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Joint exploration of crustal structure in Fuzhou basin and its vicinities by deep seismic reflection and high-resolution refraction as well as wide-angle reflection/refraction

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第7期48卷 925-938页

作者： ZHU Jinfang1, XU Xiwei2, ZHANG Xiankang3. HUANG Zonglin1, CHEN Xiangxiong1, FANG Shengming3. LIU Baojin3. ZHENG Rongzhang2,4 1. Seismological Bureau of Fujian Province,Fuzhou 3.0003.china 2. Institute of Geology,china earthquake administration,Beijing 100029,china {3.,china earthquake administration,zhengzhou 450002.china 4. State Key Laboratory of earthquake Dynamics,Institute of Geology,china earthquake administration,Beijing 100029,china Seismological Bureau of Fujian Province Fuzhou 350003 China Institute of Geology China Earthquake Administration Beijing 100029 China research center for exploration {3. China Earthquake Administration Zhengzhou 450002 China State Key Laboratory of earthquake Dynamics Institute of Geology China Earthquake Administration Beijing 100029 China

The Fuzhou basin and its vicinities are located at the northern end of the southeastern coastal seismic zone of the mainland of china. By the joint explorations of high-resolution seismic refraction and wide-angle reflection/refraction as well as deep seismic reflection in the region, which is the first synthetic profile in china, its fine velocity structure and geometric structure from the ground to Moho discontinuity is obtained. The result shows that the crust is obviously layered with a thickness of about 3. km. Basically, it consists of two parts: upper crust and lower crust. The velocity of the upper crust is 5.9-6.2 km/s in which there is a 3.4-km-thick weak low-velocity layer between the depths of 10-15 km, while the velocity of the lower crust in the range of 6.3.7.2 km/s. There exists a strong velocity gradient layer about 3.km thick above the Moho discontinuity whose velocity increases from 6.5 to 7.27 km/s. There exist high-angle normal faults that are small in size and extend only in the shallow crust. These faults are the secondary developed on the hanging wall of westward dipping low-angle normal faults. Thus, their seismogenic ability is limited, however, there exists a high-angle deep fault in the crust from Changle-Zaoan fault zone to seashore fault zone. This deep fault has cut the interface between the upper and lower crusts and Moho discontinuity, and may be the deep structure to trigger destructive {3. source in future to affect Fuzhou City. These results have advanced the detecting precision of the deep structure in the southeastern coastal seismic zone of the mainland of china. In the aspect of the combined feature of the deep and shallow extensional structures that consist of the westward dipping low-angle normal faults and secondary normal faults on their hanging walls in the upper crust, it is firstly obtained that a united structural interpretation has deepened the knowledge about the deep dynamic process in the southeastern coasta

关键词： deep seismic reflection high-resolution seismic refraction wide-angle.

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Deep seismic sounding data reveal the crustal structures beneath Zoigê basin and its surrounding folded orogenic belts

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Science china Earth Sciences 2010年第2期53卷 203-212页

作者： JIA ShiXu,ZHANG XianKang,ZHAO JinRen,WANG FuYun,ZHANG ChengKe,XU ZhaoFan,PAN JiShun,LIU Zhi,PAN SuZhen & SUN GuoWei Geophysical exploration center,china earthquake administration,{3. Geophysical exploration center China Earthquake Administration Zhengzhou China

Songpan-Garze massif is located at the turning position of tectonics from the nearly west-east direction to the nearly north-south direction in the northeastern margin of Tibetan Plateau,with Zoigê basin in the centre of the *** this paper,we build a crustal structure model of Zoigê basin and its surrounding folded orogenic belts using the deep seismic sounding data in this *** also discuss structures and properties of the basement in Zoigê basin,tectonic relations between Zoigê upland basin and its surrounding folded orogenic belts,crustal deformation and thickening in the northeastern margin of Tibetan Plateau,and decoupling and relaxing processes in the *** results indicate that a special "Mesozoic basement" is formed of Triassic rocks with high density (2.65-2.75 g/cm3. and high velocity (5.6 km/s) in Zoigê ***-Garze tectonic massif was transformed into two types of tectonic units with different crustal structures,i.e.,relatively stable Zoigê upland basin and active folded orogenic belts around the basin,in the course of the crustal material of Tibetan Plateau flowing eastward and obstructed by surrounding stable *** thickening of the crust in the northeastern margin of Tibetan Plateau mainly occurred in the mid and lower crust,and the structure characterized by low velocities and multiple reflectors obviously appears in the folded orogenic belts around Zoigê *** implies that the mid and lower crust underwent a strong tectonic deformation in the folded orogenic *** thickness of the crust is about 50 km in Zoigê basin and the folded orogenic belts at the both southern and northern sides of Zoigê *** "Mountain root" cannot be *** is inferred that during the later orogenic period the eastwards flowing deep materials moved clockwise along the relatively relaxing southern side around the eastern tectonic knot under the obstructing of surrounding rigid massifs,and it resulted in the strong stretching action

