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Local and non-local sources of airborne particulate pollution at Beijing——The ratio of Mg/Al as an element tracer for estimating the contributions of mineral aerosols from outside Beijing

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Science china Chemistry 2005年第3期48卷 253-264页

作者： HAN Lihui1, ZHUANG Guoshun1,2,3. SUN Yele1 & WANG Zifa3.1. The Center for atmospheric Environmental Study, Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, china 2. Center for atmospheric Chemistry Study, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 20043., china 3. lapc/nzc, institute of atmospheric physics, cas, Beijing 1.002., china The Center for atmospheric Environmental Study Department of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing China Center for atmospheric Chemistry Study Department of Environmental Science & Engineering Fudan University Shanghai China institute of {1. physics CAS LAPC/NZC Beijing China

A new element tracer technique has firstly been established to estimate the contri-butions of mineral aerosols from both inside and outside Beijing. The ratio of Mg/Al in aerosol is a feasible element tracer to distinguish between the sources of inside and outside Beijing. Mineral aerosol, inorganic pollution aerosol mainly as sulfate and nitrate, and organic aerosol are the major components of airborne particulates in Beijing, of which mineral aerosol accounted for 3.%―67% of total suspended particles （TSP）, 1.%―70% of fine particles （PM2.5）, and as high as 74% and 90% of TSP and PM2.5, respectively, in dust storm. The sources from outside Beijing contributed 62% （3.%―86%） of the total mineral aerosols in TSP, 69% （52%―90%） in PM1., and 76% （59%―93.） in PM2.5 in spring, and 69% （52%―83.）, 79% （52%―93.）, and 45% （7%―79%） in TSP, PM1., and PM2.5, respectively, in winter, while only20% in summer and autumn. The sources from outside Beijing contributed as high as 97% during dust storm and were the dominant source of airborne particulates in Beijing. The contributions from outside Bei-jing in spring and winter are higher than those in summer, indicating clearly that it was related to the various meteorological factors.

关键词： mineral aerosol local sources non-local sources dust storm re-suspended dust element tracer technique.

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Nonlinear local Lyapunov exponent and atmospheric predictability research

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Science china Earth Sciences 2006年第10期49卷 1111-1120页

作者： CHEN Baohua1. LI Jianping1.2 & DING Ruiqiang2 1. College of atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 7{1.000, china 2. State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for atmospheric Science and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (LASG),{{1., Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 1.002., china College of atmospheric Sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou China State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for atmospheric Science and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (LASG) Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

Because atmosphere itself is a nonlinear system and there exist some problems using the linearized equations to study the initial error growth, in this paper we try to use the error nonlinear growth theory to discuss its evolution, based on which we first put forward a new concept: nonlinear local Lyapunov exponent. It is quite different from the classic Lyapunov exponent because it may characterize the finite time error local average growth and its value depends on the initial condition, initial error, variables, evolution time, temporal and spatial scales. Based on its definition and the at-mospheric features, we provide a reasonable algorithm to the exponent for the experimental data, obtain the atmospheric initial error growth in finite time and gain the maximal prediction time. Lastly, taking 500 hPa height field as example, we discuss the application of the nonlinear local Lyapunov exponent in the study of atmospheric predictability and get some reliable results: atmospheric predictability has a distinct spatial structure. Overall, predictability shows a zonal distribution. Prediction time achieves the maximum over tropics, the second near the regions of Antarctic, it is also longer next to the Arctic and in subtropics and the mid-latitude the predictability is lowest. Particularly speaking, the average prediction time near the equation is 1. days and the maximum is located in the tropical Indian, Indonesia and the neighborhood, tropical eastern Pacific Ocean, on these regions the prediction time is about two weeks. Antarctic has a higher predictability than the neighboring latitudes and the prediction time is about 9 days. This feature is more obvious on Southern Hemispheric summer. In Arctic, the predictability is also higher than the one over mid-high latitudes but it is not pronounced as in Antarctic. Mid-high latitude of both Hemispheres (3.°S―60°S, 3.°―60°N) have the lowest predictability and the mean prediction time is just 3.4 d. In addition, predictab

关键词： nonlinear, local, Lyapunov exponent, atmospheric predictability, maximal prediction time.

