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Speciation of the elements and compositions on the surfaces of dust storm particles:The evidence for the coupling of iron with sulfur in aerosol during the long-range transport

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chinese Science Bulletin 2005年第8期50卷 738-744页

作者： ZHANG Xingying1,2, ZHUANG Guoshun1,2,3. CHEN Jianmin2 & XUE Huaxin2 1. Center for atmospheric Environment Study, Department of Chemistry, beijing Normal University, beijing 100875,{3. 2. Center for atmospheric Chemistry Study, Department of Environ- mental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 20043.,{3. 3. lapc/nzc, institute of atmospheric physics, nzc/lapc, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 10002.,{3. Center for atmospheric Environment Study Department of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China Center for atmospheric Chemistry Study Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China lapc/nzc Institute of Atmospheric Physics NZC/LAPC Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China

The speciation of the elements on the surface of the particles collected during dust storm and non-dust storm in beijing and Inner Mongolia was studied by XPS. The ma- jor species of iron on the surface were oxides, sulfate, silicate, FeOOH and minor part sorbed on SiO2/Al2O3. Sulfate is the dominant species of sulfur on the surface. SiO2 and Al2O3.are the main components of Si and Al on the surface respectively. One of the most important findings was that the Fe(II) (FeS and FeSO4) produced could account for up to 44.3. and 45.6% of the total Fe on the surface in the aerosol sample collected at that night and next day of the “peak” time of the dust storm occurring on March 20, 2002, while Fe2(SO4)3. one of the Fe(III) species on the surface decreased from 67.1% to 49.5% and 48.0% respectively. Both S and Fe en- riched on the surface of aerosol particles. Fe(II) accounted for 1.3.?5.3. of total Fe in bulk aerosol samples during dust storm. These results provided strong evidence to sup- port the hypothesis of the coupling between iron and sulfur in aerosols during the long-range transport, which would have important impact on the global biogeochemical cycle.

关键词：物种形成原理 XPS 大气悬浮物 Fe-S结合粒子集合

On the parameterization scheme of gravity wave drag effect on the mean zonal flow of mesosphere

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chinese Science Bulletin 2003年第10期48卷 1020-1023页

作者： GAO Shouting & RAN Lingkun State Key Laboratory of Atmosphere physics and Chemistry (lapc), institute of atmospheric physics,{3., beijing 10002., china State Key Laboratory of Atmosphere physics and Chemistry (lapc) Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences China

Based on McFarlane抯 parameterization scheme of gravity wave drag, a refined gravity-wave-drag scheme is presented. Both the drag effect of the momentum flux and the dissipation effect of gravity wave breaking on the mean zonal flow are included in the refined parameterization scheme. The dissipation effect can be formulated with the gravity wave numbers and the mean quantities. The refined parameterization scheme may represent a complete drag effect of stationary gravity wave breaking on the mean zonal flow.

关键词：参数化法重力波阻纬向气流中间层大气动力学

The mechanism of the effects of the upwelling mean on the ENSO event mature phase locking

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Science china Earth sciences 2007年第8期50卷 1266-1272页

作者： YAN BangLiang CMSR, institute of atmospheric physics, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 10002.,{3. 1. CMSR Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China

The mechanism of the effects of the upwelling mean on the ENSO event mature phase locking is ex-amined by using a mixed-mode model. The results show that the positive feedback process of the ef-fects of the seasonal variation of the upwelling mean on the Kelvin wave is the mechanism of the locking of the event mature phase to the end of the calendar year. The memory of the Rossby waves for the sign-shifting of the sea surface temperature anomaly from positive to negative 6 months before the cold peak time is the other mechanism of the locking of the La Nia event mature phase to the end of the calendar year. The results here are different from previous ones which suggest that the balance between cold and warm trends of sea surface temperature anomaly is the mechanism involved. The cold trend is caused by the upwelling Kelvin wave from upwelling Rossby wave reflected at the western boundary, excited by the westerly anomaly stress over the central Pacific and amplified by the seasonal variation of the coupled strength in its way propagating westward. The warm trend is caused by the Kelvin wave forced by the western wind stress over the middle and eastern equatorial Pacific. The cause of the differences is due to the opposite phase of the seasonal variation of the upwelling mean to that in the observation and an improper parameterization scheme for the effects of the seasonal varia-tion of the upwelling mean on the ENSO cycle in previous studies.

