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Release of volatile organic compounds during bio-drying of municipal solid waste

Journal of environmental Sciences 2010年第5期22卷 752-759页

作者： Pinjing He,Jiafu Tang,Dongqing Zhang,Yang Zeng,Liming ShaoState Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and resource Reuse,Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water environment,College of environmental Science and Engineering,Tongji {3.,Shanghai 200092,china. State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and resource Reuse Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China

Three treatments were tested to investigate the release concentrations of volatile organic compounds （VOCs） during the bio-drying of municipal solid waste （MSW） by the aerobic and combined hydrolytic-aerobic *** showed that VOCs were largely released in the first 4 days of bio-drying and the dominant components were：dimethyl disulfide,dimethyl sulfide,benzene,2-butanone,limonene and methylene ***,the combined hydrolytic-aerobic process was suggested for MSW bio-drying due to fewer aeration quantities in this phase when compared with the aerobic process,and the treatment strategies should base on the key properties of these prominent *** sulfur compounds and terpenes were mainly released in the early phase of bio-drying,whereas,two peaks of release concentrations appeared for aromatics and ketones during ***,for the combined hydrolytic-aerobic processes there were also high concentrations of released aromatics in the shift from hydrolytic to aerobic *** concentrations of released chlorinateds were observed in the later *** the VOCs produced during MSW bio-drying,i.e.,malodorous sulfur compounds,terpenes and chlorinateds,their release concentrations were mainly determined by production rates;for the VOCs presented initially in MSW,such as aromatics,their transfer and transport in MSW mainly determined the release concentrations.

关键词： bio-drying municipal solid waste odors release concentration volatile organic compounds

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Landscape ecological assessment and eco-tourism development in the South Dongting Lake Wetland, china

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2003年第2期15卷 271-278页

作者： HE Ping 1,2, WANG Bao-zhong 1,3.(1.Central South Forestry university, Zhuzhou 412006, china 2.china International Engineering Consulting Corporation, Beijing 100044, china 3.Nanjing university, Nanjing 210093. china Central South Forestry university Zhuzhou 412006

As an important resource and the living environment of mankind, wetland has become gradually a highlight, strongly concerned and intensively studied by scientists and sociologists. The governments in the world and the whole society have been paying more and more attention on it. The Dongting Lake of china is regarded as an internationally important wetland. For a rational development and protection of the wetland, an investigation and studied on its resources and its value to tourism in the South Dongting Lake was conducted, to create an assessment system of the ecological landscapes, and to evaluate qualitatively and quantitatively the value of wetland landscape to the eco-tourism. The results showed that the scenic value of the South Dongting Lake Wetland satisfied the criterion of AAAA grade of china national scenic attraction. The eco-tourism value of the landscape cultures in the South Dongting Lake Wetland was discussed with emphasis. It were formulated that a principle and frame of sustainable exploitation of the wetland landscapes and it was proposed as well that establishing a Wetland Park and developing eco-tourism in the South Dongting Lake. Wetland is a fragile ecosystem with low resistance to the impact of the exploitation. Thus, we must pay intensively attention to the influence of exploitation on the landscape, take the ecological risk in account to employ a right countermeasure and avoid the negative affection.

关键词： South Dongting Lake wetland landscape eco-tourism Wetland Park ecological assessment

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Synchronous estimation of DTM and fractional vegetation cover in forested area from airborne LIDAR height and intensity data

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2008年第S2期51卷 176-187页

作者： BAO YunFei1,2,CAO ChunXiang1,ZHANG Hao1,CHEN ErXue3.HE QiSheng1,2,HUANG HuaBing1,LI ZengYuan3.LI XiaoWen1,4 & GONG Peng1 1 State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science,jointly sponsored by the Institute for Remote Sensing Applications of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Beijing Normal university,Beijing 100101,china 2 Graduate university of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,china 3.Institute of Forest resource Information Technique,the Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,china 4 Research Center for Remote Sensing and GIS,Department of Geography and Beijing Key Laboratory for Remote Sensing of environment and Digital Sites,Beijing Normal university,Beijing 100875,china State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science jointly sponsored by the Institute for Remote Sensing Applications of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Beijing Normal University Beijing China Graduate university of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Institute of Forest resource Information Technique the Chinese Academy of Forestry Beijing China Research Center for Remote Sensing and GIS Department of Geography and Beijing Key Laboratory for Remote Sensing of Environment and Digital Sites Beijing Normal University Beijing China

