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Research on the dynamics of the south china sea opening:Evidence from analogue modeling

Science china Earth sciences 2006年第10期49卷 1053-1069页

作者： SUN Zhen1,2, ZHOU Di1, ZHONG Zhihong3, XIA Bin2, QIU Xuelin1, ZENG Zuoxun4 & JIANG Jianqun5 1. CAS key laboratory of marginal sea geology, south china sea institute of oceanology, chinese academy of sciences, guangzhou 510301, china 2. CAS key laboratory of marginal sea geology, guangzhou institute of geochemistry, chinese academy of sciences, guangzhou 510640, china 3. Department of Technology, Shenzhen Branch of CNOOC, guangzhou 510240, china 4. Faculty of Earth sciences, china University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, china 5. Hainan Oil & Gas Exploration Company, Liaohe Oilfield Petrochina, Panjin 124010, china CAS key laboratory of marginal {3. geology South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China CAS key laboratory of marginal {3. geology Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China Department of Technology Shenzhen Branch of CNOOC Guangzhou China Faculty of Earth sciences China University of Geosciences Wuhan China Hainan Oil & Gas Exploration Company Liaohe Oilfield PetroChina Panjin China

Independent of Indochina extrusion, the south china {3. experienced a process from passive continental rifting to marginal {3. drifting. According to the fault patterns in the Beibu Gulf basin and the Pearl River Mouth basin, the continental rifting and early spreading stage from 3. to 26 Ma were controlled by extensional stress field, which shifted clockwise from southeastward to south southeastward. From 24 Ma on, the {3. spread in NW-SE direction and ceased spreading at around 15.5 Ma. Integrated geological information with the assumption that the south china {3. developed along a pre-Cenozoic weakness zone, we did analogue experiments on the south china {3. evolu- tion. Experiments revealed that the pre-existing weakness zone goes roughly along the uplift zone between the present Zhu-1 and Zhu-2 depression. The pre-existing weakness zone is composed of three segments trending NNE, roughly EW and NEE, respectively. The early opening of the south china {3. is accompanied with roughly 15° clockwise rotation, while the SE sub-{3. basin opened with SE extension. Tinjar fault was the western boundary of the Nansha block (Dangerous Ground), while Lupar fault was the eastern boundary of the Indochina, NW-trending rift belt known as Zengmu basin developed between above two faults due to block divergent of Indochina from Nansha. In the experiment, transtensional flower structures along NW-trending faults are seen, and slight inversion occurs along some NE-dipping faults. The existence of rigid massifs changed the orientations of some faults and rift belt, and also led to deformation concentrate around the massifs. The rifting and drifting of the south china {3. might be caused by slab pull from the proto south china {3. subducting toward Borneo and/or mantle flow caused by India-Asia collision.

关键词： south china sea, rifting and drifting, clockwise rotation, analogue modeling, rigid massifs.

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Fouling in offshore areas southeast of the Zhujiang(Pearl)River Delta,the northern south china {3.

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2003年第2期22卷 201-212页

作者： Yan Tao, Yan Wenxia, Dong Yu, Liang Guanhe, Yan Yan, Wang Huajie south china sea {3. of oceanology,chinese academy of sciences,guangzhou 510301,china. south china sea Inst. of {3. Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510301 China

In order to understand the type and extent of marine fouling in offshore areas southeast ofthe Zhujiang (Pearl) River delta, within the period form May 1986 to June 1987, two biological buoys were deployed at water depths of 95 m and 113.m located in 114 km and 160 km off the coast of Hong Kong, respectively. Moreover, the fouling community of a Marex hydrological buoy located in 115 m depth water 172 km off Hong Kong was also surveyed. The results show that a total of 78 species were collected and identified. The panels exposed for 3.months were mainly dominated by stalked barnacles Conchoderma hunteri and Lepas anatifera and hydroids Orthopyxis sp. As for the buoys, including the subsurface buoy, and their mooring systems exposed for 6 and 12 months, respectively, some hard foulers such as common oysters, pearl oysters, acorn barnacles and bryozoans were also found. The compositions of fouling communities also varied greatly with depth.

