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The study on Sanmenxia annual flow forecasting in the Yellow River with mix regression model

Science china(Technological Sciences) 2004年第z1期47卷 118-126页

作者： JIANG Xiaohui1, LIU Changming1,2, WANG Yu3.& WANG Hongrui1 1. Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, china 2. institute of Geographic Science and Natural Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, china {3., planning, design and Research institute, yrcc, zhengzhou 450003. china Beijing Normal Univ Beijing 100875 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Beijing 100101 Peoples R China yrcc Reconnaissance Planning Design & Res Inst Zhengzhou 450003 Peoples R China

This paper established mix regression model for simulating annual flow, in which annual runoff is auto-regression factor, precipitation, air temperature and water consumption are regression factors; we adopted 9 hypothesis climate change schemes to forecast the change of annual flow of Sanmenxia Station. The results show : (1) When temperature is steady, the average annual runoff will increase by 8.3. if precipitation increases by 10%; when precipitation decreases by 10%, the average annual runoff will decrease by 8.2%; when precipitation is steady, the average annual runoff will decrease by 2.4% if temperature increases 1℃; if temperature decreases 1℃, runoff will increase by 1.2%. The mix regression model can well simulate annual runoff. (2) As to 9 different temperature and precipitation scenarios, scenario 9 is the most adverse to the runoff of Sanmenxia Station of Yellow River; i.e. temperature increases 1℃ and precipitation decreases by 10%. Under this condition, the simulated average annual runoff decreases by 10.8%. On the contrary, scenario 1 is the best to the enhancement of runoff; i.e. when temperature decreases 1 ℃ precipitation will increase by 10%, which will make the annual runoff of Sanmenxia increase by 10.6%.

关键词： forecast annual flow, mix regression model, Sanmenxia Station

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Efficiency of sediment transport by flood and its control in the Lower Yellow River

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2004年第z1期47卷 173-185页

作者： NI Jinren1, LIU Xiaoyong2, LI Tianhong1, ZHAO Ye’an3.& JIN Ling1 1. Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University The Key Laboratory of Water and Sedi- ment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, china 2. General institute of Water Resources and Hydropower planning and {3., Ministry of Water Re- sources, Beijing 100011, china 3. The Yellow River Conservancy Commission, zhengzhou 450003. china 1. Department of Environmental Engineering Peking University 100871 Beijing China 2. The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences Ministry of Education 100871 Beijing China 3. General institute of Water Resources and Hydropower planning and design Ministry of Water Resources 100011 Beijing China 4. The Yellow River Conservancy Commission 450003 Zhengzhou China

This paper presents the characteristics of sediment transport by flood in the Lower Yellow River with the reach from Huayuankou to Gaocun, which is regarded as a typical braided pattern. The Artificial Neural Network Model on Water Use for Sediment Transport (WUST) by flood was established based on the measured data from 1980 to 1998. Consequently, simulations of controlling process of sediment transport by flood were made in terms of the control theory under different scenarios. According to the situation of sediment transport by flood in the Lower Yellow River, Open-Loop control system and feedback control system were adopted in system design. In the Open-Loop control system, numerical simulations were made to reveal the relationship between average discharge of flood and the WUST with varying sediment concentrations. The results demonstrate that sediment concentration has significant influence on the controlling process of flood flow to WUST. It is practical and efficient to control WUST if sediment concentration is less than 20 kg/m3. In the feedback control system, controlling processes of sediment concentration and flood discharge for sediment transport were simulated respectively under given conditions, and it was found that sediment transport process could be controlled completely by sediment concentration and discharge at the inlet of the reach from Huayuankou to Gaocun. Using the same method, controlling processes of sediment transport by flood in other reaches in the Lower Yellow River were also simulated. For the case of sediment concentration being 20 kg/m3. the optimized controlling discharge ranges from 23.0 to 2900 m3.s in the lower reach of Huayuankou. This study is also of significance to flood control and flushing sediment in the Lower Yellow River with proper operation modes of Xiaolangdi Reservoir.

关键词： the Lower Yellow River, flood, sediment transport, efficiency, simulation, control.