We proposed a method to separate ground points and vegetation points from discrete return,small footprint airborne laser scanner data,called skewness change *** method,which makes use of intensity of laser scanner data,is especially applicable in steep,and forested *** does not take slope of forested area into account,while other algorithms consider the change of slope in steep forested *** ground points and vegetation points can be used to estimate digital terrain model(DTM) and fractional vegetation cover,respectively.A few vegetation points which were classified into the ground points were removed as noise before the generation of *** method was tested in a test area of 10000 square meters.A LiteMapper -5600 laser system was used and a flight was carried out over a ground of 700―800 *** this tested area,a total number of 1546 field measurement ground points were measured with a total station TOPCON GTS-602 and TOPCON GTS -7002 for validation of DTM and the mean error value is -18.5 cm and the RMSE(root mean square error) is ±20.9 cm.A data trap sizes of 4m in diameter from airborne laser scanner data was selected to compute vegetation fraction *** of fractional vegetation cover was carried out using 15 hemispherical photographs,which are georeferenced to centimeter accuracy by differential *** gap fraction was computed over a range of zenith angles 10° using the gap light analyzer(GLA) from each hemispherical *** R2 for the regression of fractional vegetation cover from these ALS data and the respective field measurements is *** this study presents a method for synchronous estimation of DTM and fractional vegetation cover in forested area from airborne LIDAR height and intensity data.

关键词： LIDAR intensity skewness synchronous DTM fractional vegetation cover

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Effects of Caragana Korshinskii Kom. cover on runoff, sediment yield and nitrogen loss

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2010年第3期25卷 245-257页

作者： Guan-Hua ZHANG1,Guo-Bin LIU2?, and Guo-Liang WANG3. Ph.D., College of resource and environment, Northwest A and F university YangLing, Shaanxi 712100,{3., Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Science and Ministry of Water resources, YangLing Shaanxi 712100,{3.. 2 Prof., Researcher. Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Science and Ministry of Water resources, YangLing Shaanxi 712100,{3., College of resource and environment, Northwest A and F university, YangLing, Shaanxi 712100,{3., 3.Assistant Researcher, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Science and Ministry of Water resources, YangLing Shaanxi 712100,{3.. Ph.D. College of Resource and Environment Northwest A and F University YangLing Shaanxi 712100 China Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Chinese Academy of Science and Ministry of Water Resources YangLing Shaanxi 712100 China Prof. Researcher. Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Chinese Academy of Science and Ministry of Water Resources YangLing Shaanxi 712100 China College of Resource and Environment Northwest A and F University YangLing Shaanxi 712100 China Assistant Researcher Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Chinese Academy of Science and Ministry of Water Resources YangLing Shaanxi 712100 China

Soil erosion is serious in the Loess Plateau of china. Deposition of the eroded sediment in lakes or rivers may lead to eutrophication, because the sediment carries a lot of nutrients. Field experiments were conducted to study soil erosion and loss of nitrogen (N) from a 15o hillslope with 3.% (low) or 80% (high) coverage of the shrub Caragana korshinskii Kom. A bare soil plot was used for the comparison. The results showed that Caragana korshinskii cover significantly reduced runoff and soil erosion. In comparison to the bare soil plot, the vegetation covered plots had about 20% less runoff and 65% less sediment. In general, the concentration of N in both runoff water and the eroded sediment decreased with time and approached a steady value. However, the species of nitrate nitrogen (NO3. was exceptional which increased with time slightly. The soil erosion caused an N loss of about 250 mg/m2 for the bare soil plot, the low coverage of Caragana korshinskii reduced the N loss by 20% and the high coverage of Caragana korshinskii reduced the N loss by 40%. Moreover, the amount of total N in eroded sediment was 2 to 3.times higher than the value in runoff water. In the total N loss, the organic N was about 75-80%. Nevertheless, inorganic N in runoff water was 5 to 10 times higher than the value in eroded sediment. The species of NO3.was obviously higher than the species of ammonium nitrogen (NH4). NO3.was the main species of inorganic N loss and was about two thirds of total. The organic N was the main species of N in the eroded sediment.

