 100083,{3. Key Laboratory of Lithosphere Tectonics and Lithoprobing Technology of Ministry of Education, china university of geosciences, beijing 100083,{3. College of earth sciences, Jilin university, Changchun 13.061,{3. State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral resources China University of Geosciences Beijing China Key Laboratory of Lithosphere Tectonics and Lithoprobing Technology of Ministry of Education China University of Geosciences Beijing China College of earth sciences Jilin University Changchun China

Coal samples from Qinshui Basin, Shanxi, china are experimentally deformed at temperatures and confining pressures of 200 - 500℃and 200 - 500 Mpa, strain rate of 0.5×10-5/s and total strain of 10%. The vitrinite reflectance of the coal samples varies from 3.04 to 1.79. It is shown that the strengths of the deformed samples change obviously with coeval increasing temperatures and pressures (T/P). At the experimental range of T/P, the effects of increasing temperature predominate over that of increasing pressure. Microstructural analysis indicates a brittle to ductile transition under experimental T/P conditions from 200 to 3.0℃, and 200 to 3.0Mpa. Brittle deformation microstruc-tures include macroscopic fracture zones and penetrative fracture associations. Elongation, undulose or irregular extinction, deformation lamellae and dynamic recrystallization of grains are the main ductile deformation microstructures. The variation of deformation mechanisms of the experimentally deformed coal samples is related to both the components of coals and T/P conditions. At low T/P, fractures occur in both inertinite and vitrinite of the samples. At higher T/P, crystalline plastic deformations are observed in the inertinite only.

关键词： coal experimental deformation brittle to ductile transition.

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Sm-Nd and zircon SHRIMP U-Pb dating of Huilanshan mafic granulite in the Dabie Mountains and its zircon trace element geochemistry

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Science china earth sciences 2005年第12期48卷 2081-2091页

作者： HOU Zhenhui1, LI Shuguang1, CHEN Nengsong2, LI Qiuli1 & LIU Xiaoming3.1. school of earth and Space sciences, {3. of Science and Technology of china, Hefei 23.026, china 2. The Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics of the Ministry of Education, Northwest {3., Xi’an 710069, china 3. Faculty of earth sciences, china university of geosciences, Wuhan 43.074, china school of earth and Space sciences University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China The Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics of the Ministry of Education Northwest University Xi’an China Faculty of earth sciences China University of Geosciences Wuhan China

The mafic granulites from Huilanshan are outcropped on the center of the Luotian dome in the northern Dabie Mountains. The Sm-Nd isochron defined by granulite-facies meta-morphic minerals (garnet + clinopyroxene + hypersthene) yields an age of 13. ± 18 Ma indicating the early Cretaceous granulite-facies metamorphism. The cathodoluminescence (CL) images of zircons from the granulite show clearly core-mantle-rim structures. The zircon cores are charac-terized by typical oscillatory zoning and highly HREE enriched patterns, which suggests their magma origin. Some zircon cores among them with little Pb loss give SHRIMP U-Pb ages rang-ing from 753.to 780 Ma, which suggests that the protolith of Huilanshan granulite is Neopro-terozoic mafic rocks. The zircon mantles usually cut across the oscillatory zone of the zircon cores have 3.10 times lower REE, Th, U, Y, Nb and Ta contents than the igneous zircon cores but have high common Pb contents. These characteristics suggest that they were formed by hydrothermal alteration of the igneous zircons. The part of zircon mantles with little Pb loss give a similar SHRIMP U-Pb age (716―780 Ma) to the igneous zircon cores, which implies that the hydrothermal events occurred closely to the magmatic emplacement. In view of the strong early Cretaceous magmatism in the Luotian dome, consequently, the Huilanshan mafic granulite was formed by heating of the Neoproterozoic mafic rocks in mid-low crust, which caused the granu-lite-facies metamorphism underneath the Dabie Mountains. The similarity between the granulite metamorphic age (13. ± 18 Ma) defined by Sm-Nd isochron and K-Ar age of 123.127 Ma given by amphible from the gneiss in Luotian dome suggests a rapid uplifting of the Luotian dome, which may result in further exhumation of the ultrahigh pressure metamorphic rocks in the Dabie Mountains.

关键词： Dabie orogen, granulite, zircon U-Pb ages, Sm-Nd age.