关键词： Biofouling offshore structures the south china sea

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On biogeomorphology of Luhuitou fringing reef of Sanya City,Hainan Island,china

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chinese Science Bulletin 2001年第S1期46卷 97-102页

作者： ZHANG Qiaominsouth china sea {3. of oceanology, chinese academy of sciences, guangzhou 510301, china (e-mail: qmzhang@***) south china sea {3. of oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China

Based on comprehensive survey of 6 transects on Luhuitou fringing reef in Sanya City of Hainan Island, china, some features of its biogeomorphologic processes were found, including ( i ) three basic biogeomorphologic units: inner reef flat, outer reef flat and reef slope; (ii) two important biogeomorphologic boundary lines: up limit for live flat coral growing between inner and outer reef flats is Mean Lower Low Water of tropic tide±15 cm; the break in slope between reef flat and reef slope is Theoretical Lowest Tide ±15 cm; (iii) three types of reef flat profiles in response to distinctive Holocene sea level changes and dynamic condition: Luhuitou type responds to falling sea level and low wave energy; Xiaodonghai type to falling sea sevel and high wave energy; type for atolls of Nansha Islands to stable sea level and low wave energy; (iv) hermatypic coral community is the most essential member in coral reef ecosystem and plays the most important role in biogeomorphologic process. Over the past 3.

关键词： fringing reefs biogeomorphology reef flat sea level change Hainan Island.

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Upper-ocean variation in the northern south china seafrom mooring station observations

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2000年第4期19卷 25-35页

作者： Fang Wendong, Shi Ping, Mao Qingwen, Gan Zijun (south china sea {3. of oceanology, chinese academy of sciences, guangzhou 510301, china) south china sea Inst. of {3. Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510301 China

CTD temperature, salinity and ADCP current data, which were observed by R/V Shiyan No. 3.during the intensive observational period (IOP) of the south china sea monsoon experiment (SCSMEX), have been analyzed. Some study results from observations at a mooring station located at the vicinity of continental slope off the south of Dongsha Islands are shown. The dynamic and thermody namic structures as wall as their changes are analyzed to describe the upper-ocean variation in the northern south china sea during the summer monsoon onset and maintaining periods. The response of near surface water temperature, salinity and current to local sea surface winds is also discussed.

关键词： Northern south china sea upper-ocean variation summer monsoo$

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On the relationship between convection intensity of south china sea summer monsoon and air-sea temperature difference in the tropical oceans

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2004年第2期23卷 267-278页

作者： LINAilan LIANGJianyin GUDejun WANGDongxiao guangzhouinstituteofTropicalandMarineMeteorologyofchinaMeterologicalAdministration Guangzhou510080China keylaboratoryofTropicalMarineEnviromentaldynamics SouthChinaSeaInstituteofOceanologyChineseAcademyofSciencesGuangzhou510301China

The annual, interannual and inter-decadal variability of convection intensity of south china sea (SCS) summer monsoon and air-sea temperature difference in the tropical ocean is analyzed, and their relationship is discussed using two data sets of 48-a SODA (simple ocean data assimilation) and NCEP/NCAR. Analyses show that in wintertime Indian Ocean (WIO), springtime central tropical Pacific (SCTP) and summertime south china sea-West Pacific (SSCSWP), air-sea temperature difference is significantly associated with the convection intensity of south china sea summer monsoon. Correlation of the inter-decadal time scale (above 10 a) is higher and more stable. There is inter-decadal variability of correlation in scales less than 10 a and it is related with the air-sea temperature difference itself for corresponding waters. The inter-decadal variability of the convection intensity during the south china sea summer monsoon is closely related to the inter-decadal variability of the general circulation of the atmosphere. Since the late period of the 1970s, in the lower troposphere, the cross-equatorial flow from the southern Hemisphere has intensified. At the upper troposphere layer, the south Asian high and cross-equatorial flow from the Northern Hemisphere has intensified at the same time. Then the monsoon cell has also strengthened and resulted in the reinforcing of the convection of south china sea summer monsoon.