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Speciation of the elements and compositions on the surfaces of dust storm particles:The evidence for the coupling of iron with sulfur in aerosol during the long-range transport

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2005年第8期50卷 738-744页

作者： ZHANG Xingying1,2, ZHUANG Guoshun1,2,3. CHEN Jianmin2 & XUE Huaxin2 1. Center for atmospheric Environment Study, Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, china 2. Center for atmospheric Chemistry Study, Department of Environ- mental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 20043., china 3. lapc/nzc, institute of atmospheric physics, nzc/lapc, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 1.002., china Center for atmospheric Environment Study Department of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China Center for atmospheric Chemistry Study Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China lapc/{1. Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China

The speciation of the elements on the surface of the particles collected during dust storm and non-dust storm in Beijing and Inner Mongolia was studied by XPS. The ma- jor species of iron on the surface were oxides, sulfate, silicate, FeOOH and minor part sorbed on SiO2/Al2O3. Sulfate is the dominant species of sulfur on the surface. SiO2 and Al2O3.are the main components of Si and Al on the surface respectively. One of the most important findings was that the Fe(II) (FeS and FeSO4) produced could account for up to 44.3. and 45.6% of the total Fe on the surface in the aerosol sample collected at that night and next day of the “peak” time of the dust storm occurring on March 20, 2002, while Fe2(SO4)3. one of the Fe(III) species on the surface decreased from 67.1. to 49.5% and 48.0% respectively. Both S and Fe en- riched on the surface of aerosol particles. Fe(II) accounted for 1.3.?5.3. of total Fe in bulk aerosol samples during dust storm. These results provided strong evidence to sup- port the hypothesis of the coupling between iron and sulfur in aerosols during the long-range transport, which would have important impact on the global biogeochemical cycle.

关键词：物种形成原理 XPS 大气悬浮物 Fe-S结合粒子集合

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Improved ENSO simulation in regional coupled GCM using regressive correction method

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Science china Earth Sciences 2007年第8期50卷 1258-1265页

作者： FU WeiWei1.& ZHOU GuangQing2 1.Nansen-Zhu International Research Center (nzc),{1., Chinese Academy of Sciences (cas), Beijing {3., china 2 State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (LASG), institute of At-mospheric physics, cas, Beijing {3., china Nansen-Zhu International Research Center (nzc) Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing China State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (LASG) Institute of Atmospheric Physics CAS Beijing China

A regressive correction method is presented with the primary goal of improving ENSO simulation in regional coupled GCM. It focuses on the correction of ocean-atmosphere exchanged fluxes. On the basis of numerical experiments and analysis, the method can be described as follows: first, driving the ocean model with heat and momentum flux computed from a long-term observation data set; the pro-duced SST is then applied to force the AGCM as its boundary condition; after that the AGCM’s simula-tion and the corresponding observation can be correlated by a linear regressive formula. Thus the re-gressive correction coefficients for the simulation with spatial and temporal variation could be obtained by linear fitting. Finally the coefficients are applied to redressing the variables used for the calculation of the exchanged air-sea flux in the coupled model when it starts integration. This method together with the anomaly coupling method is tested in a regional coupled model, which is composed of a global grid-point atmospheric general circulation model and a high-resolution tropical Pacific Ocean model. The comparison of the results shows that it is superior to the anomaly coupling both in reducing the coupled model ‘climate drift’ and in improving the ENSO simulation in the tropical Pacific Ocean.

