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Vertical quantitative and dominant population distribution of the bacteria isolated from the Muztagata ice core

Science China earth {1. 2005年第10期48卷 1728-1739页

作者： xiANG Shurong1. YAO Tandong1. 2, AN Lizhe1. {1. WU Guangjian2, XU Baiqing2, MA xiaojun {1. LI Zhen1. WANG Junxia1.& YU Wusheng1.1. Key Laboratory of Ice Core and Cold Regions environment, Cold and Arid Regions environmental and Engineering Research institute, {{1., Lanzhou 7{1.000, China 2. institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, {{1., Beijing 1.0085, China {1. College of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 7{1.000, China Key Laboratory of Ice Core and Cold Regions environment Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China institute of Tibetan Plateau Research {1. Beijing China College of Life Science Lanzhou University Lanzhou China

Vertical distribution of the main bacteria isolated from the Muztagata ice core (about 22.4 m) was investigated by means of cultivation and 1.S rRNA sequence analysis. The results showed that the amount of culturable bacteria fluctuated with ice core depth, and was more in dirty layer than in clean ice, which suggested the close corresponding relationship between high input of the bacteria deposited by wind and snowflow and dirty layer. Most of the bacteria were psychrophiles and psychrotolerants, including α- and γ-proteobacteria, Cryobacterium psychro-philum, CFB (Cytophaga-Flavobacterium-Bacteroides) group, high-G+C gram-positive bacteria (HGC). Acinetobacter sp. and HGC repeatly occurred in different ice depths, and their quantita-tive distribution was consistent with the change of the total amount of culturable bacteria with depth, which suggested the main bio-indicator; while Flavobacterium, Cryobacterium psychro-philum, and α-proteobacteria, also functioned as a secondary indicator of climatic and environ-mental changes. This study is the first report concerning continuous quantitative variation and pattern of the main culturable bacteria in ice core section.

关键词： Pamirs Plateau, ice core, pattern of bacteria, bio-indicator.

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Astronomical function and date of the Taosi observatory

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2009年第1期52卷 151-158页

作者： WU JiaBi1. CHEN MeiDong2 & LIU CiYuan3.1.National Astronomical Observatories, {1., Beijing 1.001., China 2 {1. for the History of Natural Science, {1., Beijing 1.001., China 3.National Time Service Center, {1., xi’an 71.600, China 1. National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100012 China 2. institute for the History of Natural Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100010 China 3. National Time Service Center Chinese Academy of Sciences Xi’an 710600 China

The Taosi site in xiangfen County,Shanxi Province,may be the capital of the King Yao. Archeologists recently discovered a large semi-circular stamped-earth platform, II FJT1.which has a clear and definite pounded-earth central core together with a curved wall perforated by twelve gaps. The platform is said to be an ancient observatory used to determine the seasons by watching the sunrise. Each feature of II FJT1.was precisely measured and the data are reproduced in this paper. An astronomical analysis of slots E2 and E1. was carried out using the azimuths of the slots' centerlines and the vertical angle of the mountain ridge opposite, above which the sun rises. The results show that at present the sun is close to the two slots but does not exactly enter them at summer and winter solstice sunrise. Using 1.C analysis archeologists dated the site to about 21.0 BC. Because of the secular change in the obliquity of the ecliptic,at that date on the summer solstice the half-risen sun would have appeared inside slot E1. just to the right of the centerline,and on the winter solstice the sun would have been exactly on the centerline of slot E2. This result provides compelling proof that II FJT1.is an ancient observatory.

