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Multiple Effects of Energy Issues and Countermeasures: A Case of Shandong Province

chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2008年第4期6卷 88-94页

作者： Wang Chengxin1,2., Wang Gefang3., Yao Shimou4 1. College of Population, Resources and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan Shandong 2.0014, china 2. Research Center of Cycle Economy of Shandong Province, Jinan Shandong 2.0001, china 3. Party School of the Shandong Committee of CPC, Jinan Shandong 2.002., china 4. {3. institute of geography and limnology, chinese academy of Sciences, {3. Jiangsu {12., china College of Population Resources and Environment Shandong Normal University Research Center of Cycle Economy of Shandong Province Party School of the Shandong Committee of CPC nanjing institute of {2. and {3. Chinese Academy of Sciences

Energy is now becoming the bottleneck of urban and regional development. The paper takes Shandong Province, one of the most energy consuming provinces in china, as an example, uses quantity methods such as SPSS (Stastics Package for Social Science) cluster sampling and regression analysis, and applies quantity analysis, to analyze the situation of energy issues in Shandong province. The conflicts between the quick industrialization and increasing extensive economic development, between urban population and energy consuming per head, between the infinite energy consuming desire and the low level of managing system, and between the unstable world energy supply and the limited energy storage in china are the main factors of energy crisis in Shandong, which not only results in energy shortage, but also becomes the barrier of economic and social development. In order to ensure sufficient energy supply for Shandong province in the 2.st century, we should take countermeasures, such as changing the economic development model, pursuing a multiple and high quality energy strategy, improving the intensive urbanization strategy, and building a scientific energy system.

关键词： energy effects countermeasure Shandong Province

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Cambrian- Ordovician Deep - Water Deposits in Southwest Jiangxi, china

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 1994年第4期68卷 435-449,471-472页

作者： Ji Leinanjing institute of {2. and {3., Academia Sinica, nanjing Jiang Minxi nanjing institute of {2. and {3. Academia Sinica Nanjing

The Cambrian-Ordovician rocks in southwestern Jiangxi are mainly composed of deep-water deposits, in which 5 facies have been recognized: sandstone facies, sandstone-mudstone facies, siltstone-mudstone facies, mudstone (slate)facies, and chert facies. They are of turbidity current origin and are related to pelagic and hemipelagic deposits. In the light of facies distribution, the Cambrian-Ordovician deposits can be classified into 3.facies associations formed in middle fan, outer fan and deep-sea plain environments respectively. The 3.different orders of vertical cycles in the stratigraphic sequence are considered to be controlled by factors such as sea-level fluctuation, basin subsidence and submarine fan progradation. The tectonic setting of the sedimentary basin is interpreted as passive continental margin based on the chemical composition analysis of the sandstone.

关键词： deep-water deposits turbidite pelagite and hemipelagite submarine fan vertical cycles

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Yangtzedonta and the early evolution of shelled molluscs

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chinese Science Bulletin 2001年第24期46卷 2103-2106页

作者： QIAN Yinanjing institute of Geology and Palaeontology, {2. {3. of Sciences, nanjing 2.0008, china nanjing institute of Geology and Palaeontology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing China

The holotype of Yangtzedonta Yu, 1985 and its type species, Y. primitiva Yu, 1985, is an incomplete specimen of Xianfengella prima He et Yang, 1982. Therefore, based on the principle of priority, the names Yangtzedonta and Y. primitiva Yu (1985) should be abandoned. The fact that ventral valve of Xianfengella is bilaterally symmetrical indicates that they are not the left valve of a bivalved mollusc, as originally proposed by Yu. At present, the oldest certain bivalve is Xianfengoconcha elliptica Zhang, which occurs in the Early Cambrian Qiongzhusi Stage in china. The oldest known rostroconch is Heraultipegma yunnanensis He et Yang, which first occurs in the third small shelly fossil assemblage zone of the Early Cambrian Meishucunian Stage. The oldest known monoplacophoran, Maikhanella pristinis (Jiang), first occurs in the first small shelly fossil assemblage zone (Meishucunian Stage). Evidence derived from analyses of shell morphology, mode of growth, histology, and stratigraphic occurrence suggests

关键词： Yangtzedonta bivalves Xianfengella brachiopods enig- matic fossil.