关键词： C. korshinskii cover Runoff Sediment Nitrogen loss Simulated rainfall

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Process and mechanism of arable land change in Hebei Province during the past 50 years

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2001年第4期11卷 47-52页

作者： XU Yue-qing (Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, china College of resource and {3. Science, Hebei Normal university, Shijiazhuang 050016, china )

Hebei Province is one of the regions with most densely population, fastest economic growth and most intensive land use in china. The contradiction of land shortage sharpened by high-speed economic development with population growth has become a serious problem, which has restricted regional sustainable *** paper revealed the basic process, regional differences of change and the gravity center of arable land area according to the long-series statistical data of arable land during the past 50 years. On the basis of the above mentioned, the major driving forces that influence the changes of the arable land are discussed. The research results indicate that there is a trend of obvious fluctuating decrease in arable land area during the last 50 years. The changes of arable land area undergo the process from increase to sharp decrease to gently decrease. The regional disparity of change in arable land area is very notable and the gravity center of arable land area moves to the northeast 49.22 km. Regarding the decrease in arable land, the direct driving forces include adjustments of agricultural structure and reclamation, and indirect driving forces include advance in technology, economic interest and population growth etc.

关键词： decrease in arable land area changing process mechanism Hebei Province

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Discovery of sponge body fossils from the late Meishucunian (Cambrian) at Jinsha, Guizhou, south china

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2005年第8期15卷 708-712页

作者： YANG Xinglian 1,2*, ZHAO Yuanlong2, WANG Yue2 and WANG Pingli2(1. Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, china 2. Institute of resource and environment, Guizhou {3., Guiyang 550003. china) Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China Institute of resource and environment Guizhou University Guiyang 550003 China

Here we report discovery of a sponge body fossil Triticispongia sp. from the base of lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation at Jinsha, Guizhou. Stratigraphically, the fossil horizon is located below Ni-Mo ore layer with the Niutitang Biota above, and is equivalent to the late Meishucunian. The species is global in shape with skeletons composed of stauractins and monaxons. Triticispongia sp. reported here may be the earliest sponge body fossils of Cambrian, which provides new information for understanding early evolution and radiation of sponge animals.

关键词： sponges Cambrian Niutitang Formation Guizhou china.

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The Theory and Evaluation Method of the Sustainable Development System About the Harmonious Growth of Population, resource, environment and Economy in the County District of china

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2001年第3期13卷 265-280页

作者： JI Guo-li 1,\ MI Hong 2 1.Automation Department, Xiamen university, Xiamen 3.1005, china 2.Population Studies Institute, Xiamen university, Xiamen 3.1005, china Automation Department Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China Population Studies Institute Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China

The linchpin of strategy about the Sustainable Development (SD) in Chinese county enforcement area is to accomplish the basic transformation about the mode of economic development from extensive mode to intensive mode. For most counties of china, the overmany population is an element which influences the Sustainable Development. But to achieve the Sustainable Development based on the harmonious development of population, resource, economy and environment, the most important thing is how to carry on its management and evaluation method under the guide of the Tenth Five Year Plan of national economy and the Perspective Target of ***,this paper aims at reforming the traditional judging method focusing on output value Income and establishing a systematic management method and evaluation index system about the sustainable development based on the harmonious growth of population, resource, economy and environment.