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Process optimization of reaction of acid leaching residue of asbestos tailing and sodium hydroxide aqueous solution

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Science china(Technological sciences) 2009年第1期52卷 204-209页

作者： DU GaoXiang1,3. ZHENG ShuiLin2 & DING Hao1 1 school of Materials Science and Technology, china university of geosciences (beijing), beijing, 100083, china 2 school of Chemical and Environment Engineering, china university of Mining and Technology (beijing), beijing 100083, china 3.Hebei Qinghe Refractory Group Co. Ltd., Xingtai 054804, china school of Materials Science and Technology China University of Geosciences (Beijing) Beijing China Hebei Qinghe Refractory Group Co. Ltd. Xingtai China school of Chemical and Environment Engineering China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing) Beijing China

Silica is the major component of the acid leaching residue of asbestos tailing. The waterglass solution can be prepared by the reaction of the residue with sodium hydroxide aqueous solution. Compared to the high temperature reaction method, this process is environmental friendly and low cost. In this paper, the reaction process of the residue and the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution is optimized. The optimum reaction process parameters are as follows: the usage of sodium hydroxide is 26.4 g/100 g acid leaching residue, the reaction temperature is 90℃, the reaction time is 1 h, and the ratio of the liquid/solid is 2.0. The significance sequence of the process parameters to the alkali leaching reaction effect is the usage of sodium hydroxide > the ratio of the liquid/solid > the reaction time > the reaction temperature. The significance sequence to the leaching ratio of SiO2 is the ratio of the liquid/solid > the usage of sodium hydroxide > the reaction time > the reaction temperature. The significance sequence to the modulus of the sodium silicate is the ratio of the liquid/solid > the usage of sodium hydroxide > the reaction time > the reaction temperature. Under the optimum conditions, the leaching ratio of the SiO2 is 77.5%, and the modulus of the sodium silicate is 3.15. The XRD analysis result indicates that the major components of the alkali leaching residue are serpentine, talc, quartz and some albite.

关键词： asbestos tailing acid leaching residue sodium hydroxide process optimization

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The crustal structure under Sanjiang and its dynamic implications:Revealed by seismic reflection/refraction profile between Zhefang and Binchuan,Yunnan

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Science china earth sciences 2005年第9期48卷 1329-1336页

作者： ZHANG Zhongjie1, BAI Zhiming1, WANG Chunyong2, TENG Jiwen1, Lü Qingtian3. LI Jiliang1, LIU Yifeng1 & LIU Zhenkuan4 1. Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of sciences, beijing 100029, china 2. Institute of Geophysics, china Seismological Bureau, beijing 100085, china 3. Institute of Deposition Resource, Chinese Academy of geosciences, beijing 10003., china 4. school of Exploration and Information, china university of geosciences, beijing 100083, china Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Institute of Geophysics China Seismological Bureau Beijing China Institute of Deposition Resource Chinese Academy of Geosciences Beijing China school of Exploration and Information China University of Geosciences Beijing China

The fault belts in Sanjiang mainly include Jinshajiang-Honghe fault, Lancangjiang fault and Nujiang fault (called Sanjiang faults) in western Yunnan Province, china. By interpreting the wide-angle seismic reflection/refraction profile between Zhefang and Binchuan, which crosses Tengchong and Baoshan blocks in Dianxi (western Yunnan) tectonic zone, we recon- struct the crustal structure with seismic traveltime tomography for crustal P-wave velocity and the seismic scattering image for crustal seismic reflection structure. In this paper, we firstly present the crustal structure images of P-wave velocity and seismic reflection under the wide-angle seismic profile. These results demonstrate that, the crustal velocity structure and seismic reflec- tion structure along the profile can be divided into 3.segments, and there is an obvious difference of crustal structure among the eastern, the western and the middle segment. Generally, crustal P-wave velocities in the Baoshan segment are 0.1―0.2 km/s slower and seismic reflection am- plitudes from Moho discontinuity are stronger than the other 2 segments. In the studied area, crustal thickness is about 40 km, and shows the thickening tendency from west to east along the profile. Additionally, it can be seen that there is one strong-amplitude seismic reflection event as bright points at the depths of 8―10 km, along the segment of 80―115 km of the profile (south- ward of Tengchong); and seismic reflection wave-field from Moho discontinuity varies obviously along the lateral direction. Finally, we make some discussions on the crustal thickening pattern in the Sanjiang fault belt, structural environment of earthquake development and the contact rela- tionship between the Tengchong block, Banshan block and Luxi trough.

关键词： Sanjiang area wide-angle seismic profile crustal structure.

