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Joint exploration of crustal structure in Fuzhou basin and its vicinities by deep seismic reflection and high-resolution refraction as well as wide-angle reflection/refraction

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Science China Earth Sciences 2005年第7期48卷 925-938页

作者： ZHU Jinfang1, XU Xiwei2, ZHANG Xiankang3. HUANG Zonglin1, CHEN Xiangxiong1, FANG Shengming3. LIU Baojin3. ZHENG Rongzhang2,4 1. Seismological Bureau of Fujian Province,Fuzhou 3.0003.China 2. Institute of Geology,China earthquake administration,Beijing 100029,China 3. research center for exploration geophysics,China earthquake administration,zhengzhou 4.0002,China 4. State Key Laboratory of earthquake Dynamics,Institute of Geology,China earthquake administration,Beijing 100029,China Seismological Bureau of Fujian Province Fuzhou 350003 China Institute of Geology China Earthquake Administration Beijing 100029 China research center for exploration {3. China Earthquake Administration Zhengzhou 450002 China State Key Laboratory of earthquake Dynamics Institute of Geology China Earthquake Administration Beijing 100029 China

The Fuzhou basin and its vicinities are located at the northern end of the southeastern coastal seismic zone of the mainland of China. By the joint explorations of high-resolution seismic refraction and wide-angle reflection/refraction as well as deep seismic reflection in the region, which is the first synthetic profile in China, its fine velocity structure and geometric structure from the ground to Moho discontinuity is obtained. The result shows that the crust is obviously layered with a thickness of about 3. km. Basically, it consists of two parts: upper crust and lower crust. The velocity of the upper crust is 5.9-6.2 km/s in which there is a 3.4-km-thick weak low-velocity layer between the depths of 10-15 km, while the velocity of the lower crust in the range of 6.3.7.2 km/s. There exists a strong velocity gradient layer about 3.km thick above the Moho discontinuity whose velocity increases from 6.5 to 7.27 km/s. There exist high-angle normal faults that are small in size and extend only in the shallow crust. These faults are the secondary developed on the hanging wall of westward dipping low-angle normal faults. Thus, their seismogenic ability is limited, however, there exists a high-angle deep fault in the crust from Changle-Zaoan fault zone to seashore fault zone. This deep fault has cut the interface between the upper and lower crusts and Moho discontinuity, and may be the deep structure to trigger destructive earthquake source in future to affect Fuzhou City. These results have advanced the detecting precision of the deep structure in the southeastern coastal seismic zone of the mainland of China. In the aspect of the combined feature of the deep and shallow extensional structures that consist of the westward dipping low-angle normal faults and secondary normal faults on their hanging walls in the upper crust, it is firstly obtained that a united structural interpretation has deepened the knowledge about the deep dynamic process in the southeastern coasta

关键词： deep seismic reflection high-resolution seismic refraction wide-angle.

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Two-step interface and velocity inversion—— Study o e of the Tangshan seismic region

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Acta Seismologica Sinica(English Edition) 1998年第6期11卷 34-44页

作者： XIAO LING LAI XIAN KANG ZHANG XU YAO ZHENG research center of exploration {3., China Seismological Bureau, zhengzhou 450003. China

This paper studies the computation method of two step inversion of interface and velocity in a region. The 3. D interface is described by a segmented incomplete polynomial; while the reconstruction of 3. D velocity is accomplished by the principle of least squares in functional space. The computation is carried out in two steps. The first step is to inverse the shape of 3. D interface; while the second step is to do 3. D velocity inversion by distributing the remaining residual errors of travel time in accordance with their weights. The data of seismic sounding in the Tangshan Luanxian seismic region are processed, from which the 3. D structural form in depth of the Tangshan seismic region and the 3. D velocity distribution in the crust below the Tangshan Luanxian seismic region are obtained. The result shows that the deep 3. D structure in the Tangshan seismic region trends NE on the whole and the structure sandwiched between the NE trending Fengtai Yejituo fault and the NE trending Tangshan fault is an uplifted zone of the Moho. In the 3. D velocity structure of middle lower crust below that region, there is an obvious belt of low velocity anomaly to exist along the NE trending Tangshan fault, the position of which tallies with that of the Tangshan seismicity belt. The larger block of low velocity anomaly near Shaheyi corresponds to a denser earthquake distribution. In that region, there is an NW trending belt of high velocity anomaly, probably a buried fault zone. The lower crust below the epicentral region of the Tangshan M S=7.8 earthquake is a place where the NE trending belt of low velocity anomaly meets the NW trending belt of high velocity anomaly. The two sets of structures had played an important role in controlling the preparation and occurrence o