关键词： astro-archeology astro-chronology Taosi culture ancient observatory time service

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Integrated precise orbit determination of Shenzhou IV unmanned spacecraft

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Science China(Technological sciences) 2004年第5期47卷 518-525页

作者： L Congmin1.2, GU Yidong3. LIN Baojun3.& GUO Jiong3.1. Center for Space Science and Applied Research, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 1.0080, China 2. Graduate School of the chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 1.003., China 3. General Establishment of Space Science and Application, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 1.0080, China Correspondence should be addressed to L Congmin 1. Center for Space Science and Applied Research Chinese Academy of Sciences 100080 Beijing China 2. Graduate School of the chinese academy of sciences 100039 Beijing China 3. General Establishment of Space Science and Application Chinese Academy of Sciences 100080 Beijing China

Considering the characteristic orbit of Shenzhou IV spacecraft and the advantages and disadvantages of several types of domestic orbit measurements, a scheme of IPOD is determined, which uses GPS, SLR and USB observation data jointly plus precise ionosphere corrections to GPS observation data. IPOD system and mathematic models of OD are introduced. The results of different joint OD are analyzed using true observation data, and show that radial accuracy is better than 2 m.

关键词： Shenzhou IV unmanned spacecraft integrated precise orbit determination GPS SLR USB.

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A high-resolution late Pleistocene record of pollen vegetation and climate change from Jingning, NW China

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Science China earth {1. 2006年第2期49卷 154-162页

作者： LI Chunhai1., TANG Lingyu1. FENG Zhaodong3.4, ZHANG Hucai2, WANG Weiguo3.& AN Chenbang3.1. Nanjing institute of Geology and Palaeontology, {1., Nanjing 21.008, China 2. Nanjng institute of Geography and Limnology, {1., Nanjing 21.008, China 3. environment and Resources College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 73.000, China 4. Beijing Normal University, Beijing 1.0875, China 1. Nanjing institute of Geology and Palaeontology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China 2. Nanjng institute of Geography and Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China 3. {1. and Resources College Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China 4. Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China

With the support of 1. AMS-1.C data, a high-resolution pollen record from the Suancigou section at Jingning, Gansu Province was established. Our results showed that the vegetation ex-perienced a series of changes characterized by the alternative growth and decline of forest and steppe components during the period from 44.2 to 1. ka B.P. in the Jingning area. Over the period of 44―29 ka B.P. (MIS3., coniferous forests were flourishing, indicating a humid climate with the tem-perature being lower than that of the present. Since 23.ka B.P., the vegetation was dominated by steppe-desert steppe under a cold and dry condition, and entered the Last Glacial Maximum domi-nated by desert steppe. Several periods of the marked decrease in the arborous pollen content in Suancigou well corresponded to the North Atlantic Heinrich events, especially to Heinrich event 3. further supporting that the Heinrich events were well reflected by the pollen record in the Loess Pla-teau as well.

关键词： Western Loess Plateau, pollen record, climatic change, late Pleistocene.

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General inverse of Stokes, Vening-Meinesz and Molodensky formulae

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Science China earth {1. 2006年第5期49卷 499-504页

作者： CHENG Luying1.2 & XU Houze1.1. institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, {1., Wuhan 43.077, China 2. xi’an Research institute of Surveying and Mapping, xi’an 71.054, China 1. institute of Geodesy and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430077 China 2. xi’an Research {1. of Surveying and Mapping Xi’an 710054 China

The operator operations between the disturbing potential and the geoidal undulation, the gravity anomaly, the deflection of the vertical are defined based on the relations among the gravity potential, the normal gravity potential and the disturbing potential. With the sphere as the boundary surface, based on the solution of the external boundary value problem for the disturbing potential by the spherical harmonics in the physical geodesy, the general inverse Stokes’ formula, the general inverse Vening-Meinesz formula and the general Molodensky’s formula are derived from the operator operations defined. The general formulae can get rid of the restriction of the classical formulae only used on the geoid. If the boundary surface is defined as the geoid, the general formulas are degen- erated into the classic ones.

关键词： spherical harmonics, boundary value problem, general inverse Stokes' formula, general inverse Vening-Meinesz formula, general Molodensky's formula.

