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Local and non-local sources of airborne particulate pollution at beijing——The ratio of Mg/Al as an element tracer for estimating the contributions of mineral aerosols from outside beijing

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Science china Chemistry 2005年第3期48卷 253-264页

作者： HAN Lihui1, ZHUANG Guoshun1,2,3. SUN Yele1 & WANG Zifa3.1. The Center for atmospheric Environmental Study, Department of Chemistry, beijing Normal University, beijing 100875,{3. 2. Center for atmospheric Chemistry Study, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 20043.,{3. 3. lapc/nzc, institute of atmospheric physics, cas, beijing 100029,{3. 1. The Center for atmospheric Environmental Study Department of Chemistry Beijing Normal University 100875 Beijing China 2. Center for atmospheric Chemistry Study Department of Environmental Science & Engineering Fudan University 200433 Shanghai China 3. institute of atmospheric physics CAS LAPC/NZC 100029 Beijing China

A new element tracer technique has firstly been established to estimate the contri-butions of mineral aerosols from both inside and outside beijing. The ratio of Mg/Al in aerosol is a feasible element tracer to distinguish between the sources of inside and outside beijing. Mineral aerosol, inorganic pollution aerosol mainly as sulfate and nitrate, and organic aerosol are the major components of airborne particulates in beijing, of which mineral aerosol accounted for 3.%―67% of total suspended particles （TSP）, 10%―70% of fine particles （PM2.5）, and as high as 74% and 90% of TSP and PM2.5, respectively, in dust storm. The sources from outside beijing contributed 62% （3.%―86%） of the total mineral aerosols in TSP, 69% （52%―90%） in PM10, and 76% （59%―93.） in PM2.5 in spring, and 69% （52%―83.）, 79% （52%―93.）, and 45% （7%―79%） in TSP, PM10, and PM2.5, respectively, in winter, while only20% in summer and autumn. The sources from outside beijing contributed as high as 97% during dust storm and were the dominant source of airborne particulates in beijing. The contributions from outside Bei-jing in spring and winter are higher than those in summer, indicating clearly that it was related to the various meteorological factors.

关键词： mineral aerosol local sources non-local sources dust storm re-suspended dust element tracer technique.

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2002:The extra-strong warm winter event in North Asia and its accompanying anomalous atmospheric circulation

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2003年第10期48卷 1031-1033页

作者： WANG Huijun LASG, institute of atmospheric physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100029, china LASG Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Science China

Features of an extra-strong warm winter event in North Asia in 2002 and its accompanying anomalous atmospheric circulation were studied through diagnosis on the atmospheric reanalysis data set. Results show that the winter of 2002 is of the warmest in the recent 54 years in North Asia, which was caused by both decadal scale and interannual scale variability. The interannual variability is proved to be as the main cause for the event, and it is related to the global scale atmospheric circulation anomalies, with the strongest of them in the Eastern Hemisphere and in the middle and high latitude region of the Southern Hemisphere.

关键词：大气环流亚洲北部高强度暖冬现象天气资料

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2003.vs 2002: A large amplitude wintertime temperature anomaly reversion event and its anomalous atmospheric circulation

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2003年第S2期48卷 1-4页

作者： WANG Huijun nzc/LASG, institute of Atmlspheric physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences,{3.. china Chinese Acad Sci Inst Atmospher Phys NZC LASG Beijing 100029 Peoples R China

It is revealed that there happened a large am-plitude wintertime temperature anomaly reversion event(LTAR) in Northern Hemisphere high latitude regions andSouth Australia for the year 2003.versus 2002, with the mostnotable change in Eurasia, eastern North America, NorthPacific, and South Australia. The accompanying atmosphericgeneral circulation anomalies are analyzed and the dominantchanges in the circulation arc found out. The anomalouscyclonic eddies over the north Pacific and the anomalousanticyclonic eddies over North Europe that cooperate eachother are mostly linked with the event. Both anomalous eddysystems are connected with the remote teleconnection pat-terns respectively. The research also suggests the existence ofa cross-equator teleconnection pattern, namely, the NorthernPacific-Western Pacific-Australia teleconnection pattern(NPWPA). It is not only related to LTAR, but also associatedwith the temperature transition from cold episode to warmepisode in the year 2003.versus 2002 during Decem-ber-January-February.

关键词： wintertime temperature anomaly reversion event atmospheric general circulation. NPWPA.

