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Effect of sediment resuspension on underwater light field in shallow lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River:A case study in Longgan Lake and Taihu Lake

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Science china Earth sciences 2006年第z1期49卷 114-125页

作者： ZHANG Yunlin, QIN Boqiang, ZHU Guangwei, GAO Guang, LUO Liancong & CHEN Weimin nanjing institute of geography & {3., chinese academy of sciences, nanjing 210008, china Graduate School of chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 10003., china nanjing institute of geography & {3. Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing China Graduate School of chinese academy of sciences Beijing China

Based on three continuous in situ underwater light field measurement under different wind waves conditions in Longgan Lake, Meiliang Bay of Taihu Lake in July 2003.and littoral zone near TLLER in July 2004, respectively, the effects of sediment resuspension caused by wind waves on PAR diffuse attenuation, absorption coefficients and euphotic depths are analyzed. In Longgan Lake, PAR diffuse attenuation coefficients during small, middle and large wind waves were 1.74, 2.02 and 2.45 m-1, respectively, and the corresponding PAR spectral diffuse attenuations ranged from 0.98 to 2.97, 1.3. to 3.95 and 1.80 to 5.40 m-1, respectively. In Meiliang Bay, PAR diffuse attenuation coefficients were 2.63. 3.72, 4.3. m-1 during small, middle and large wind waves. PAR diffuse attenuation coefficients increased by 41% and 66% from small to middle, large wind waves, respectively. Absorption coefficients integrated over the range of PAR of CDOM, phytoplankton were 0.26, 0.28 m-1; 0.76, 0.49 m-1, respectively during middle and large wind waves. Absorption coefficients integrated over the range of PAR of non-algal particulate matter and total suspended particulate matter increased from 0.94 to 1.73.m-1, and from 1.70 to 2.22 m-1, respectively during middle and large wind waves. Relative contributions of absorption coefficients of non-algal particulate matter to total absorption coefficient integrated over the range of PAR were 44.14%, 65.05%, respectively, during middle and large wind waves. PAR euphotic depths decreased by 0.40, 0.19, 0.20 m from middle to large wind waves in Longganhu Lake, Meliang Bay and littoral zone near TLLER. Significant correlations were found between transparency, PAR diffuse attenuation coefficients, euphotic depths and total suspended paniculate matter, wind velocity, wave height. Most significant correlations were found between transparency, PAR diffuse attenuation coefficients, euphotic depths and inorganic suspended paniculate matter but low correlations

关键词： shallow lake, Taihu Lake, diffuse attenuation coefficient, absorption coefficient, total suspended particulate matter.

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APPLICATION　OF　GIS　IN　ANALYZING　ECOSYSTEM＇S　RELATIVE　SENSITIVITY　TO　ACID　DEPOSITION

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chinese Geographical Science 1996年第4期6卷 359-363页

作者： He Longhua Yans Hongwei(nanjing institute of geography & {3., the chinese academy of sciences,nanjing 210008, PRC) nanjing institute of geography & {3. the Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing PRC

This paper decribo an application of GIS technology in estimating estem's relive sensitivity to acid despition. East china is selected as the research area. Four variable layers, which are ha rock, soil buffering ability, vegetation type and soil humidity, are used in the process. Five grades are separated in this research. The sensitivity mapping is also discussed in this paper.

关键词： acid deposition sensitivity index geographic information system

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MAJOR PROBLEMS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ALONG THE BANK AREA OF THE CHANGJIANG RIVER

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chinese Geographical Science 2000年第2期10卷 97-104页

作者： YANG Gui-shan(nanjing institute of geography and {3.,the chinese academy of sciences, Nanjng 210008, P R. china) nanjing institute of geography and {3. the Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing P. R. China

Developing the Changjiang(Yangtze) River and building a developed economic zone along the bank area of the Chanajiang River is a great strategic decision of the national macroeconomic development distribution. This decision has both given an impetus to fast development of the regional economy and exacerbated the contradiction among economy and resources and environment. In this paper, some major problems ekisting in economic sustainable development, such as scattered industrial structure, duplicated construction of the great projects, enlarging the development gap of the regional economy and deteriorated environment etc., have been studied. The results show that scattered structure and duplicated distribution of some key industries and projects, especially automobile, electronics and petrochemical industry and communication, power installations, is one of the reasons for low industrial economic benefit; the great development gap among upper, middle and lower reaches areas are enlarging since the 1990’ s; soil erosion, nood disaster and environmental pollution are still exacerliating due to unreasonable over-development. Based on the above analysis, this paper brings out some countermeasures and proposals for increasing the ability of regional sustainable development, including transregional reorganization of industrial structure linking by assets and speeding the process of regional economy integration; gradually controlling and reducing the development gap arnong upper, middle and lower reaches areas through regional cooperation on a mutually beneficial basis; as well as strengthening ecological construction and environmental protection and increasing environmental bearing capacity etc.