关键词： Zoigê basin folded orogenic belt deep seismic sounding basement structure crustal structure and tectonics

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Velocity structure and active fault of Yanyuan-Mabian seismic zone―The result of high-resolution seismic refraction experiment

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第9期51卷 1284-1296页

作者： WANG FuYun1↑, DUAN YongHong1, YANG ZhuoXin1, ZHANG ChengKe1, ZHAO JinRen1, ZHANG JianShi1, ZHANG XianKang1, LIU QiYuan2, ZHU AiLan2, XU XiWei2 & LIU BaoFeng1 1 Geophysical exploration center, china earthquake administration, {3. 450002, china 2 Institute of Geology, china earthquake administration, Beijing 100029, china Geophysical exploration center China Earthquake Administration Zhengzhou China Institute of Geology China Earthquake Administration Beijing China

The authors processed the seismic refraction Pg-wave travel time data with finite difference tomography method and revealed velocity structure of the upper crust on active block boundaries and deep features of the active faults in western Sichuan Province. The following are the results of our investigation. The upper crust of Yanyuan basin and the Houlong Mountains consists of the superficial low-velocity layer and the deep uniform high-velocity layer, and between the two layers, there is a distinct, and gently west-dipping structural plane. Between model coordinates 180-240 km, P-wave velocity distribution features steeply inclined strip-like structure with strongly non-uniform high and low velocities alternately. Xichang Mesozoic basin between 240 and 3.0 km consists of a thick low-velocity upper layer and a high-velocity lower layer, where lateral and vertical velocity variations are very strong and the interface between the two layers fluctuates a lot. The Daliang Mountains to the east of the 3.0 km coordinate is a non-uniform high-velocity zone, with a superficial velocity of approximately 5 km/s. From 13. to 150 km and from 280 to 3.0 km, there are extremely distinct deep anomalous high-velocity bodies, which are supposed to be related with Permian magmatic activity. The Yanyuan nappe structure is composed of the superficial low-velocity nappe, the gently west-dipping detachment surface and the deep high-velocity basement, with Jinhe-Qinghe fault zone as the nappe front. Mopanshan fault is a west-dipping low-velocity zone, which extends to the top surface of the basement. Anninghe fault and Zemuhe fault are east-dipping, tabular-like, and low-velocity zones, which extend deep into the base-ment. At a great depth, Daliangshan fault separates into two segments, which are represented by drastic variation of velocity structures in a narrow strip: the west segment dips westward and the east segment dips eastward, both stretching into the basement. The east margin f

关键词： western Sichuan high-resolution seismic refraction active fault velocity structure of the upper crust

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Two-step interface and velocity inversion—— Study o e of the Tangshan seismic region

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Acta Seismologica Sinica(English Edition) 1998年第6期11卷 34-44页

作者： XIAO LING LAI XIAN KANG ZHANG XU YAO ZHENG research center of exploration {3., china Seismological Bureau, zhengzhou 450003. china

This paper studies the computation method of two step inversion of interface and velocity in a region. The 3. D interface is described by a segmented incomplete polynomial; while the reconstruction of 3. D velocity is accomplished by the principle of least squares in functional space. The computation is carried out in two steps. The first step is to inverse the shape of 3. D interface; while the second step is to do 3. D velocity inversion by distributing the remaining residual errors of travel time in accordance with their weights. The data of seismic sounding in the Tangshan Luanxian seismic region are processed, from which the 3. D structural form in depth of the Tangshan seismic region and the 3. D velocity distribution in the crust below the Tangshan Luanxian seismic region are obtained. The result shows that the deep 3. D structure in the Tangshan seismic region trends NE on the whole and the structure sandwiched between the NE trending Fengtai Yejituo fault and the NE trending Tangshan fault is an uplifted zone of the Moho. In the 3. D velocity structure of middle lower crust below that region, there is an obvious belt of low velocity anomaly to exist along the NE trending Tangshan fault, the position of which tallies with that of the Tangshan seismicity belt. The larger block of low velocity anomaly near Shaheyi corresponds to a denser earthquake distribution. In that region, there is an NW trending belt of high velocity anomaly, probably a buried fault zone. The lower crust below the epicentral region of the Tangshan M S=7.8 earthquake is a place where the NE trending belt of low velocity anomaly meets the NW trending belt of high velocity anomaly. The two sets of structures had played an important role in controlling the preparation and occurrence o