关键词： two step interface and velocity inversion 3 D velocity pattern of crust below Tangshan seismic region seismicity zone

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Velocity structure and active fault of Yanyuan-Mabian seismic zone―The result of high-resolution seismic refraction experiment

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Science China Earth Sciences 2008年第9期51卷 1284-1296页

作者： WANG FuYun1↑, DUAN YongHong1, YANG ZhuoXin1, ZHANG ChengKe1, ZHAO JinRen1, ZHANG JianShi1, ZHANG XianKang1, LIU QiYuan2, ZHU AiLan2, XU XiWei2 & LIU BaoFeng1 1 Geophysical exploration center, China earthquake {3., zhengzhou 4.0002, China 2 Institute of Geology, China earthquake {3., Beijing 100029, China 1. Geophysical exploration center China Earthquake Administration Zhengzhou 450002 China 2. Institute of Geology China Earthquake Administration Beijing 100029 China

The authors processed the seismic refraction Pg-wave travel time data with finite difference tomography method and revealed velocity structure of the upper crust on active block boundaries and deep features of the active faults in western Sichuan Province. The following are the results of our investigation. The upper crust of Yanyuan basin and the Houlong Mountains consists of the superficial low-velocity layer and the deep uniform high-velocity layer, and between the two layers, there is a distinct, and gently west-dipping structural plane. Between model coordinates 180-240 km, P-wave velocity distribution features steeply inclined strip-like structure with strongly non-uniform high and low velocities alternately. Xichang Mesozoic basin between 240 and 3.0 km consists of a thick low-velocity upper layer and a high-velocity lower layer, where lateral and vertical velocity variations are very strong and the interface between the two layers fluctuates a lot. The Daliang Mountains to the east of the 3.0 km coordinate is a non-uniform high-velocity zone, with a superficial velocity of approximately 5 km/s. From 13. to 150 km and from 280 to 3.0 km, there are extremely distinct deep anomalous high-velocity bodies, which are supposed to be related with Permian magmatic activity. The Yanyuan nappe structure is composed of the superficial low-velocity nappe, the gently west-dipping detachment surface and the deep high-velocity basement, with Jinhe-Qinghe fault zone as the nappe front. Mopanshan fault is a west-dipping low-velocity zone, which extends to the top surface of the basement. Anninghe fault and Zemuhe fault are east-dipping, tabular-like, and low-velocity zones, which extend deep into the base-ment. At a great depth, Daliangshan fault separates into two segments, which are represented by drastic variation of velocity structures in a narrow strip: the west segment dips westward and the east segment dips eastward, both stretching into the basement. The east margin f

关键词： western Sichuan high-resolution seismic refraction active fault velocity structure of the upper crust

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CRUSTAL STRUCTURE OF EASTERN TIANSHAN REVEALED BY ACTIVE SOURCE SEISMOLOGY

CRUSTAL STRUCTURE OF EASTERN TIANSHAN REVEALED BY ACTIVE SOU...

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中国地球物理学会第二十七届年会

作者： Junmeng Zhao~(1,2,*) Zongjin Ma~2 Xiankang Zhang~3.Shixu Jia~3.Hongbing Liu~1 Shunping Pei~1 Ji Tang~2 Baofeng Liu~3.Jianshi Zhang~3.1.Key Laboratory of Continental Collision and Plateau Uplift,Institute of Tibetan Plateau research, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085,China 2.Institute of Geology,China earthquake administration,Beijing,China,100029 3.{3. for Geophysical exploration,China earthquake administration,zhengzhou,China,4.0002

＜正＞*** Located at the center of the Eurasian continent and accommodating as much as～50%of the modem crustal shortening between India and Siberia,the Tianshan orogenic belt（TOB） is one of the youngest（＜20 Ma） and highest（elevation＞7000 m） orogenic belts in the world. In order to understand the mechanism of quickly uplifting and large scale crustal shortening of the TOB, some geophysical profiles crossing the TOB have been *** research by Burtman and Molnar shows that the Ferghana block subducts southward into the southern Tianshan at a depth of～200 *** objective of

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The Crust-mantle Structure and Seismic Risk in Tangyin Graben and Its Adjacent Area