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A distributed hydrological model with its application to the Jinghe watershed in the Yellow River Basin

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2004年第z1期47卷 60-71页

作者： WANG Zhonggen1, ZHENG Hongxing1, LIU Changming1, , WU Xianfeng2 2 & ZHAO Weimin3.1. Key Laboratory of Water Cycle & Related Land Surface Processes, institute of Geographic Science and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, china 2. institute of Environmental Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, china 3. Water Resources Conservation Committee of Yellow River, zhengzhou 450003. china Chinese Acad Sci Key Lab Water Cycle & Related Land Surface Proc Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res Beijing 100101 Peoples R China Beijing Normal Univ Inst Environm Sci Beijing 100875 Peoples R China Water Resources Conservat Comm Yellow River Zhengzhou 450003 Peoples R China

For the purpose of water resources management in the Yellow River Basin with highly spatial difference, a daily distributed hydrological model was proposed, of which the determination of spatially-distributed parameters and model inputs processing were performed by means of GIS/RS. In the model, the computation of runoff yield was based on the topography index method and flow routing was modeled by Maskingum method. The operation of the model is followed by means of “command structure” technique based upon the topography of river network. A case study using the model was conducted for the Jinghe watershed, which locates at the middle Yellow River Basin. The simulation of the hydrological processes in 1996 has shown that water quantity balance errors were less than 5% and the Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient arrived at 0.7, indicating that the model structure is justifiable, and the precision of the model can satisfy the purpose of water resources management.

关键词： distributed hydrological model, structure and equation, GIS and RS, Jinghe Basin, Yellow River Basin.

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Effect of Initial Microstructure on Warm Deformation Behavior of 45 Steel

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2012年第8期19卷 75-78页

作者： ZHAO Xin1, YANG Xiao-ling2, JING Tian-fu3.(1. The Sixth Department, zhengzhou institute of Aeronautics, zhengzhou 450015, Henan, {3. 2. zhengzhou Zhongxing Basic Constructions Development Co Ltd, zhengzhou 450015, Henan, {3. 3. State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, Hebei, {3.) [a] The Sixth Department Zhengzhou Institute of Aeronautics Zhengzhou 450015 Henan China [b] zhengzhou Zhongxing Basic Constructions Development Co Ltd Zhengzhou 450015 Henan China [c] State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology Qinhuangdao 066004 Hebei China

In order to investigate the effect of initial microstructure on warm deformation behavior, some specimens of 45 steel were annealed and some quenched. Then the specimens were isothermally compressed on a Gleeble 3.00 machine. The deformation temperature range was 550 to 700 ℃ and the strain rate range was 0.001 to 0.1 s-1. An optical microscope (OM) and a transmission electron microscope (TEM) were used to study the microstructures. The results show that the microstructure of annealed specimens is ferrite and pearlite and that of quenched specimens is martensite. The flow stress of quenched specimens is higher than that of annealed ones at 550 ℃ when strain rates are greater than 0.001 s-1. However, at 600 to 700 ℃ and strain rate of 0.001 s-1, the whole flow curves of quenched specimens are below that of annealed ones. Under the rest conditions, the flow stress of quenched specimens is higher at the beginning of compression and then the opposite is true after the strain is greater than a critical value. The microstructure examination proves that the tempering and dynamic recrystallization easily occur in the specimens with martensite during warm compression, which results in the above phenomena.

关键词： warm deformation flow stress steel microstructure

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Main chemical ingredients of the celadon glaze from Qingliangsi kiln and Zhanggongxiang kiln

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Science china(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2006年第4期49卷 487-495页

作者： ZHAO Weijuan1, LU Xiaoke1, LI Guoxia1, GUO Min1, XIE Jianzhong1, GAO Zhengyao1, SUN Xinmin2, GUO Musen2, CHENG Huansheng3.& ZHANG Bin3.1. Faculty of Physical Engineering, zhengzhou University, zhengzhou 450052, china 2. Research {3. of Cultural Relic and Archaeology, Henan Province, zhengzhou 450004, china 3. Research {3. of Modern Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 20043., china 1. Faculty of Physical Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450052 China 2. Research institute of Cultural Relic and Archaeology Henan Province Zhengzhou 450004 China 3. Research institute of Modern Physics Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China

The proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) is used to determine the chemical ingredients of seven main elements in the samples of Ru Guan porcelain glazes and Ru Civil porcelain from Qingliangsi kiln in Baofeng County and the samples of celadon glaze from Zhanggongxiang kiln in Ruzhou City. The PIXE data are then analyzed by scatter analysis and fuzzy cluster method for determining their classification and provenance. The results show that there are obvious differences between the ingredients of glaze material of Ru Guan porcelain and Ru Civil porcelain from Qingliangsi kiln, of which the former ingredients are stable and its source is localized, and that the sources and ingredients of the glaze of Ru Guan porcelain and those of celadon glaze from Zhanggongxiang kiln are not wholly the same, of which the latter sources are much scattering.