关键词： two step interface and velocity inversion 3 D velocity pattern of crust below Tangshan seismic region seismicity zone

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The Crust-mantle Structure and Seismic Risk in Tangyin Graben and Its Adjacent Area

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earthquake research in china 1998年第4期12卷 66-76页

作者： Ren Qingfang, Zhang Xiankang, Zhang Chengke, Zhao Jinren, and Zhou Xuesong research center of exploration {3., CSB, zhengzhou 450002, china

1-D and 2-D calculation and interpretation are carried out with the DSS data from the western section of Heze-Changzhi profile and the southern section of zhengzhou-Jinan profile. 2-D velocity structure is determined in Tangyin graben and its adjacent area. The result shows that velocity structure of the crust and upper mantle is obviously different in vertical and lateral directions. Crustal thickness varies apparently in this area, and there are local low velocity blocks in the interior crust. The swelling M-discontinuity corresponds to Tangyin graben and Moho depth at the highest swelling position is 3. km. Toward the east, its depth gradually increases to 3. km in Xunxian swelling; toward the west, M-discontinuity becomes a steep zone at the piedmont uplift of Taihang Mountain and reaches 40 km at depth near Changzhi. Through analyzing the relationship between historical earthquakes and deep structure in North china, we infer that seismic risk exists in Tangyin graben and its adjacent area.

关键词： Tangyin graben and its adjacent area Crust/mantle structure Seismic risk.

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The Crust-Mantle Structure in Zhangbei-Shangyi earthquake Area

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earthquake research in china 1999年第4期13卷 59-68页

作者： Zhu Zhiping, Zhang Jianshi, Zhang Xiankang, Zhang Chengke, Liu Mingqing, and Nie Wenyingresearch center of exploration {3., CSB, zhengzhou 450002, china

The seismic data obtained from the wide angle reflection and refraction profiles that pass through Zhangjiakou area of Hebei Province were interpreted. Some conclusions drawn from the result are as follows: (1) The nearly EW-trending Zhangbei-Chongli crustal fault zone and WNW-trending Zhangjiakou-Bohai Sea deep crustal fault zone meet in the Zhangbei earthquake (Ms = 6.2) area; (2) At the intersection, the two deep crustal fault zones that stretch to the Moho and the discontinuities of interfaces within the crust form the path for large area basalt eruption in Hannuoba; (3. In the earthquake area, the local velocity reversal in the middle-upper crust and abnormal low velocity zone in the lower crust imply that the magmatic activity there is still fairly violent; and (4) The recent activity of Zhangjiakou-Bohai Sea deep crustal fault zone may be the main cause of the Zhangbei earthquake.

关键词： Zhangbei and adjacent area crust-upper mantle velocity structure deep crustal fault wide angle reflection and refraction.

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The Random Distribution of the Loading and Unloading Response Ratio Under the Assumptions of Poisson Models

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earthquake research in china 2000年第1期14卷 42-52页

作者： Zhuang Jiancang and Yin XiangchuCentre for Analysis and Prediction,CSB,Beijing 10003.,china research center of {3. geophysics,CSB,zhengzhou 450002.china Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100080,china Centre for Analysis and Prediction CSBBeijing 100036China research center of exploration {3. CSB Zhengzhou 450002 China Centre for Analysis and Prediction CSBBeijing 100036China Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics Institute of Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China

This paper discussed the random distribution of the loading and unloading response ratio（LURR） of different definitions（Y1～Y5）using the assumptions that the earthquakes occurfollowing the Poisson process and their magnitudes obey the Gutenberg-Richter *** show that Y1～Y5 are quite stable or concentrated when the expected number of eventsin the calculation time window is relatively large（>40）;but when this occurrence ratebecomes very small,Y2～Y5 become quite variable or *** is to say,a high value ofthe LURR can be produced not only from seismicity before a large earthquake,but also from arandom sequence of earthquakes that obeys a Poisson process when the expected number ofevents in the window is too *** check the influence of randomness in the catalogue tothe LURR,the random distribution of the LURR under Poisson models has been calculated bysimulation.90%,95% and 99% confidence ranges of Y1 and Y3./sub> are given in this paper,which is helpful to quantify the random

关键词： Loading and unloading response ratio Poisson Model Gutenberg-Richter law Random distribution Confidence band

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Study on Crustal Structure in Haiyuan Strong earthquake Region

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earthquake research in china 2001年第3期15卷 230-238页