关键词： sustainable development management and evaluation method harmonious growth

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SO2总量分配技术背景下引入单位投资地面浓度改善水平研究

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生态经济(学术版) 2007年第2期 48-51页

作者：张有贤黄斌荀彦平兰州大学资源环境学院兰州大学资源环境学院兰州73.000

文章综合分析了目前SO2总量分配政策的实施状况,提出了一种评价SO2治理效率的指标——单位投资地面浓度改善水平。利用该指标对一个地区SO2污染源进行评价,通过设定基金激励机制,吸引高效率的污染源积极完成污染治理任务,并应用博弈论... 详细信息

文章综合分析了目前SO2总量分配政策的实施状况,提出了一种评价SO2治理效率的指标——单位投资地面浓度改善水平。利用该指标对一个地区SO2污染源进行评价,通过设定基金激励机制,吸引高效率的污染源积极完成污染治理任务,并应用博弈论分析基金如何影响企业污染治理决策,达到以较小成本控制污染的目的。

关键词：单位投资地面浓度改善水平激励机制 SO2总量分配

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Urban niche dynamics of Kaifeng city

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2007年第2期17卷 221-233页

作者： Ding Shengyan1, Li Zhiheng1,2,3.1. College of environment & Planning, Henan university, Kaifeng 475001, china 2. Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanic Garden, CAS, Kunming 650223. china 3. Graduate school of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10003., china College of environment & Planning Henan University Kaifeng China Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanic Garden CAS Kunming China Graduate school of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

Niche theory is one of the most important ecological theories. It is widely applied to analyzing such phenomena as competition among, and evolution of, urban ecosystem functional modules. This paper describes a study concerning＇different functional modules of Kaifeng city urban ecosystem. Niche theory and techniques were used to analyze the changes of these functional modules in the period 1994-2003. The results showed that, in the period 1994-2003. （1） Niche value of the atmospheric environment and urban virescence modules increased, while niche value of the water environment and sound environment modules decreased; （2） niche value of the tertiary industry module increased, niche value of the secondary industry module decreased, while niche value of the primary industry module showed little change; and （3. niche value of the infrastructure, {3. distribution, and production ＆ social security modules increased, while niche value of the population module decreased. This study may contribute to macroscopic planning of urban functional modules, economic development, and environmental protection.

关键词： niche pattern functional modules dynamic Kaifeng city

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A New Treatment of Depression for Drainage Network Extraction Based on DEM

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Journal of Mountain Science 2009年第4期6卷 311-319页

作者： WANG Yan PENG Hong CUI Peng ZHANG Wanshun QIAO Fei CHEN Cai'er school of resource and environmental Science Wuhan University Wuhan 430079 China College of Water resources and Hydropower Engineering Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China Institute of Mountain Hazards and environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 China Chinese Academy of environmental Sciences Beijing 100012 China

Depressions in landscapes function as buffers for water and sediment. A landscape with depressions has less runoff, less erosion and more sedimentation than that without depressions. Sinks in digital elevation models （DEMs） can be considered the real features that represent depressions in actual landscapes or spurious features that result from errors in DEM creation. In many hydrological and erosion models, all sinks are considered as spurious features and, as a result, these models do not deal with the sinks that represent real depressions. Consequently, the surface runoff and erosion are overestimated due to removing the depressions. Aiming at this problem, this paper presents a new method, which deal with the sinks that represent real depressions. The drainage network is extracted without changing the original DEM. The method includes four steps： detecting pits, detecting depressions, merging depressions, and extracting drainage network. Because the elevations of grid cells are not changed, the method can also avoid producing new fiat areas, which are always produced by the conventional filling methods. The proposed method was applied to the Xihanshui River basin, the upper reach of the Jialingjiang River basin, china, to automatically extract the drainage network based on DEM. The extracted drainage network agrees well with the reality and can be used for further hydrologic analysis and erosion estimation.

关键词： Drainage network extraction Depression processing Digital elevation model Wooden barrel effect Xihanshui River basin.

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