关键词： Zhanggongxiang kiln, Qingliangsi kiln, the source of raw material, the proton induced X-ray emission.

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Proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) analysis of sources of porcelain body of Ru Guan and Jun Guan porcelains

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Science china(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2006年第4期49卷 411-420页

作者： LI Guoxia1, ZHAO Weijuan1, LI Rongwu2, SUN Hongwei1, GUO Min1, WANG Yanfang1, LIU Hui1, ZHAO Qingyun3. SUN Xinmin3. ZHAO Wenjun3.& CHENG Huansheng4 1. Faculty of Physical Engineering, zhengzhou University, zhengzhou 450052, china 2. Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, china 3. institute of Cultural Relic and Archaeology of Henan Province, zhengzhou 450000, china 4. institute of Modern Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 20043., china Faculty of Physical Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450052 China Department of Physics Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China institute of Cultural Relic Archaeology of Henan Province Zhengzhou 450000 China institute of Modern Physics Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China

3. samples of Ru Guan porcelain body and 50 samples of Jun Guan porcelain body (both kinds being in different body colors) were selected with the purpose of finding out the source of raw materials and their classification relationship so as to search for ways of non-destructive discrimination. Proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) has been applied to these samples to determine their chemical elements. The data of seven major chemical elements collected from these samples were further studied through fuzzy cluster analysis. Results indicate that the origin of raw materials of Jun Guan porcelain body samples is comparatively more concentrated in certain places, while that of Ru Guan porcelain body samples is scattered about. The places of origin of raw materials of the majority of Ru Guan and Jun Guan porcelain body samples have something in common, but some differences still exist. It might be an important way for non-destructive discrimination among Ru Guan and Jun Guan porcelains by combining PIXE with fuzzy cluster analysis.

关键词： Ru Guan and Jun Guan porcelain, source of porcelain body, PIXE, fuzzy cluster analysis, non-destructive discrimination.

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Combined adjustment project of national astronomical geodetic networks and 2000' national GPS control network

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2005年第5期15卷 435-441页

作者： YANG Yuanxi1*, ZHA Ming2, SONG Lijie3. WEI Ziqing1, WANG Zhouping2, OUYANG Guichong2, XU Bilin2, WU Xiaoping3.and WANG Junqin4(1. Xi'an Research institute of Surveying and Mapping, Xi'an 710054, china 2. Xi'an Informational and Technical Center of Surveying and Mapping, Xi'an 710054, china 3. {3. institute of Surveying and Mapping, {3. 450052, china 4. The First Surveying Team of Tianjin, Tianjin 3.0140, china) Xian Research institute of Surveying and Mapping Xi''an 710054 China Xi''an Informational and Technical Center of Surveying and Mapping Xi''an 710054 China zhengzhou institute of Surveying and Mapping Zhengzhou 450052 China

The combined adjustment project of the nationwide astronomical geodetic networks and 2000' national GPS control network involve 48519 terrestrial observational stations and 2666 GPS observational stations. In the terrestrial network, 25107 stations are height fixed and 23.12 stations are in three dimensions. 440793.terrestrial observations and 183.68 unknowns are involved in the adjustment. The three-dimensional observational models for the adjustment have been established. The crustal deformation influences and corrections are researched. Fast methods of solving partitioned adjustment for super large-scale geodetic network have been studied. The standard deviations of three-dimensional coordinates for all stations are evaluated. As a result of the combined adjustment, a unified national geodetic network with nearly 50000 stations is established, the high accurate three-dimensional geocentric coordinates are obtained. The standard deviation for geoid is averagely 0.2 m, for vertical deflection is about 1.5″, for the horizontal position is about 0.12 m, for the geodetic height is about 0.14 m, and for the three-dimensional position is averagely 0.3.m.

关键词： astronomical geodetic network GPS network combined adjustment datum geocentric coordinates.