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The statistical characteristics of the atmospheric water over tropical western Pacific ' warm pool' during TOGA COARE IOP

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1997年第12期42卷 1005-1009页

作者： WEI Chong and XUAN Yuejianinstitute of atmospheric physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences,{3., china institute of atmospheric physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Fkijing China

THIS note gives the statistical analyses of continuous measurements with high time resolution(5 min)of atmospheric water(including precipitable water vapor,vertically path-integratedcloud liquid water content and rain intensity)over the tropical western Pacific at a fixed point(2°S,158°E)during TOGA COARE IOP(1992-11—1993.02).Some comparisons are madebetween these statistical results and those of the measurments obtained during previous meteo-

关键词： microwave remote sensing western Pacific ’ warm pool’ cloud liquid water water vapor tropical precipitation.

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Trend and seasonal variations of atmospheric CH_4 in beijing

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2000年第3期12卷 369-374页

作者： WANG Yue\|si, WANG Ming\|xing, LUO Dong\|mei, ZHENG Xun\|hua, ZHOU Li (institute of atmospheric physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences,{3., china) 中科院大气物理所北京 1 0 0 0 2

The atmospheric CH\-4 in beijing is still increasing, even though its increasing rate has significantly decreased from 1.76%/a during 1985—1989 to 0.50%/a during 1990—1997. The seasonal variation of CH\-4 concentration showed a double\|peak pattern, one peak appearing in winter and the other in summer. It is evident that the annually seasonal variations of atmospheric CH\-4 in beijing are different. From 1986 to 1997, the atmospheric CH\-4 increased by 185 ppbv, 3.% and 21% of which were due to the increase in winter and in summer, respectively. After 1993. the annually seasonal increasing rate of CH\-4 concentration in summer (due to emission from biogenic sources) is negative while the increasing rate in winter (due to emission from non\|biogenic sources) is positive about 25 ppbv/a. As a result, the increase of CH\-4 emission from non\|biogenic sources in winter is the major reason that caused the annually seasonal increasing rate from 1993.to 1997. The biogenic sources in beijing are shrinking while the non\|biogenic ones (such as fossil fuel combustion) are enlarging.

关键词： atmospheric CH\-4 increasing rate seasonal variation annually seasonal variation

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Improved ENSO simulation in regional coupled GCM using regressive correction method

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Science china Earth Sciences 2007年第8期50卷 1258-1265页

作者： FU WeiWei1 & ZHOU GuangQing2 1 Nansen-Zhu International Research Center (nzc), institute of atmospheric physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (cas),{3., china 2 State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (LASG), institute of At-mospheric physics, cas,{3., china 1. Nansen-Zhu International Research Center (nzc) Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100029 China 2. State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (LASG) Institute of Atmospheric Physics CAS Beijing 100029 China

A regressive correction method is presented with the primary goal of improving ENSO simulation in regional coupled GCM. It focuses on the correction of ocean-atmosphere exchanged fluxes. On the basis of numerical experiments and analysis, the method can be described as follows: first, driving the ocean model with heat and momentum flux computed from a long-term observation data set; the pro-duced SST is then applied to force the AGCM as its boundary condition; after that the AGCM’s simula-tion and the corresponding observation can be correlated by a linear regressive formula. Thus the re-gressive correction coefficients for the simulation with spatial and temporal variation could be obtained by linear fitting. Finally the coefficients are applied to redressing the variables used for the calculation of the exchanged air-sea flux in the coupled model when it starts integration. This method together with the anomaly coupling method is tested in a regional coupled model, which is composed of a global grid-point atmospheric general circulation model and a high-resolution tropical Pacific Ocean model. The comparison of the results shows that it is superior to the anomaly coupling both in reducing the coupled model ‘climate drift’ and in improving the ENSO simulation in the tropical Pacific Ocean.

关键词： anomaly coupling regressive correction method regional coupled model ENSO simulation

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The mechanism of the effects of the upwelling mean on the ENSO event mature phase locking

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Science china Earth Sciences 2007年第8期50卷 1266-1272页

作者： YAN BangLiang CMSR, institute of atmospheric physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100029, china 1. CMSR Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China

The mechanism of the effects of the upwelling mean on the ENSO event mature phase locking is ex-amined by using a mixed-mode model. The results show that the positive feedback process of the ef-fects of the seasonal variation of the upwelling mean on the Kelvin wave is the mechanism of the locking of the event mature phase to the end of the calendar year. The memory of the Rossby waves for the sign-shifting of the sea surface temperature anomaly from positive to negative 6 months before the cold peak time is the other mechanism of the locking of the La Nia event mature phase to the end of the calendar year. The results here are different from previous ones which suggest that the balance between cold and warm trends of sea surface temperature anomaly is the mechanism involved. The cold trend is caused by the upwelling Kelvin wave from upwelling Rossby wave reflected at the western boundary, excited by the westerly anomaly stress over the central Pacific and amplified by the seasonal variation of the coupled strength in its way propagating westward. The warm trend is caused by the Kelvin wave forced by the western wind stress over the middle and eastern equatorial Pacific. The cause of the differences is due to the opposite phase of the seasonal variation of the upwelling mean to that in the observation and an improper parameterization scheme for the effects of the seasonal varia-tion of the upwelling mean on the ENSO cycle in previous studies.