关键词： Kelvin wave Rossby wave interaction between atmosphere and sea positive feedback

2003.vs 2002: A large amplitude wintertime temperature anomaly reversion event and its anomalous atmospheric circulation

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chinese Science Bulletin 2003年第S2期48卷 1-4页

作者： WANG Huijun nzc/LASG, institute of Atmlspheric physics,{3., beijing 10002.. china chinese Acad Sci Inst Atmospher Phys NZC LASG Beijing 100029 Peoples R China

It is revealed that there happened a large am-plitude wintertime temperature anomaly reversion event(LTAR) in Northern Hemisphere high latitude regions andSouth Australia for the year 2003.versus 2002, with the mostnotable change in Eurasia, eastern North America, NorthPacific, and South Australia. The accompanying atmosphericgeneral circulation anomalies are analyzed and the dominantchanges in the circulation arc found out. The anomalouscyclonic eddies over the north Pacific and the anomalousanticyclonic eddies over North Europe that cooperate eachother are mostly linked with the event. Both anomalous eddysystems are connected with the remote teleconnection pat-terns respectively. The research also suggests the existence ofa cross-equator teleconnection pattern, namely, the NorthernPacific-Western Pacific-Australia teleconnection pattern(NPWPA). It is not only related to LTAR, but also associatedwith the temperature transition from cold episode to warmepisode in the year 2003.versus 2002 during Decem-ber-January-February.

关键词： wintertime temperature anomaly reversion event atmospheric general circulation. NPWPA.

Linear relationship between the interdecadal and interannual variabilities of North china rainfall in rainy season

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chinese Science Bulletin 2003年第10期48卷 1040-1044页

作者： LU Riyu institute of atmospheric physics, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100080,{3. institute of atmospheric physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China

Interdecadal and interannual timescales are dominant in the North china rainfall in rainy season (July and August). On the interdecadal timescale, the North china rainfall exhibited an abrupt decrease at the end of 1970s. In this study, we examined the effect of this abrupt rainfall decrease on the association between rainfall and circulation on the interannual timescale, and found that the interdecadal variation does not change the physical mechanism responsible for the interannual variation of North china rainfall. There is a linear relationship between the interdecadal and interannual variabilities of North china rainfall in rainy season.

关键词：线性关系中国北部降雨量大气环流

Simulation of the future change of East Asian monsoon climate using the IPCC SRES A2 and B2 scenarios

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chinese Science Bulletin 2003年第10期48卷 1024-1030页

作者： BUEH Cholaw LASG, institute of atmospheric physics, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 10002.,{3. LASG Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences China

In this paper, we applied the newest emission scenarios of the sulfur and greenhouse gases, i.e. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Special Report on Emission Scenarios (SRES) A2 and B2 scenarios, to investigating the change of the East Asian climate in the last three decades of the 21st century with an atmosphere-ocean coupled general circulation model. The global warming enlarges the land-sea thermal contrast and, hence, enhances (reduces) the East Asian summer (winter) monsoon circulation. The precipitation from the Yangtze and Huaihe river valley to North china increases significantly. In particular, the strong rainfall increase over North china implies that the East Asian rainy area would expand northward. In addition, from the southeastern coastal area to North china, the rainfall would increase significantly in September, implying that the rainy period of the East Asian monsoon would be prolonged about one month. In July, August and September, the interannual variability of the precipitation enhances evidently over North china, meaning a risk of flooding in the future.