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Phase equilibria of HP–UHP mica-schists in Jiangling, Eastern Dabieshan orogen

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2009年第8期19卷 973-982页

作者： Hang Chu a, Chunjing Wei a, Shangguo Su b a MOE Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution, school of earth and Space sciences, Peking {3., beijing 100871, china b china university of geosciences, beijing 100083, china MOE Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution School of Earth and Space Sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China china university of geosciences Beijing 100083 China

The HP–UHP metamorphic terrane of Jiangling, eastern Dabieshan comprises extensively distributed granitic gneisses, mica-schists and numerous eclogite blocks. The mica-schists generally contain garnet, phengitic muscovite, biotite, plagioclase, quartz, rutile and a small amount of epidote and hornblende. Study on petrography and phases equilibria in the NCKMnFMASH system indicates that the present mineral assemblages in mica-schists are not in equilibrium. The earlier stage of mineral assemblage represented by garnet and phengite reflects a HP–UHP condition. The garnet compositions and the phengite Si contents give a PT condition of 580–600 °C at 2.6–2.8 GPa. The garnet zonation records an earlier progressive metamorphic process which may be associated with the appearance of glaucophane, jadeite and lawsonite. The later stage of mineral assemblage characterized by the presence of biotite and plagioclase reflects a PT condition of 620–63. °C at 0.9–1.1 GPa, belonging to the HP amphibolite facies. The main mineral assemblage in micaschists from the Jiangling region has recorded a complete HP–UHP metamorphic process.

关键词： HP–UHP metamorphism Phase equilibria Mica-schist Dabieshan

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Effect of Aqueous Colloids on Arsenic Geochemistry:Evidences from Ultrafiltration of High Arsenic Groundwater in the Hetao Basin,Inner Mongolia

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地学前缘 2009年第S1期16卷 20-21页

作者： Bo Zhang,Huaming Guo school of Water resources & Environment,china {3. of geosciences(beijing),beijing 100083,china.

Groundwater colloidal particles are believed to affect element geochemical behavior in groundwaters, which would mobilize trace element in the groundwater *** of As geochemisttry as impacted by colloids was carried out by using ultrafiltration technology in the Hetao basin,Inner *** groundwater sampling points have been chosen,including five with high As concentration (>100μg/L) and one with low As concentra-

关键词： As mobilization hydrogeochemistry particle dissolved organic carbon inorganic colloid

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Zircon LA-ICPMS study and petrogenesis simulation of Dahuabei pluton in the Wulashan area,Inner Mongolia

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2009年第12期19卷 1727-1737页

作者： Dapeng Li~(a,b),Yuelong Chen~(a,*),Liemeng Chen~c,Zhong Wang~d,Jinbao Liu~d a school of earth sciences and {3.,china university of geosciences(beijing),beijing 100083,china b State Key Laboratory of Geological Process and Mineral {3.,china university of geosciences,Wuhan 43.074,china c State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry,Institute of Geochemistry,Chinese Academy of sciences,Guiyang 550002,china d Geological Survey Institute of Inner Mongolia,Hohhot 010010,china school of earth sciences and {3. China University of Geosciences (Beijing) Beijing 100083 China State Key Laboratory of Geological Process and Mineral resources China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guiyang 550002 China Geological Survey Institute of Inner Mongolia Hohhot 010010 China

Dahuabei pluton in the Wulashan area,Inner Mongolia,is an alkaline and peraluminous granitic ***-ICPMS U-Pb dating of zircons indicates that this pluton crystallized at 3.0±10 *** pluton did not experience apparent zircon *** consistent temperatures between Zr saturation(765℃) and the average zircon-rutile Ti equilibrium(780℃),together with zircon ages and their CL images,indicated that there were no inherited zircons in this *** the simulation of the dry-system crystallization process of magma cooling at 200 MPa and 1100-709℃,the phase diagram and composition evolution tendency of different phases were *** magma reached its liquidus at 1069℃.Sanidine was the first crystallized phase;at 709℃the residual magma was less than 4%,and the range of 1069-719℃should be the most suitable approach to the real *** is shown that at least some part of the pluton underwent such isobaric equilibrium crystallization processes during its crystallization.

关键词： Dahuabei pluton Petrogenesis simulation Geochemistry Zircon LA-ICPMS

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Progress and review of the studies on the end-Triassic mass extinction event

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Science china earth sciences 2005年第12期48卷 2049-2060页

作者： DENG Shenghui1,2, LU Yuanzheng1,2,3.& XU Daoyi4 1. Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, beijing 100083, china 2. Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir of Petrochina, beijing 100083, china 3. china university of geosciences, beijing 100083, china 4. Institute of Geology, china earthquake Administration, beijing 100029, china Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development Beijing China Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir of Petrochina Beijing China china university of geosciences Beijing China Institute of Geology China Earthquake Administration Beijing China