关键词： Kelvin wave Rossby wave interaction between atmosphere and sea positive feedback

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Computational stability of the forced dissipative nonlinear atmospheric equations

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1999年第10期44卷 949-952页

作者： LI Jianping and CHOU Jifan LASG , institute of atmospheric physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , beijing 100080, china Department of {3. Sciences , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 73.000, china beijing Meteorological College, beijing 100081, china LASG Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Department of atmospheric Sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou China beijing Meteorological College Beijing China

A new concept of computational quasi-stability (CQS) is introduced to study the computational stability (CS) of the forced dissipative nonlinear (FDN) evolution equations. Based on the concept, the CQS criterion of difference scheme of FDN atmospheric equations is obtained. So it provides the theoretical basis for designing the computational stable difference scheme of FDN atmospheric equations.

关键词： computational stability (CS) computational quasi-stability (CQS) operator equation difference scheme forced dissipative nonlinear (FDN) equations.

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Inorganic chemical composition and source signature of PM2.5 in beijing during ACE-Asia period

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Science Bulletin 2003年第10期48卷 1002-1005页

作者： ZHANG Renjian, XU Yongfu & HAN Zhiwei lapc, institute of atmospheric physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100029,{3. lapc Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China

Aerosol samples for PM2.5 were collected in beijing for 3. consecutive days from March to April 2001 using an IMPROVE Sampler. Concentrations of 20 elements in PM2.5 were determined using a PIXE method. Results show that the average mineral dust concentration of PM2.5 was 14.6 mg/m3.during the observation period. On the sand-dust event days of March 21 and April 10, dust PM2.5 mass concentrations were 62.4 and 54.1 mg/m3. respectively. These demonstrate that fine particle pollution by dust event in beijing was very severe. The enrichment factors of S and Cu reached minimums on the dusty days and were high on the non-dusty days. It is considered that enrichment factors of elements in PM2.5, which are associated with human activities, can probably provide an effective method to distinguish local sources from external sources of dust. Factor analysis on the chemical composition in PM2.5 shows that sources of crustal matters, anthropogenic emission, and oil combustion contributed to PM2.5 levels in air in the springtime of 2001 in beijing.

关键词： dust ACE-Asia PM2.5 chemical composition source apportionment.

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Influence of atmospheric heat sources over the Tibetan Plateau and the tropical western North Pacific on the inter-decadal variations of the stratosphere-troposphere exchange of water vapor

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第8期51卷 1179-1193页

作者： ZHAN RuiFen1,2&LI JianPing2 1Shanghai Typhoon institute of china Meteorological Administration,Shanghai 20003.,china 2State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for {3. Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics(LASG),institute of {3. physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,beijing 100029,china 1. Shanghai Typhoon institute of china Meteorological Administration Shanghai 200030 China 2. State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (LASG) Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China

This study investigates the Stratosphere-Troposphere Exchange(STE) of water vapor,emphasizes its interdecadal variations over Asia in boreal summer,and discusses the influences of atmospheric heat sources over the Tibetan Plateau and the tropical western North Pacific(WNP) on them by using the Wei method with reanalysis data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF) for the years of *** climatology shows that the upward transport of water vapor across the tropopause in boreal summer is the most robust over the joining area of the South Asian Peninsula and Indian-Pacific Oceans(defined as AIPO).The upward transport over there can persistently convey the abundant water vapor into the stratosphere and then influence the distribution and variation of the stratospheric water *** analysis shows that interdecadal variations of the water vapor exchange over the AIPO are significant,and its abrupt change occurred in the mid-1970s and the early *** these three periods,as important channels of the water vapor exchange,the effect of Bay of Bengal-East Asia as well as South china Sea was gradually weakening,while the role of the WNP becomes more and more *** studies show that atmospheric heat sources over the Tibetan Plateau and the WNP are two main factors in determining the interdecadal variations of water vapor *** thermal influences over the Tibetan Plateau and the WNP have been greatly adjusted over the pass 44 *** synthesis influences the interdecadal variations of the water vapor exchange by changing the Asian summer monsoon,but their roles vary with time and *** after 1992,the influence of heat source over the Tibetan Plateau remarkably weakens,while the heat source over the WNP dominates the across-tropopause water vapor *** have important implications for understanding the transport of other components in the atmosphere and estimating the impact of human activities(

关键词： Tibetan Plateau tropical western North Pacific atmospheric heat source STE inter-decadal variations

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