关键词： tropical oceans air-sea temperature difference south china sea summer monsoon convection, Convec-tion intensity

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Low genetic diversity of symbiotic dinoflagellates(Symbiodinium) in scleractinian corals from tropical reefs in southern Hainan Island,china

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2011年第6期49卷 598-605页

作者： 1,2 Guo-Wei ZHOU 1,2Hui HUANG 1(key laboratory of Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization,south{3. sea institute of oceanology,chinese academy of sciences,guangzhou 510301,china) 2(Tropical Marine Biological Research Station in Hainan,chinese academy of sciences,Sanya 572000,china) (key laboratory of Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510301 China) (Tropical Marine Biological Research Station in Hainan Chinese Academy of Sciences Sanya 572000 China)

Endosymbiotic dinoflagellates in the genus Symbiodinium are among the most abundant and important group of photosynthetic protists found in coral reef *** order to further characterize this diversity and compare with other regions of the Pacific,samples from 44 species of scleractinian corals representing 20 genera and 9 families,were collected from tropical reefs in southern Hainan Island,*** gradient gel electrophoresis fingerprinting of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 2 identified 11 genetically distinct Symbiodinium types that have been reported *** majority of reef-building coral species(88.6%)harbored only one subcladal type of symbiont,dominated by host-generalist C1 and C3.and was influenced little by the host’s apparent mode of symbiont *** species harbored more than one clade of Symbiodinium(clades C,D)*** geographically isolated from the rest of the Pacific,the symbiont diversity in southern Hainan Island was relatively low and similar to both the Great Barrier Reef and Hawaii symbiont assemblages(dominated by clade C Symbiodinium).These results indicate that a specialist symbiont is not a prerequisite for existence in remote and isolated areas,but additional work in other geographic regions is necessary to test this idea.

关键词： coral dinoflagellate diversity south china sea Symbiodinium.

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2D/3.-QSAR comparative study on mutagenicity of nitroaromatics

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Science china Chemistry 2005年第3期48卷 246-252页

作者： WANG Xiaodong1, LIN Zhifen2, YIN Daqiang1, LIU Shushen1 & WANG Liansheng1 1. State key laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment at Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093. china 2. key laboratory of Tropical Marine Environmental Dynamics, south china sea institute of oceanology, chinese academy of sciences, guangzhou 510301,china State key laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse School of the Environment at Nanjing University Nanjing China key laboratory of Tropical Marine Environmental Dynamics South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China

Nitroaromatics are typical toxic organic pollutants and are ubiquitous in environment with diverse structures. They are widely used in many industries and formed during many natural and anthropogenic processes. Most of these pollutants are potentially carcinogenic and the as-sessment and prediction of the mutagenicity of nitroaromatics are of great interest. In this paper the structure-mutagenicity relationships of 219 nitroaromatics are investigated by molecular or-bital theory based classic structure-activity relationships and comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA). A comparison is undertaken in respect of the interpretation of mechanism and predic-tive ability for these two categories of QSAR approaches and highly predictive QSAR models have been developed.

关键词： nitroaromatics, mutagenicity, mechanism, 3.-QSAR, CoMFA.

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The distribution characteristics of clay minerals in the northern south china sea

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 1993年第1期12卷 145-157页

作者： Tang Zhili and Wang Youqiang south china sea {3. of oceanology, Academia Sinica, guangzhou 510301, china south china sea {3. of oceanology Academia Sinica Guangzhou 510301 China

The clay minearals are composed of illite, chlorite, kaolinite, montmorillonite and mixed-layer minerals in the submarine sediments of the northern south china sea. Three types of clay mineral zone can be recognized on the basis of the distributive regularity of clay minerals, submarine relief, hydrodynamic conditions and depositional characteristics in this region. Apart from the northern mainland source, kaolinites carried from the Philippines volcanic arc in the east and Malaysia in the south are also assumed to be one of the sources of the clay minerals in the deep sea. The increase of chlorites to the abyssal direction in the west of 116° E might be associated with the residual chlorites carried from the ancient Zhujiang River during the glacial period and the conversion of kaolinite into chlorite submarine volcanoes appear to be one of the sources of the increment of montmorillonite and chlorite around the Huangyan Island. From the distribution pattern of clay minerals in the whole area, it is known that the types of clay mineral assemblage in the study area are mainly controlled by climate and rock types of the source are-