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LONG AND DEEP DIVERSION TUNNELS OF 1^(ST) STAGE PROJECT IN WEST ROUTE OF SOUTH-NORTH WATER TRANSFER PROJECT

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岩石力学与工程学报 2003年第9期22卷 1527-1532页

作者： Shen Fengsheng,Liu Xin (reconnaissance,planning,design and Research {3.,Yellow River Construction Commission, Ministry of Water Resources, zhengzhou 450003.china) reconnaissance Planning Design and Research Institute Yellow River Construction Commission Ministry of Water Resources Zhengzhou 450003

West Route of South-North Water Transfer Project,situated in southeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,is a giant project,which will deliver 17 billion m3.of water from the main stream and tributaries upstream of the Yangtze River to the upper reaches of the Yellow River. It is to be constructed in 3.stages, of which the 1st stage project includes delivering 4 billion m3.of water by gravity from two tributaries of Yalong River and three tributaries of Dadu River. The project consists of 5 dams,7 tunnels and a channel in series,with the dam height of 63.123.m and water transfer length of 260.3.km,of which the tunnels measure 244.1 km. The special climatic,environmental and geologic conditions make the project much more complicated in construction,especially 3.tunnels with the length longer than 50 km each create challenges to the technical requirements of engineering survey,design and construction.

关键词：南水北调工程西线工程引水隧洞 TBM

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Silicon nanoporous pillar array and its surface copper deposition

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2005年第14期50卷 1424-1428页

作者： FU Xiaonan1,2,3. CHAI Huadou1,2 & LI Xinjian1,2 1. Department of Physics, zhengzhou University, zhengzhou 450052, china 2. Key Laboratory of Material Physics (zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education, zhengzhou 450052, china 3. Department of Mathematics and Physics, Henan University of Tech- nology, zhengzhou 450052, china Department of Physics Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450052 China Key Laboratory of Material Physics (zhengzhou University) Ministry of Education Zhengzhou 450052 China Department of Mathematics and Physics Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou 450052 China

Silicon nanoporous pillar array (Si-NPA) has been prepared by a hydrothermal etching technique. Using Si-NPA as substrate, a Cu/Si-NPA nanocomposite thin film has been obtained with immersion plating method. Morpho- logical and structural analysis indicates that Si-NPA is a typical structural composite system characterized by a triple hierarchical structure, i. e. the array of micron-sized silicon pillars, the nanopores densely distributed on the surface of the pillars, and the silicon nanocrystallites that constitute the pore walls. Cu/Si-NPA inherits the morphological character- istics of Si-NPA. The compactability of the deposited copper nanoparticles varies alternatively with the local geometrical features of Si-NPA and forms a quasi-periodical pattern. Such an experimental phenomenon is attributed to the veloc- ity dependence of the copper deposition upon the local geo- metrical features of Si-NPA. These results indicate that Si-NPA might be used as an ideal template for preparing specially patterned, structured or functionalized metal/ sili- con nanocomposite systems.

关键词：硅元素薄膜蚀刻技术电镀技术

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Carbon isotope composition of the Lower Triassic marine carbonates, Lower Yangtze Region, South china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2006年第3期49卷 225-241页

作者： ZUO Jingxun1,2, TONG Jinnan3. QIU Haiou4 & ZHAO Laishi3.1. Nanjing institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, china 2. Henan institute of Geological Survey, {3. 450007, china 3. State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources at china University of Geosciences, Wuhan 43.074, china 4. Faculty of Material Sciences and Chemical Engineering, china University of Geosciences, Wuhan 43.074, china 1. Nanjing institute of Geology and Palaeontology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China 2. Henan institute of Geological Survey Zhengzhou 450007 China 3. State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources at china University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China 4. Faculty of Material Sciences and Chemical Engineering China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China

Studies on three Lower Triassic sections located on the shallow water platform, the deep water slope and in the deep water basin in the Lower Yangtze Region, South china, show the similar trend of carbon isotope evolution. Biostratigraphic correlations among the Lower Triassic sections on the basis of standard conodont zones indicate that three negative shifts occurred in the Griesbachian, the Smithian and the late Spathian stages respectively, and one distinctly positive shift occurred in the early Spathian stage. Trend of carbon isotope evolution of the Lower Triassic reflects some significant changes in the global carbon cycle. Moreover, δ 13. background values are intensively controlled by palaeogeographic environment. In general, δ 13. values from deep-water slope carbonates are lighter than those from carbonate platform and heavier than those from deep-water basin carbonates. The positive carbon isotope excursion may be induced by a significant amount of organic carbon burial in marine sediments and increase in primary productivity. The large negative carbon isotope excursions during the Early Triassic in Lower Yangtze Region are interpreted to relate to volcano eruptions based on tuffaceous claystone interlayers observed near the Permian-Triassic boundary, the Induan- Olenekian boundary and the Lower Triassic-Middle Triassic boundary.

关键词： Lower Triassic, carbon isotope compositions, palaeogeography, volcanic eruptions, Lower Yangtze Region.

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