关键词： anomaly coupling regressive correction method regional coupled model ENSO simulation

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Influence of atmospheric heat sources over the Tibetan Plateau and the tropical western North Pacific on the inter-decadal variations of the stratosphere-troposphere exchange of water vapor

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第8期51卷 1179-1193页

作者： ZHAN RuiFen1.2&LI JianPing2 1.hanghai Typhoon institute of{1. Meteorological Administration,Shanghai 20003.,china 2State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for {3. Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics(LASG),institute of {3. physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 1.002.,china Shanghai Typhoon institute of{1. Meteorological Administration Shanghai China State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (LASG) Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

This study investigates the Stratosphere-Troposphere Exchange(STE) of water vapor,emphasizes its interdecadal variations over Asia in boreal summer,and discusses the influences of atmospheric heat sources over the Tibetan Plateau and the tropical western North Pacific(WNP) on them by using the Wei method with reanalysis data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Fore{1.ts(ECMWF) for the years of *** climatology shows that the upward transport of water vapor across the tropopause in boreal summer is the most robust over the joining area of the South Asian Peninsula and Indian-Pacific Oceans(defined as AIPO).The upward transport over there can persistently convey the abundant water vapor into the stratosphere and then influence the distribution and variation of the stratospheric water *** analysis shows that interdecadal variations of the water vapor exchange over the AIPO are significant,and its abrupt change occurred in the mid-1.70s and the early *** these three periods,as important channels of the water vapor exchange,the effect of Bay of Bengal-East Asia as well as South china Sea was gradually weakening,while the role of the WNP becomes more and more *** studies show that atmospheric heat sources over the Tibetan Plateau and the WNP are two main factors in determining the interdecadal variations of water vapor *** thermal influences over the Tibetan Plateau and the WNP have been greatly adjusted over the pass 44 *** synthesis influences the interdecadal variations of the water vapor exchange by changing the Asian summer monsoon,but their roles vary with time and *** after 1.92,the influence of heat source over the Tibetan Plateau remarkably weakens,while the heat source over the WNP dominates the across-tropopause water vapor *** have important implications for understanding the transport of other components in the atmosphere and estimating the impact of human activities(

关键词： Tibetan Plateau tropical western North Pacific atmospheric heat source STE inter-decadal variations

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Existence of the solutions and the attractors for the large-scale atmospheric equations

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Science china Earth Sciences 2006年第6期49卷 650-660页

作者： HUANG Haiyang1.& GUO Boling2 1. Department of Mathematics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 1.0875, china 2. {1. of Applied physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 1.0080, china Department of Mathematics Beijing Normal University Beijing China institute of Applied {1. and Computational Mathematics Beijing China

In this paper, firstly, the proper function space is chosen, and the proper expression of the operators is introduced such that the complex large-scale atmospheric motion equations can be described by a simple and abstract equation, by which the definition of the weak solution of the atmospheric equations is made. Secondly, the existence of the weak solution for the atmospheric equations and the steady state equations is proved by using the Galerkin method. The existence of the non-empty global attractors for the atmospheric equations in the sense of the Chepyzhov-Vishik’s definition is obtained by constructing a trajectory attractor set of the atmospheric motion equations. The result obtained here is the foundation for studying the topological structure and the dynamical behavior of the atmosphere attractors. Moreover, the methods used here are also valid for studying the other atmospheric motion models.

关键词： atmosphere equations, weak solution, trajectory attractor, global attractor, equilibrium.

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2002:The extra-strong warm winter event in North Asia and its accompanying anomalous atmospheric circulation

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2003年第10期48卷 1031-1033页

作者： WANG Huijun LASG, institute of atmospheric physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing {1., china LASG Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China

Features of an extra-strong warm winter event in North Asia in 2002 and its accompanying anomalous atmospheric circulation were studied through diagnosis on the atmospheric reanalysis data set. Results show that the winter of 2002 is of the warmest in the recent 54 years in North Asia, which was caused by both decadal scale and interannual scale variability. The interannual variability is proved to be as the main cause for the event, and it is related to the global scale atmospheric circulation anomalies, with the strongest of them in the Eastern Hemisphere and in the middle and high latitude region of the Southern Hemisphere.