关键词： The distribution characteristics of clay minerals in the northern south china sea

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cDNA cloning, expression and antibacterial activity of lysozyme C in the blue shrimp (Litopenaeus stylirostris)

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2009年第7期19卷 837-844页

作者： Weijun Mai a,b, Chaoqun Hu a, a Applied Marine Biology laboratory, south china {3. institute of oceanology, Science academy of china, guangzhou 510301, china b Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100049, china Applied Marine Biology laboratory South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Science Academy of China Guangzhou 510301 China Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China

The gene coding for lysozyme in blue shrimp (Litopenaeus stylirostris) was cloned, sequenced and expressed in pET-3.a vector. The deduced amino acid sequence of F. merguiensi lysozyme showed 3.–93. similarity with the mouse, human, chicken, and tiger prawn counterparts. The lysozyme was purified to homogeneity and observed as a band of approximately 15 kDa in 15% SDS–PAGE. Semiquantitative RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that mRNA transcripts of lysozyme could be mainly detected in the tissues of haemocytes, gill, gonad and the lymphoid organ of unchallenged shrimps, whereas the expression of lysozyme transcripts was increased in all the tested tissues after the heat-killed Vibrio alginolyticus challenge. The temporal expression of lysozyme mRNA in haemolymph challenged by Micrococcus luteus and V. alginolyticus was both up-regulated and reached the maximum level at 8 and 16 h post-stimulation, respectively, and then dropped back to the original level. Bacteriolytic activity of the lysozyme against different bacterial cultures was determined by the solid phase and turbidimetric assays. The results demonstrated that the lysozyme we obtained was not only against Grampositive and Gram-negative bacteria but also against shrimp pathogens V. alginolyticus and V. parahemolyticus. In addition, the study of the inhibition mechanism revealed that the antibacterial activity of the lysozyme was a result of the bactericidal effect.

关键词： Lysozyme C Litopenaeus stylirostris PCR-cloning Expression Antibacterial activity

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Impacts of Typhoons Tianying and Dawei on seagrass distribution in Xincun Bay,Hainan Province,china

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2011年第1期30卷 32-39页

作者： YANG Dingtian HUANG Daojian CAS key laboratory of Tropical Marine Environmental Dynamics South China Sea Instituteof Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510301 China south china institute of Environmental {3. Ministry of Environmental Protection of thePeople＇s Republic of China Guangzhou 510655 China

More than 50% of the typhoons landing in china have landed on the southeast coast, where they have caused great pressure on the coastal environment. seagrass, one of the most important con- stituents of coastal ecosystems, is also greatly affected by typhoons. In order to clarify how seagrass distribution variation is affected by typhoons in coastal areas in southeast china, data of Typhoons Dawei and Tianying （category 4 and category 2 respectively, which just ran through the southern part of Hainan province） have been studied. In situ observation and satellite remote sensing data （CBERS-china Brazil Earth Resources Satellite） in 2004 and 2006 were used to retrieve seagrass distribution in Xincun Bay, Hainan province. In situ observations showed that leaf length, stem biomass and above ground biomass on average showed evidence of reduction after Typhoons Tiany- ing and Dawei. However, seagrass density showed no evidence of reduction after typhoon Tianying and Dawei passed by and increased rapidly in January 2006. From results of satellite remote sensing data, seagrass distribution can be detected with high accuracy, and the area of seagrass distribution on the south coast of Xincun Bay in 2006 after the typhoon passed by was smaller than that in 2004 in region A and B. However, in region C, area of seagrass coverage under 20% increased. These results demonstrated that typhoons Tianying and Dawei damaged seagrass bed and helped seagrass to get rid of aged and dead leaves, and this correspondingly facilitated seagrass growth.

关键词： seagrass Typhoon Tianying and Dawei Xincun Bay

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