The mass extinction at the end-Triassic is one of the five biggest in the Phanerozoic. However,it is the least well understood among these five events, and only till last decade it became a great academic interesting subject to geologists. The evidences for this event come obviously from bivalves, brachiopods, ammonites, corals, radiolaria, ostracods and foraminifera of marine habitats, and plants and tetrapods of terrestrial realm. By contrast, for some of other groups, such as marine gastropods and marine vertebrates, no mass extinction has been recog-nized yet. The extinction event is strongly marked at specific level but shown a complicated situa-tion at generic and family levels. Dramatic changing of the environment, such as the temperature raise due to the greenhouse effect, the marine anoxic habitats caused by a sudden transgression after the regression at the end of Triassic, has been claimed to be the main cause of the extinction. Many hypotheses have been suggested to demonstrate the mechanisms of the environment changing, among which two popular ones are the bolide impact and volcanic eruption. The Triassic-Jurassic (Tr-J) boundary mass extinction event is still poorly understood because no enough data have been obtained from the Tr-J boundary successional sections of both marine and terrestrial sediments, and most of these studies were regionally restricted. The basic aspects of the event and its associated environmental conditions remain poorly characterized and the causal mechanism or mechanisms are equivocal. Some authors even doubt its occurrence. china has many successionally developed terrestrial and marine Tr-J sections. Detailed studies of these sections may be important and significant for well understanding of the event.

关键词： progress, review, end-Triassic, mass extinction, mechanism, Tr-J boundary.

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A new iguanodontid (Jin-zhousaurus yangi *** ***.) from the Yixian Formation of western Liaoning,china

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2001年第19期46卷 1669-1672页

作者： WANG Xiaolin & XU Xing1. Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of sciences, beijing 100044, china 2. College of {3. sciences and resources, china university of Geo-sciences, beijing 100083, china Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China College of earth sciences and resources China University of Geosciences Beijing China

A new iguanodontid, Jinzhousaurus yangi gen. et sp. nov., is erected based on the cranial and dental morphology of a specimen from the Yixian Formation of western Liaoning. Although a few primitive characteristics remain, Jinzhousaurus yangi display a number of characteristics similar to those seen in derived iguanodontids. Other interesting characteristics include the absence of antorbital fenestra and the frontal excluded from the participation in orbit, which are closer to the condition in hadrosaurids. The unusual combination of the characteristics provides important data for assessing morphological evolution toward hadrosaurs. The new discovery also represents the first reported large-sized dinosaur from Jehol fauna in western Liaoning, and increases the diversity of this famous fauna. Furthermore, the discovery of a derived iguanodontid from the Yixian Formation provides further evidence supporting a Cretaceous age of the Jehol fauna, which is consistent with an isotopic age.

关键词： Western Liaoning Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation Jehol Biota Iguanodontid

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Thermodynamic conditions of framework grain dissolution of clastic rocks and its application in Kela 2 gas field

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Science china earth sciences 2005年第1期48卷 21-31页

作者： LAI Xingyun, YU Bingsong, CHEN Junyuan, CHEN Xiaolin, LIU Jianqing, MEI Mingxiang, JING Weiguang & CHENG Suhua school of earth sciences and Mineral {3., china university of geosciences, beijing 100083, china Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Tectonics, Deep-level Process and Exploration of Ministry of Education, beijing 100083, china china university of geosciences School of Earth Sciences and Mineral Resources Beijing China Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Tectonics Deep-level Process and Exploration of Ministry of Education Beijing China

Feldspar and clastic debris are the most important constituent framework grains of sedimentary clastic rocks and their chemical dissolution plays an essential role in the formation and evolution of the secondary pore in the reservoir rocks. On the basis of thermodynamic phase equilibrium, this study investigates the chemical equilibrium relationships between fluid and various plagioclase and K-feldspar in diagenesis of the sediments, particularly, the impact of temperature and fluid compositions (pH, activity of K+, Na+, Ca2+ and so on) on precipitation and dissolution equilibria of feldspars. Feldspar is extremely easily dissolved in the acid pore water with a low salinity when temperature decreases. The dissolution of anorthite end-member of plagioclase is related to the Ca content of the mineral and the fluid, higher Ca either in the mineral or in the fluid, easier dissolution of the feldspar. Moreover, the dissolution of albite end-member of plagioclase is related to Na of both the mineral and fluid, lower Na out of both the mineral and fluid, easier dissolution of the mineral. Similarly, lower-K fluid is more powerful to dissolve K-feldspar than the higher. The anorthite component of plagioclase is most easily dissolved in ground water-rock system, the albite is the secondary, and K-feldspar is the most stable. Selective dissolution of plagioclase occurs in diagenesis because of the plagioclase solid solution that is mainly composed of albite and anorthite end-members, Ca-rich part of which is preferentially dissolved by the pore water, in contrast to the Na-rich parts. Based on investigation of reservoir quality, secondary pore, dissolution structures of feldspar, clay minerals and ground water chemistry of the Kela 2 gas field of Kuqa Depression in the Tarim basin of Western china, we discovered that the secondary pore is very well developed in the highest quality section of the reservoir, and the plagioclase of which was obviously selectively dissolved, in c

关键词： dissolution of feldspar, thermodynamic conditions, groundwater pore chemistry, Kela 2 gas field.

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