关键词：模拟亚洲东方季风气侯变化大气循环模型

Adjoint method for the optimum planning of industrial pollutant sources

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Science china Earth sciences 2005年第8期48卷 1270-1279页

作者： LIU Feng1,2, HU Fei2 & ZHU Jiang2 1. College of Environmental sciences, Peking University, beijing 100871, china 2. {3., institute of atmospheric physics, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 10002., china 1. College of Environmental sciences Peking University 100871 Beijing China 2. lapc Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences 100029 Beijing China

The optimum planning of industrial pollutant sources, which optimizes the economic object without violating environmental constraints, is an important and hard task to be conquered. In this paper, an adjoint method is developed to solve the problem. The penalty function is in-troduced to deal with the environmental inequality constraints, and Lagrange function is con-structed to derive the adjoint equation and the gradient of the object function. In this means, the gradient of the object function can be calculated by solving the adjoint equation, and the infor-mation from the gradient is used to make the object function descend and approach to an optimal solution after some iterations. A two-dimensional, simplified model is used for numerical experi-ments. The theoretical derivations are verified by the results of the experiments. Furthermore, the adjoint method is shown to be of excellent convergence and efficiency, which is adaptive to the fast development of air quality numerical models and super computers.

关键词： optimum planning, industrial pollutant sources, adjoint equation, penalty function, gradient.

Local and non-local sources of airborne particulate pollution at beijing——The ratio of Mg/Al as an element tracer for estimating the contributions of mineral aerosols from outside beijing

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Science china Chemistry 2005年第3期48卷 253-264页

作者： HAN Lihui1, ZHUANG Guoshun1,2,3. SUN Yele1 & WANG Zifa3.1. The Center for atmospheric Environmental Study, Department of Chemistry, beijing Normal University, beijing 100875,{3. 2. Center for atmospheric Chemistry Study, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 20043.,{3. 3. lapc/nzc, institute of atmospheric physics, CAS, beijing 10002.,{3. 1. The Center for atmospheric Environmental Study Department of Chemistry Beijing Normal University 100875 Beijing China 2. Center for atmospheric Chemistry Study Department of Environmental Science & Engineering Fudan University 200433 Shanghai China 3. institute of atmospheric physics CAS LAPC/NZC 100029 Beijing China

A new element tracer technique has firstly been established to estimate the contri-butions of mineral aerosols from both inside and outside beijing. The ratio of Mg/Al in aerosol is a feasible element tracer to distinguish between the sources of inside and outside beijing. Mineral aerosol, inorganic pollution aerosol mainly as sulfate and nitrate, and organic aerosol are the major components of airborne particulates in beijing, of which mineral aerosol accounted for 3.%―67% of total suspended particles （TSP）, 10%―70% of fine particles （PM2.5）, and as high as 74% and 90% of TSP and PM2.5, respectively, in dust storm. The sources from outside beijing contributed 62% （3.%―86%） of the total mineral aerosols in TSP, 69% （52%―90%） in PM10, and 76% （59%―93.） in PM2.5 in spring, and 69% （52%―83.）, 79% （52%―93.）, and 45% （7%―79%） in TSP, PM10, and PM2.5, respectively, in winter, while only20% in summer and autumn. The sources from outside beijing contributed as high as 97% during dust storm and were the dominant source of airborne particulates in beijing. The contributions from outside Bei-jing in spring and winter are higher than those in summer, indicating clearly that it was related to the various meteorological factors.

关键词： mineral aerosol local sources non-local sources dust storm re-suspended dust element tracer technique.

An improved δ-Eddington approximation

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chinese Science Bulletin 1999年第4期44卷 304-309页

作者： QIU Jinhuaninstitute of atmospheric physics ,{3. , beijing 10002., china institute of atmospheric physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

Based on an accuracy analysis of two-stream approximations, an improved δ-Eddington ap-proximation is developed. The approximation has much better accuracy than all exiting two-stream ap-proximations as the optical depth is less than unity. As the surface reflectance is zero and the opticaldepth is less than unity, errors in both transmission and reflection calculated by the present approxima-tion are more one time less than those by other two-stream approximations. In the case of aerosol opti-cal depth of3.5% and 2.6%, respectively. The errors are over 41% and one times lessthan those by Eddington or δ-Eddington.

关键词： radiation flux fractional factor of δ-function Eddington approximation.