作者： Li Songlin,Zhang Xiankang,Zhang Chengke,Ren Qingfang,Shi Jinhu,Zhao Jinren,Fang Shengming,Liu Baofeng,Pan Suzhen, and Zhang Jianshi research center of exploration {3., CSB, zhengzhou 450002 , china research center of exploration {3. CSB Zhengzhou 450002 China

The crust/upper-mantle velocity structure and deep tectonic features are obtained in Haiyuan M = 8. 5 earthquake region from data processing of Xiji-Zhongwei deep seismic sounding (DSS) profile. The result shows that there is a great difference between the velocity structures on the two sides of the epicenter. The crust consists of alternative high and low velocity layers on the southern side while on the northern side it consists of a series of layers with positive velocity gradient. There exists a deep fault cutting Moho or an anomalous deep structural zone in the epicentral region.

关键词： Haiyuan earthquake Crustal structure Deep crustal fault Anomalous structural zone.

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exploration and Study on Deep Crust Structural Characteristics in the Jiashi-Artux Seismic Region

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earthquake research in china 2003年第2期17卷 103-112页

作者： Zhao Jinren, Zhang Xiankang, Zhang Chengke, Ren Qingfang, Cheng Shuangxi, Zhang Jianshi, Nie Wenying anf Pan Shuzhenresearch center of exploration {3., china Seismological Bureau, zhengzhou 450002, china research center of exploration {3. China Seismological Bureau Zhengzhou 450002 China

The data from two deep seismic sounding profiles was processed and studied comprehensively. The results show that crust_mantle structures in the investigated region obviously display layered characteristics and velocity structures and tectonic features have larger distinction in different geological structure blocks. The boundary interface C between the upper and lower crust and Moho fluctuate greatly. The shallowest depths of C (3. 0km) and Moho (45 5km) under Jiashi deepen sharply from Jiashi to the western Kunlun mountain areas, where the depths of C and Moho are 44 0km and 70 0km, respectively. The higher velocity structures in the Tarim massif determine its relatively “stable” characteristics in crust tectonics. The phenomenon in the Jiashi region, where the distribution of earthquake foci mostly range from 20km to 40km in depth, may infer that the local uplift of C and Moho interface, anomalously lower velocity bodies and deep large faults control earthquake occurrence and seismogenic processes in the Jiashi strong earthquake swarm.

关键词： The Jiashi earthquake region Crust-mantle structures Seismogenic background

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A new type of Shipboard Meteorological Satellite Receiving-processing System

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2000年第1期19卷 35-46页

作者： Xie Simei Hao Chunjiang Zou Bin Jing Qiyi Liao Xiaohong Sheng Xiaowen Zhang Canrong (1. National research center for Marine Environment Forecasts, Beijing 100081, china 2, Second Institute of china Aerospace Corporation 3. Beijing Chuanyi Electric Compan Natl. Res. Ctr. Mar. Environ. F. Beijing 100081 China Second Inst. of china Aerosp. Corp. China Beijing Chuanyi Electric Company Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

The Shipboard Meteorological Satellite Receiving-processing System (SMSRPS) is specially developed for the navigation meteorological safeguard of the Antarctic exploration ship over the sea ice area of the forth Ocean. This system can suit to the climate environment of very high temperature high moisture and very low temperature - supersaturation; it has a self-protection ability to against the hurricane - force wind over force 12 and the strong vibration during icebreaking, as well as strong magnetic disturbance. It has two sets of receiving-imagery processing systems for polar orbit low-resolution and quasi-stationary high-solution satellites. The key creation Points of this system are as follows: 1. the active gyro-control stabilization platform and a mixed mounting system of three rotating a - B and x -- y axes are used. It solved the tracing difficulties both in the low elevation angle and very high elevation angle of polar-orbit satellite, even in the status of ship moving with continuously changing its poition, direction and ship roll and pitch. 2. Imagery processing subsystem. The newest BORLAND-- DELPHI language and PASCAL language pro gramming software are used under WINDOWS 95 environment. It has a dynamic positioning nested-grid system and electric mapping grid data system. It can show the latitude-longitude of any point on the map, and marks any object such as ship, station or island, and draws the route. It can monitor cloud and temperature, forest fire, anomalous change of ocean and land. It can output satellite cloud maps of 24 bit with very high clarity. This system is very advanced in technique for the whole structure with the features of small volume, light weight and very low cost. It suits to very bad climate and ocean environment. Its imagery process ing system has complete functions with high resolution and being very easy to operate. It is not only suit to land use, but also and specially to all kinds of ship over the sea. It can be exte

关键词： Shipboard Meteorological Satellite Receiving-processing System imagery processing system active gyro-control platform

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