关键词： the bank area of the Changjiang River sustainable development structure problems environment deterioration

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Research on the evaluation model of the modernization level of urban construction in Jiangsu Province,china

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Science china(Technological sciences) 2010年第9期53卷 2510-2514页

作者： YANG JunYan1 & CHEN Wen2 1 School of Architecture,Southeast University,nanjing 210096,china 2 nanjing {3. of geography and limnology,chinese academy of sciences,nanjing 210008,china School of Architecture Southeast University Nanjing China nanjing institute of geography and {3. Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing China

The modernization of urban construction is a key index in the process of urbanization,and also is an important index to measure the level of socio-economic and cultural *** paper analyzes and explores the related concepts of modernization of urban construction,analyzes the situation and identity of urban construction layer by layer so as to establish an evaluation index system of the modernization level of urban construction and then the paper evaluates the modernization level of urban construction from four different angles,which are the perspectives of the urban planning control,the level of urban facilities,urban management,urban construction *** later analyzes the evaluation results by choosing Jiangsu Province as a research hierarchy from the scale chains of urban study and makes efforts to the operative and directive development direction.

关键词： modernization of urban construction index system evaluation model

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Chronology of Holocene lacustrine sediments in Co Ngoin, central Tibetan Plateau

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Science china Earth sciences 2006年第9期49卷 991-1001页

作者： WU Yanhong1, WANG Sumin1& HOU Xinhua1,3.1. Key Laboratory of Lake Sedimentation and Environment, nanjing institute of geography and {3., chinese academy of sciences, nanjing 210008, china 2. institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 10085, china 3. Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 10003., china Key Laboratory of Lake Sedimentation and Environment Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing China institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing China

Chronology is the basis for using lacustrine sediments to reconstruct the history of en-vironmental change. Radioactive-nuclides such as 14C, 210Pb and 13.Cs dating are mainly used to establish the chronology for recent several ten thousand years. Because of being mixed with “dead carbon”, the measured 14C age is always older than the actual age which is recognized as “reservoir effect”. Cs is a kind of active metal element, and easy to migrate vertically in the sediment that leads to the error of the time marker. 210Pb dating should make sure to select CIC model or CRS model. On the Tibetan Plateau, most of the lakes are alkaline closed lake where Cs is more moveable in the sediment and the reservoir effect caused by “dead carbon” on 14C dating is stronger. Based on the analysis on results of 14C, 210Pb and 13.Cs of the lacustrine sediments from Co Ngoin, central Tibetan Plateau, we use the simple regression method to re-calculate the 14C calendar ages, and establish the time sequence for cores CE-1 and CE-2 with result of 210Pb CRS model for the upper 3. cm and re-calculated 14C calendar age for sediments bellow 3. cm. Since 1400 cal. a BP, sedimentation inter-rupted for more than 1000 years. According to this time sequence, variations of environmental proxies confidently reflect the major climatic events in Holocene.

关键词： 14C, 210Pb and 13.Cs, chronology, lacustrine sediments, climatic event, Co Ngoin, central Tibetan Plateau.

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Effects of main range and strength factors on change of COD in a shallow lake

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Journal of Environmental sciences 1998年第1期10卷 51-57页

作者： Fan Cheng xin nanjing institute of geography and {3.,chinese academy of sciences,nanjing 210008,china

A model involving the relationship between non conservative matter (COD) and main range factors(loading, water stage) and strength factor (temperature) in a shallow lake has been established on the basis of less change of water stage area curve in certain extent, broader distribution in pollution sources and more homogeneous in quantity of heat. The effects of COD inflow and /or outflow, and hydro meterological factors upon COD content in Lake Taihu were calculated and simulated under the actual situation of the loadings and regimen. The results simulated by using the model are in better agreement with the observed field data. The error of the model was also discussed.

关键词： COD model environmental factor effects shallow lake.

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THE CHARACTERISTICS AND MAIN PROBLEMSOF MINORITY REGIONS IN china

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chinese Geographical Science 2001年第4期11卷 8-13页

作者： ZHANG Luo-cheng, WU Chu-cai(nanjing institute of geography & {3., the chinese academy of sciences, nanjing 210008, P. R. china) nanjing institute of geography & {3. the Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing P. R. China

ABSTRACT: china is a country that has a large number of minorities, who live in specific regions which are mainly located in central and west china. These regions are abundant in natural resources, which are potential advantages and also an important basis for economic development in these regions. They are of general importance for china in strategic and ecological terms. They will not only affect the environment for survival of the minority regions but also affect the sustainable development of the eastern and central parts of china and even the survival and development of the chinese nation as a whole. Minorities live in relatively compact communities, among the 55 minorities, 3. of them were highly compact minorities, with a compact level of more than 90% . Here the development in infrastructure as well as social and economic development (e. g. export-oriented economy) has been and is still slow, regional poverty are most concentrated. The economic structures in minority areas are still in the low stage, which have resulted in underdevelopment in these regions.