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The gravitational gradient tensor’s invariants and the related boundary conditions

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Science China earth {1. 2010年第5期53卷 781-790页

作者： YU JinHai1.2,3.& ZHAO DongMing4 1.College of {1. Science, Graduate University of {1., Beijing 1.0049, China 2 institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, {1., Wuhan 43.077, China 3.State Key Laboratory of Astronautic Dynamics, xi’an 71.043. China 4 Zhengzhou institute of Surveying and Mapping, Zhengzhou 450052, China 1. College of earth Science Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China2. Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430077 China3. State Key Laboratory of Astronautic Dynamics Xi’an 710043 China4. Zhengzhou Institute of Surveying and Mapping Zhengzhou 450052 China

Here we report new approaches of recovering the earth gravitational field from GOCE (Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer) gradiometric data with the help of the gradient tensor’s invariants. Our results only depend on GOCE satellite’s position and gradiometry, in other words, they are completely independent of the satellite attitude. First, starting from the invariants, linearization models are established, which can be referred as the general boundary conditions on the satellite’s orbit. Then, the spherical appro{1.mation expressions for the models are derived, and the corresponding solving methods for them are discussed. Furthermore, considering effects of J2-term, the spherical appro{1.mation models are improved so that the accuracies of the boundary conditions can be theoretically raised to O ( J 2/2 T), which is appro{1.mately equivalent to O(T2). Finally, some arithmetic examples are constructed from EGM96 model based on the derived theories, and the computational results illustrate that the spherical models have accuracies of 1.-7 and the order recovering the gravitational field can reach up to 200, and the models with regard to effect of J2-term have accuracies of 1.-8 and the order can reach up to 280.

关键词： the earth’s gravitational field gravitational gravidiometry tensor’s invariant

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Prediction method for October 2003.solar storm

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Science China(Technological sciences) 2006年第5期49卷 629-640页

作者： xiE Yanqiong1. 2, {1. WEI Fengsi1. FENG Xueshang1.& ZHONG Dingkun1. 2 1. State Key Laboratory of Space Weather, Center for Space Science and Applied Research, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 1.0080, China 2. Graduate School, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 1.00{1., China {1. institute of Meteorology, PLA University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 21.1.1. China State Key Laboratory of Space Weather Center for Space Science Applied Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China Graduate School Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China institute of Meteorology PLA University of Science Technology Nanjing 211101 China

Aiming at two intense shock events on October 28 and 29, 2003. this paper presents a two-step method, which combines synoptic analysis of space weather ——“observing” and quantitative prediction ——“palpating”, and then uses it to test predictions. In the first step of “observing”, on the basis of observations of the solar source surface magnetic field, interplanetary scintillation (IPS) and ACE spacecraft, we find that the propagation of the shocks is asymmetric relative to the normal direction of their solar sources, and the {1. is located near the direction of the fastest speed and the greatest energy of the shocks. As the two fast ejection shock events, the fast explosion of coronal mass of the extremely high temperature, the strong magnetic field, and the high speed background solar wind are also helpful to their rapid propagation. In the second step of “palpating”, we adopt a new membership function of the fast shock events for the ISF method. The predicted results show that for the onset time of the geomagnetic disturbance, the relative errors between the observational and the predicted results are 1.8% and 6.7%; and for the magnetic disturbance magnitude, the relative errors are 4.1. and 3.1., re- spectively. Furthermore, the comparison among the predicted results of our two-step method with those of five other prevailing methods shows that the two-step method is advantageous. The results tell us that understanding the physical features of shock propagation thoroughly is of great importance in improving the prediction precision.

关键词： solar storm, interplanetary shock, interplanetary scintillation, two-step method, ISF method.

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Modeling the climate effects of different subregional uplifts within the Himalaya-Tibetan Plateau on Asian summer monsoon evolution

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chinese Science Bulletin 2012年第35期57卷 4617-4626页

作者： ZHANG Ran 1,JIANG DaBang 1,2,3.LIU xiaoDong 4 & TIAN ZhiPing 2,5 1 Climate Change Research Center,chinese academy of sciences,Beijing 100029,China 2 Nansen-Zhu International Research Centre,{1. of Atmospheric Physics,chinese academy of sciences,Beijing 100029,China 3.Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-{3. Research for Temperate East Asia,chinese academy of sciences,Beijing 100029,China 4 State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology,institute of earth environment,chinese academy of sciences,xi’an 71.075,China 5 Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences,Beijing 100049,China 1. Climate Change Research Center Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China 2. Nansen-Zhu International Research Centre Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China 3. Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-{1. Research for Temperate East Asia Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China 4. State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology Institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xi’an 710075 China 5. Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China