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Prediction method for October 2.03.solar storm

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2006年第5期49卷 629-640页

作者： XIE Yanqiong1, 2. 3. WEI Fengsi1, FENG Xueshang1 & ZHONG Dingkun1, 2.1. State Key Laboratory of Space Weather, Center for Space Science and Applied Research, chinese {2. of Sciences, Beijing 100080, china 2. Graduate School, chinese {2. of Sciences, Beijing 10003., china 3. institute of Meteorology, PLA University of Science and Technology, nanjing 2.1101, china State Key Laboratory of Space Weather Center for Space Science and Applied Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Graduate School Chinese Academy of Sciences

Aiming at two intense shock events on October 2. and 2., 2.03. this paper presents a two-step method, which combines synoptic analysis of space weather ——“observing” and quantitative prediction ——“palpating”, and then uses it to test predictions. In the first step of “observing”, on the basis of observations of the solar source surface magnetic field, interplanetary scintillation (IPS) and ACE spacecraft, we find that the propagation of the shocks is asymmetric relative to the normal direction of their solar sources, and the Earth is located near the direction of the fastest speed and the greatest energy of the shocks. As the two fast ejection shock events, the fast explosion of coronal mass of the extremely high temperature, the strong magnetic field, and the high speed background solar wind are also helpful to their rapid propagation. In the second step of “palpating”, we adopt a new membership function of the fast shock events for the ISF method. The predicted results show that for the onset time of the geomagnetic disturbance, the relative errors between the observational and the predicted results are 1.8% and 6.7%; and for the magnetic disturbance magnitude, the relative errors are 4.1% and 3.1%, re- spectively. Furthermore, the comparison among the predicted results of our two-step method with those of five other prevailing methods shows that the two-step method is advantageous. The results tell us that understanding the physical features of shock propagation thoroughly is of great importance in improving the prediction precision.

关键词： solar storm, interplanetary shock, interplanetary scintillation, two-step method, ISF method.

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Assessment of coastal vulnerability to environmental change in Jiangsu coastal plain

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2001年第1期11卷 24-33页

作者： YANG Gui-shan, SHI Ya-feng, ZHANG Chen, LIANG Hai-tang (nanjing institute of {2. and {3., CAS, nanjing 2.0008, china) nanjing institute of {2. and {3. CAS Nanjing China

Assessment of coastal vulnerability to future environmental change has been emphasized in coastal nations or regions. The Jiangsu coastal plain, located to the north of the Yangtze River Delta in china, is most vulnerable to sea level rise and exacerbating coastal hazards. This paper develops the method of delimiting vulnerable scope and assessing coastal vulnerability through field observations and sampling and by applying remote sensing and GIS, which are suitable for great river delta and coastal plains with large area, relative complex micro-geomorphology and the protection of seawall. Applying this method, the coastal vulnerability of the Jiangsu coastal plain to relative sea level rise (approximately 50 cm up to the year 2.50) and exacerbating storm surges have been assessed. The results show that, up to the year 2.50, the Jiangsu coastal plain will probably lose 12.8 % of tidal flats (about 5.8x104 hm2. and 7.9 % of cultivated land (about 7.2.104 hm2.. Meanwhile, 2.0 % of population, 3.8 % of original value of fixed assets, 3.2. of GDP (Gross Domestic Product), 40.3.% of salt industry and 5.8 % of aquiculture respectively will be affected due to coastal environmental change.