关键词： minority regions development problems

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Economic development and major guarantee projects in the region along the Yangtze River

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Journal of Geographical sciences 1998年第3期8卷 83-92页

作者： CHEN Wen YU Xiaogan nanjing institute of geography & {3., chinese academy of sciences nanjing 210008 china

The region along the Yangtze River is the major exploitation belt and a linkage of eastern and western parts of china. It plays an essential role in the national economic development. Since the implementation of the reform and open door policy, regional economy has got rapidly developed. In the process of development, the region also faces difficulties like energy shortage, backward transportation facilities, grain output reduction, and environmental deterioration. Countermeasures are put forward in the paper to cope with the difficulties.

关键词： regional economy development strategy industry transportation energy Yangtze Valley.

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Nutrient fluxes induced by disturbance in Meiliang Bay of Lake Taihu

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Science china Earth sciences 2006年第z1期49卷 186-192页

作者： LUO Liancong, QIN Boqiang, ZHU Guangwei, SUN Xiaojing, HONG Dalin, GAO Yajun & XIE Rui nanjing institute of geography & {3., chinese academy of sciences, nanjing 210008, china nanjing Hydraulic Research institute, Ministry of Water Resources, nanjing 210024, china nanjing institute of geography & {3. Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing China nanjing Hydraulic Research institute Ministry of Water Resources Nanjing China

A wave flume experiment was conducted to study nutrient fluxes at water-sediment interface of Meiliang Bay under different hydrodynamic conditions. The results reveal that hydrodynamics has remarkable effects on nutrient fluxes in this area. With a bottom wave stress of 0.019 N m-2 (equivalent to disturbance caused by wind SE 5-7 m s-1 at the sediment sample site of Meiliang Bay), the fluxes of TN, TDN and NH4+-N were separately 1.92× 10-3. -1.81 × 10-4 and 5.28× 10-4 mg m-2 s-1(positive for upward and negative for downward), but for TP, TDP and SRP, the fluxes were 5.69 × 10-4, 1.68 × 10-4 and -1.29 × 10-4 mgm-2 s-1. In order to calculate the released amount of nutrients based on these results, statistic analysis on the long-term meteorological data was *** result shows that the maximum lasting time for wind SE 5-7 m s-1 in this area is about 15 h in summer. Further calculation shows that 111 t TN, 3. t NH4+-N, 3. t TP and 10 t TDP can be released into water (the sediment area was 47.45% of the whole surface area), resulting in concentration increase of 0.025, 0.007, 0.007 and 0.002 mg L-1 separately. With stronger disturbance (bottom wave stress is 0.217 N m-2 which is equivalent to disturbance caused by wind SE 10-11 m s-1 at the same site), there has been significant increase of nutrient fluxes (1.16× 10-2, 6.76×10-3. 1.14× 10-2 and 2.14× 10-3.mgm-2 s-1 for TN, DTN and NH4+-N and TP). The exceptions were TDP with flux having a decrease (measured to be 9.54× 10-5 mgm-2 s-1 ) and SRP with flux having a small increase (measured to be 5.42 × 10-5 mgm-2 s-1). The same statistic analysis on meteorological data reveal that the maximum lasting time for wind SE 10-11 m s-1 is no more than 5 h. Based on the nutrient fluxes and the wind lasting-time, similar calculations were also made suggesting that 23. t TN, 13..9 t TDN, 228 t NH4+-N, 42.7 t TP, 2.0 t TDP and 1.1 t SRP will be released from sediment at this hydrodynamic condition resulting in the concentration

关键词： hydrodynamics disturbance water-sediment interface nutrient release flux Lake Talhu.

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Seasonal variation of potential denitrification rates of surface sediment from Meiliang Bay, Taihu Lake, china

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2010年第7期22卷 961-967页

作者： Jicheng Zhong, Chengxin Fan, Guofeng Liu, Lei Zhang, Jingge Shang, Xiaozhi GuState Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, nanjing institute of geography and {3., chinese academy of sciences, nanjing 210008, china. State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 Chin

The regulatory effects of environmental factors on denitrification were studied in the sediments of Meiliang Bay, Talhu Lake, in a monthly sampling campaign over a one-year period. Denitrification rates were measured in slurries of field samples and enrichment experiments using the acetylene inhibition technique. Sediment denitrification rates in inner bay and outer bay ranged from 2.8 to 51.5 nmol N2/（g dw （dry weight）·hr） and from 1.5 to 81.1 nmol N2/（g dw·hr）, respectively. Sediment denitrification rates were greatest in the spring and lowest in the summer and early autumn, due primarily to seasonal differences in nitrate concentration and water temperature. For each site, positive and linear relationships were regularly observed between denitrification rate and water column nitrate concentration. Of various environmental factors on denitrification that we assessed, nitrate was determined to be the key factor limiting denitrification rates in the sediments of Meiliang Bay. In addition, at the two sites denitrification rates were also regulated by temperature. The addition of organic substrates had no significant effect on denitrification rate, indicating that sediment denitrification was not limited by organic carbon availability in the sediments. Nitrate in the water column was depleted during summer and early autumn, and this suppressed effective removal of nitrogen from Taihu Lake by denitrification.

关键词： denitrification sediment environmental factors Taihu Lake

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