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earthquake research in China 1998年第4期12卷 66-76页

作者： Ren Qingfang, Zhang Xiankang, Zhang Chengke, Zhao Jinren, and Zhou Xuesong research center of exploration {3., CSB, zhengzhou 4.0002, China

1-D and 2-D calculation and interpretation are carried out with the DSS data from the western section of Heze-Changzhi profile and the southern section of zhengzhou-Jinan profile. 2-D velocity structure is determined in Tangyin graben and its adjacent area. The result shows that velocity structure of the crust and upper mantle is obviously different in vertical and lateral directions. Crustal thickness varies apparently in this area, and there are local low velocity blocks in the interior crust. The swelling M-discontinuity corresponds to Tangyin graben and Moho depth at the highest swelling position is 3. km. Toward the east, its depth gradually increases to 3. km in Xunxian swelling; toward the west, M-discontinuity becomes a steep zone at the piedmont uplift of Taihang Mountain and reaches 40 km at depth near Changzhi. Through analyzing the relationship between historical earthquakes and deep structure in North China, we infer that seismic risk exists in Tangyin graben and its adjacent area.

关键词： Tangyin graben and its adjacent area Crust/mantle structure Seismic risk.

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The Activity of Major Faults and the Hydrothermal Alteration Zone at Tianchi Volcano of Changbaishan

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earthquake research Advances 2004年第3期000卷 45-54页

作者： Liu Mingjun 1), Gu Menglin 1), Sun Zhenguo 1), Wei Haiquan 2) and Jin Bolu 3. 1) Geophysical exploration center, CEA, zhengzhou 4.0002, China 2) Institute of Geology, CEA, Beijing 100029, China 3. The No.6 Geological Survey of Geological and Mineral Resource {3. of Jilin Province, Yanji 13.001, Jilin, China Geophysical exploration center CEA Zhengzhou 450002China Institute of Geology CEA Beijing 100029China The No.6 Geological Survey of Geological and Mineral Resource administration of Jilin Province Yanji 133001JilinChina

It is found by field investigation that the near horizontal top surface of the brown or brick-red hydrothermal alteration zone varies obviously in elevation at different sections of the same layer on the caldera’s inner wall of Tianchi, with that at the north section near the Tianwen Peak about 110 m higher than that at the south near the Jiangjun Peak in Korea. The top surface of the hydrothermal alteration zone can be taken as key horizon to tectonic movement. The difference indicates that the total uplift height of the NW wall of the Liudaogou-Tianchi-Jingfengshan fault, the principal fault trending NE at Tianchi, is bigger than that of the SE wall ever since the occurrence of hydrothermal alteration. This also explains why the topography in the northwest side of Tianchi is steeper and with more developed river system than in the southeast. The uplifting of the northeastern wall is bigger than that of the southwest along the principal NW-trend fault, namely, the Baishanzhen-Tianchi-Jince fault. It is observed from characters of hydrothermal alteration and the palaeoresiduum, that the recent vertical movement rate along the principal NE-trend fault is larger than that of the principal NW-trend fault. The two faults intersect at Tianchi, dividing the volcano into 4 blocks, with the uplift magnitudes decreasing successively in the order of the north, the west, the east and the south block. The biggest uplift of the north block corresponds well to the shallow magma batch in the north of Tianchi observed by DSS and telluric electromagnetic sounding, and etc. and they may be related with the causes.

关键词： Tianchi volcano Major fault Caldera’s inner wall Hydrothermal alteration Different uplift

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The Crust-Mantle Structure in Zhangbei-Shangyi earthquake Area

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earthquake research in China 1999年第4期13卷 59-68页

作者： Zhu Zhiping, Zhang Jianshi, Zhang Xiankang, Zhang Chengke, Liu Mingqing, and Nie Wenyingresearch center of exploration {3., CSB, zhengzhou 4.0002, China

The seismic data obtained from the wide angle reflection and refraction profiles that pass through Zhangjiakou area of Hebei Province were interpreted. Some conclusions drawn from the result are as follows: (1) The nearly EW-trending Zhangbei-Chongli crustal fault zone and WNW-trending Zhangjiakou-Bohai Sea deep crustal fault zone meet in the Zhangbei earthquake (Ms = 6.2) area; (2) At the intersection, the two deep crustal fault zones that stretch to the Moho and the discontinuities of interfaces within the crust form the path for large area basalt eruption in Hannuoba; (3. In the earthquake area, the local velocity reversal in the middle-upper crust and abnormal low velocity zone in the lower crust imply that the magmatic activity there is still fairly violent; and (4) The recent activity of Zhangjiakou-Bohai Sea deep crustal fault zone may be the main cause of the Zhangbei earthquake.