关键词： coastal vulnerability assessment vulnerable scope coastal environmental change Jiangsu coastal plain

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Application of ERS-1 scatterometer data to studying land surfaces ──Distributive characteristic of backscattering coefficient over china land surfaces

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chinese Science Bulletin 1998年第23期43卷 1950-1955页

作者： WANG Xiangyun 1, WANG Chao 2. GUO Huadong 2.and SHI Yangshen 1 1. Department of Earth Sciences, nanjing University, nanjing 2.009{2. china 2. {{2. of Remote Sensing Applications, chinese academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, china Department of Earth Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China Inst. of Remote Sensing Applications Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China

ERS 1 WSC data were obtained by international cooperation. The distributive characteristics of radar backscattering coefficient image of china land surface are analyzed and the research results are presented. The capability of ERS 1 WSC data for monitoring land surfaces is investigated. The results show that the radar backscattering coefficient images can reveal the natural landform features of china land. Using the WSC data can discriminate six types of major land coverage, including evergreen vegetation and snow covered region, vegetation and crops, mountains, grassland, desert and grassland, desert. On the whole, the radar backscattering coefficient image of china land is the synthesis of the vegetation map and terrain map. Statistical study of the typical terrain shows that the radar backscatter coefficients of china land range from -2. dB to -5 dB. The lowest value corresponds to the deserts of Badain Jaran, Takla Makan, and Tengger. The highest value corresponds to snow covered regions of Himalaya Mountains and Tianshan Mountains.

关键词： ERS 1 WSC radar backscattering coefficient land surfaces coverage.

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The δ^(18)O in the Guliya shallow ice core during the prevailing summer monsoons and sea-air interactions

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2001年第4期11卷 58-68页

作者： ZHANG Xin-ping1,2. Masayoshi Nakawo3. YAO Tan-dong4 (1. nanjing {2. of geography and {3., CAS, nanjing 2.0008, china 2. {2. of Territory and Environment Research, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, china 3. {2. for Hydro

The correlations of the d18Omax in the shallow ice core from the Guliya ice cap on the Tibetan Plateau with the global sea surface temperatures (SST) and height at the 500 hPa over the Northern Hemisphere were analyzed. The correlated regions on oceans that have a significant influence on the d18Omax in the Guliya ice core are all located in ocean currents, or convergent regions of currents. They are the eastern Equatorial Pacific, the Northern Pacific Current, the Hot Pool in the eastern Indian Ocean, the Mozambique Current, the Northern Atlantic Current, the Canary Current and the Atlantic Equatorial Current. The d18Omax in the Guliya ice core has negative correlations with the SST located in the lower latitudes, and positive correlations with the SST in the middle latitudes. The correlated areas at the 500 hPa that have a great impact on the d18Omax are located in the subtropical highs over the mid-low-latitude oceans and the long-wave trough area over Balkhash Lake, where there are marked negative correlations between the heights in those areas and the d18Omax. The influencing mechanism is displayed by the diversity of the vapor origins transported to the Guliya region. The strengths of the European ridge and the ridge over Baikal Lake have notable positive correlations with the d18Omax. The two systems indirectly influence the vapor transportation towards the Guliya region by the adjustment of long-wave trough and ridge.

关键词： the Tibetan Plateau the Guliya ice core δ18Omax SST circulation at 500 hPa correlation

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The Sustainable Utilization of Lake Resources in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River

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人民长江 2001年第S1期32卷 57-60页

作者： CAO Jian tingDoctor, College of Water Resources and Environment, Hohai University, nanjing 2.0098, china WANG Su minProfessor, nanjing {3. of geography and limnology, chinese academy of Sciences, nanjing 2.0008, china Doctor College of Water Researces and Environment Hohai University Professor Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences

Based on geographical and hydrological characteristics of lakes in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River, this paper analyzes the factors restricting the sustainable utilization of lake resources, including the conflict among agriculture water conservancy, and fishery, lake water pollution and eutrophication, lake siltation and swamping. The countermeasures and suggestions, such as improving the strategic status of lake harnessing, strengthening integrated management of lakes and their watershed, strengthening researches on lake environment and lake resources, are proposed to practice the sustainable utilization of lake resources.