关键词：大气环流亚洲北部高强度暖冬现象天气资料

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Interannual variability of Antarctic Oscillation and its influence on East Asian climate during boreal winter and spring

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Science china Earth Sciences 2006年第5期49卷 554-560页

作者： FAN Ke1.2,3.& WANG Huijun2 1. Nansen-Zhu International Research Center,{1., Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 1.002., china 2. Department of {3. Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091. china 3. Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 1.0049, china Nansen-Zhu International Research Center Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Department of atmospheric Science Yunnan University Kunming China Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

The interannual variability of Antarctic Oscillation (AAO) and its influence on East Asian climate during both boreal winter and spring are addressed. The results show that the positive AAO anomaly decreases the cold activity over East Asia during both boreal winter and spring. AAO-related barotropic meridional teleconnection from Antarctic to Arctic is found through analysis of mean me- ridional circulations. This meridional teleconnection is remarkable over Eurasia during boreal winter and over the Pacific Ocean during boreal spring. The results also show that zonal mean zonal wind at high latitudes in Southern Hemisphere has well positive correlation with that of Eurasia during boreal winter and has negative correlation with Pacific North American teleconnection (PNA) during boreal spring, which again display the meridional teleconnection. Thus, local meridional teleconnection is a possible linkage for interaction of circulations at mid-high latitudes between both hemispheres.

关键词： Antarctic Oscillation, Eurasian west wind, meridional teleconnection, mean meridional circulation.

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Hierarchical structures in climate and atmospheric turbulence

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2002年第10期 29-34页

作者： SHE Zhensu, FU Zuntao, CHEN Jiong, LIANG Shuang and LIU Shida(1. State Key Laboratory for Studies of Turbulence and Complex Systems, Department of Mechanics and Engineering Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 1.0871. china 2. School of {1., Peking University, Beijing 1.0871. china 3. {3., institute of atmospheric physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 1.002., china) State Key Laboratory for Studies of Turbulence and Complex Systems，Department of Mechanics and Engineering Sciences，Peking University，Beijing 1.0871.china lapc，{1. of atmospheric {3.，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Beijing 1.002.，china School of physics，Peking University，Beijing 1.0871.{1. State Key Laboratory for Studies of Turbulence and Complex Systems，Department of Mechanics and Engineering Sciences，Peking University，Beijing 1.0871.china School of physics，Peking University，Beijing 1.0871.{1.

The climatic time series encompass many time scales, forming multi-scale climatic variations and hierarchies. The periods and magnitudes of cooling or warming, especially for extreme climatic events, vary with the time scales. On the other hand, high-frequency atmospheric turbulent motions, which are certainly related to the climatic changes, are also typical multi-scale phenomena. In this paper, certain properties of the fluctuations are examined that are invariant with the change of the time scales. Specifically, the existence of a statistical similarity law is demonstrated in climatic time series and in atmospheric turbulent motions. This is the hierarchical similarity law. Further analyses show that the hierarchical similarity law is a general property of multi-scale fluctuation systems. Therefore, the study on the hierarchical similarity law is important for understanding the inherent universal physical mechanism of complex systems in the atmospheric motions.

关键词： climate multi-scale hierarchical structure atmospheric turbulence.

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Global analysis theory of climate system and its applications

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2003年第10期48卷 1034-1039页

作者： LI Jianping1.2 & CHOU Jifan2,3.1. LASG,{1., Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 1.002., china 2. Department of {3. Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 73.000, china 3. Training Center for china Meteorological Administration, Beijing 1.0081. china LASG Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China Department of atmospheric Sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China Training Center for china Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081 China

The idea and main theoretical results of the global analysis theory of climate system are briefly summarized in this paper. A theorem on the global behavior of climate system is given, i.e. there exists a global attractor in the dynamical equations of climate, any state of climate system will be evolved into the global attractor as time increases, indicating the nonlinear adjustment process of climate system to external forcing. The different effects of external forcing, dissipation and nonlinearity on the long-term behavior of solutions are pointed out, and some main applications of the global analysis theory are also introduced. Especially, three applications, the adjustment and evolution processes of climate, the principle of numerical model design and the optimally numerical integration, are discussed.

关键词：整体分析理论气侯体系应用不定性计算法则气侯科学数字模型

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