关键词： Zhangbei and adjacent area crust-upper mantle velocity structure deep crustal fault wide angle reflection and refraction.

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Interpretation of S-Wave Data from Fanshi-Taipusiqi DSS Profile and Analysis of Correlation between Deep Structural Characteristics and Seismicity

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earthquake research in China 1998年第1期12卷 27-36页

作者： Zhou Xuesong,Song Songyan,Zhang Xiankang,Qiu Shuyan,Gong Yi,and Song Jianliresearch center of exploration {3.,SSB,zhengzhou 450003.China

By processing S-wave data from the Fanshi-Huai’an-Taipusiqi DSS profile,which is a three-component,wide-angle reflection/refraction profile,and in the light of the results from P-wave interpretation,two-dimensional(2-D)structures of the crust and upper mantle are presented,including S-wave velocity Vs and the physical parameter of medium-Poisson’s ratio *** other geological and geophysical information into account,and with reference to the results from petrophysical experiments at home and abroad,we carried out interpretation and inference with respect to deep crustal structure,tectonics,and lithologic *** has been concluded that in the upper and middle crust,a values are mostly not greater than 0.25,and rocks,which generally assume brittle,are mainly composed of granite; the rocks in the lower layer of the upper crust between Yangyuan-Huai’an containing inorganic CO2 itself releases carbon; for the rocks in the lower crust and crust-mantle transitional zone,which are comparatively

关键词： S-wave velocity Poisson’s ratio lithologic character ultra-crustal fault earthquakes.

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Study on Crustal Structure in Haiyuan Strong earthquake Region

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earthquake research in China 2001年第3期15卷 230-238页

作者： Li Songlin,Zhang Xiankang,Zhang Chengke,Ren Qingfang,Shi Jinhu,Zhao Jinren,Fang Shengming,Liu Baofeng,Pan Suzhen, and Zhang Jianshi research center of exploration {3., CSB, zhengzhou 4.0002 , China research center of exploration {3. CSB Zhengzhou 450002 China

The crust/upper-mantle velocity structure and deep tectonic features are obtained in Haiyuan M = 8. 5 earthquake region from data processing of Xiji-Zhongwei deep seismic sounding (DSS) profile. The result shows that there is a great difference between the velocity structures on the two sides of the epicenter. The crust consists of alternative high and low velocity layers on the southern side while on the northern side it consists of a series of layers with positive velocity gradient. There exists a deep fault cutting Moho or an anomalous deep structural zone in the epicentral region.

关键词： Haiyuan earthquake Crustal structure Deep crustal fault Anomalous structural zone.

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The Random Distribution of the Loading and Unloading Response Ratio Under the Assumptions of Poisson Models

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earthquake research in China 2000年第1期14卷 42-52页

作者： Zhuang Jiancang and Yin XiangchuCentre for Analysis and Prediction,CSB,Beijing 10003.,China research center of exploration {3.,CSB,zhengzhou 4.0002,China Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100080,China Centre for Analysis and Prediction CSBBeijing 100036China research center of exploration {3. CSB Zhengzhou 450002 China Centre for Analysis and Prediction CSBBeijing 100036China Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics Institute of Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China

This paper discussed the random distribution of the loading and unloading response ratio（LURR） of different definitions（Y1～Y5）using the assumptions that the earthquakes occurfollowing the Poisson process and their magnitudes obey the Gutenberg-Richter *** show that Y1～Y5 are quite stable or concentrated when the expected number of eventsin the calculation time window is relatively large（>40）;but when this occurrence ratebecomes very small,Y2～Y5 become quite variable or *** is to say,a high value ofthe LURR can be produced not only from seismicity before a large earthquake,but also from arandom sequence of earthquakes that obeys a Poisson process when the expected number ofevents in the window is too *** check the influence of randomness in the catalogue tothe LURR,the random distribution of the LURR under Poisson models has been calculated bysimulation.90%,95% and 99% confidence ranges of Y1 and Y3./sub> are given in this paper,which is helpful to quantify the random

关键词： Loading and unloading response ratio Poisson Model Gutenberg-Richter law Random distribution Confidence band

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