关键词： lake resources harnessing integrated management middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River

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Boron isotopic fractionation in laboratory inorganic carbonate precipitation:Evidence for the incorpora-tion of B(OH)_3.into carbonate

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第12期51卷 1776-1785页

作者： XIAO YingKai1,2. LI HuaLing1,3. LIU WeiGuo4, WANG XiuFang1 & JIANG ShaoYong5 1 Qinghai institute of Salt Lakes, {2. academy of Sciences, Xining 810008,{3. 2.State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, institute of Geochemistry, {2. academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002.{3. 3.nanjing institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, nanjing 2.0016,{3. 4 State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, institute of Earth Environment, {2. academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710075,{3. 5 State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research, Department of Earth Sciences, nanjing University, nanjing 2.0093.{3. Qinghai institute of Salt Lakes Chinese Academy of Sciences Xining China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guiyang China nanjing institute of Geology and Mineral Resources Nanjing China State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology Institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xi’an China State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research Department of Earth Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing China

A laboratory inorganic carbonate precipitation experiment at high pH of 8.96 to 9.3. was conducted, and the boron isotopic fractionations of the precipitated carbonate were measured. The data show that boron isotopic fractionation factors (αcarb-3. between carbonate and B(OH)3.in seawater range 0.93. and 0.965, with an average value of 0.953. Our results together with those reported by Sanyal and collabo-rators show that the αcarb-3.values between carbonate and B(OH)3.in solution are not constant but are negatively correlated with the pH of seawater. The measured boron isotopic compositions of carbonate precipitation (δ11Bcarb) do not exactly lie on the best-fit theoretical δ 11B4-pH curves and neither do they exactly parallel any theoretical δ 11B4-pH curves. Therefore, it is reasonable to argue that a changeable proportion of B(OH)3.with pH of seawater should also be incorporated into carbonate except for the dominant incorporation of B(OH)4- in carbonate . Hence, in the reconstruction of the paleo-pH of sea-water from boron isotopes in marine biogenic carbonates, the use of theoretical boron isotopic frac-tionation factor (α4-3. between B(OH)4- and B(OH)3.is not suitable. Instead, an empirical equation should be established.

关键词： boron isotopic fractionation biogenic carbonate B(OH)3 incorporation

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Estimation of internal nutrient release in large shallow Lake Taihu, china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2006年第z1期49卷 38-50页

作者： QIN Boqiang, ZHU Guangwei, ZHANG Lu, LUO Liancong, GAO Guang & GU Binhe nanjing institute of {2. & {3., chinese academy of Sciences, nanjing 2.0008, china Everglades Department, South Florida Water Management District, 3.01 Gun Club Road, West Palm Beach, FL 3.406, USA nanjing institute of {2. & {3. Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing China Everglades Department South Florida Water Management District West Palm Beach USA

Based on field investigation of wave, sediment suspension and the changes in nutrient concentration of the water column in Lake Taihu, china, we proposed two release models to quantify nutrient release under static and dynamic conditions, respectively. Under static conditions, nutrient release from sediments to the overlying water mainly depends on chemical diffusion induced by concentration gradient, in which the nutrient release is controlled by the temperature, dissolved oxygen concentration in the sediment-water interface, oxidation-reduction potential and the concentration difference between porewater and overlying water. Under dynamic condition (or disturbed condition),both dissolved and particulate nutrients in sediments are released into the water column because of wind-induced sediment suspension. The amount of nutrient release under dynamic conditions is larger than that under the static condition. The release of dissolved nutrients, however, does not increase because the wind induced turbulence made oxidation of metallic elements such as Fe (ferric iron), Mn which are capable of precipitating soluble reactive phosphate (SRP). Under dynamic conditions, therefore, the release of total phosphorus (TP) increases dramatically but the release of SRP is close to those under static conditions. In sediments of Lake Taihu, high Fe content leads to a high ratio of Fe to P contents in sediments (Fe:P ratio). Under dynamic conditions, therefore, nutrient release is controlled by the intensity of disturbance, sediment consolidation and nutrient content in *** for dissolved nutrients, especially SRP, the release is also controlled by the intensity of dynamic re-oxidation, Fe content in sediments and nutrient concentration gradient between porewater and overlying water. Based on these two release modes, the release flux in Lake Taihu has been estimated. In the static condition (i.e. laboratory experimental condition), total release of NH4+-N for whole lake is ca

关键词： shallow lake, eutrophication, internal loading, sediment, nutrient, dynamic turbulence.

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