Considering the different uplifting time of different subregions of the Himalaya-Tibetan Plateau(TP),a series of numerical simulations have been conducted with the Community Atmosphere Model(CAM4) developed at the National Center for Atmospheric Research to explore the effects of the phased tectonic uplift of the Himalaya-TP on the evolution of Asian summer *** results show that the uplifts of the Himalaya and northern TP significantly affect the evolutions of South Asian summer monsoon and northern East Asian summer monsoon *** is,the tectonic uplift of the Himalaya intensifies the South Asian summer monsoon circulation and increases the precipitation in South Asia,whereas the uplift of the northern TP intensifies the northern East Asian summer monsoon circulation and increases the precipitation in northern East *** with previous simulations,current comparative analyses of modeling results for different subregional uplifts within the Himalaya-TP help deepen our understanding of the evolutionary history of Asian monsoons.

关键词：青藏高原隆升喜马拉雅亚洲季风高原气候夏季季风次区域隆起演化建模

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Digital image analysis of palaeoenvironmental records and applications

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chinese Science Bulletin 2002年第23期47卷 1957-1963,2025-2026页

作者： SUN Donghuai1.2, LIU Yu2 & TAN Ming3.. South China Sea {1. of Oceanology, {1.. Guangzhou 51.3.1. China 2. State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, earth {3.al {1., {1., xi’an 71.075, China 3. {1. of Geology and Geophysics, {1., Beijing 1.0029, China South China Sea institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology Earth Environmental Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Xi’an China institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

environmental change signals in geological or biological records are commonly reflected on their reflecting or transmitting images. These environmental signals can be extracted through digital image analysis. The analysis principle involves section line selection, color value reading and calculating environmental proxy index along the section lines, layer identification, auto-chronology and investigation of structure evolution of growth bands. On detailed illustrations of the image technique, this note provides image analyzing procedures of coral, tree-ring and stalagmite records. The environmental implications of the proxy index from image analysis are accordingly given through application demonstration of the image technique.

关键词： digital image environmental records.

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Optimization of mathematical models for thematic maps

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Science China(Technological sciences) 2010年第S1期53卷 15-24页

作者： QI QingWen1.ZHANG An1.JIANG LiLi1.ZOU xiuPing2,XU Li{1.& CHENG xi1.4 1.institute of Geographical {1. and Natural Resources Research,chinese academy of sciences,Beijing 1.01.1.China 2 institute of Policy and Management,chinese academy of sciences,Beijing 1.0080,China {1.Taishan University,Taian 271.21.China 4 Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences,Beijing 1.0049,China chinese Acad Sci Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res Beijing 100101 Peoples R China chinese Acad Sci Inst Policy & Management Beijing 100080 Peoples R China Taishan Univ Tai An 271021 Shandong Peoples R China chinese Acad Sci Grad Univ Beijing 100049 Peoples R China

The thematic map is a major class of maps designed to demonstrate particular features or concepts,functioning as an indispensable tool in geographical *** process of thematic mapping is one into which geographical research goes deeply and *** key activity and course of thematic map production is the use of mathematical models to create thematic data ***,the selection and optimization of mathematical models is in the forefront of thematic map *** theoretical foundations,mechanisms and methods of mathematical model optimization are expounded in this paper,including two approaches,the phase by phase mode and the multi-aim scheme balance *** studies in eco-environment mapping and emergency mapping are described and analyzed,with a hierarchical analysis method being used in the model optimization for eco-environment fragility and sensitivity assessment mapping in Beibuwan (Guangxi) District,the dynamic system (DS) method being used in the model optimization for ecological security adjustment mapping in xishuang Banna,Yunnan province,and the multi-phase mode being used in the models for forest fire and infectious diseases mapping.

关键词： thematic map mathematic model optimization

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