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Predicting the Maintainability of Open Source software Using Design Metrics

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Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences 2008年第1期13卷 14-20页

作者： ZHOU Yuming1,2. XU Baowen1,3.1. School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 2.0096, {2.,china 2. Department of Computing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong,{3. 3. jiangsu institute of software quality, Nanjing 2.0096, {2.,china School of Computer Science and Engineering Southeast University Nanjing China Department of Computing Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong China jiangsu institute of {2. {3. Nanjing China

This paper empirically investigates the relationships between 15 design metrics and maintainability of 148 Java open source software. The results show that size and complexity metrics are strongly related to the maintainability of open source software. However, cohesion and coupling, as currently captured by existing metrics, do not seem to have a significant impact on maintainability. When used together, these metrics can predict system maintainability fairly accurately （mean MREs below {2.%）.

关键词： open source: object-oriented maintainability metric prediction regression

Association between ICU quality and in-hospital mortality of V-V ECMO-supported patients—the ECMO quality improvement action(EQIA)study:a national cohort study in{2. from 2.17 to 2.19

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Frontiers of Medicine 2024年第2期18卷 315-326页

作者： Wei Cheng Jieqing Chen Xudong Ma Jialu Sun Sifa Gao Ye Wang Longxiang Su Lu Wang Wei Du Huaiwu He Yujie Chen Zunzhu Li Qi Li Jianhua Sun Hongbo Luo Jinbang Liu Guangliang Shan Bing Du Yanhong Guo Dawei Liu Chang Yin Xiang Zhou on behalf of the china National Critical Care quality Control Center-the ECMO quality improvement action(EQIA)study Department of Critical Care Medicine State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare DiseasesPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100730China Information Center Department/Department of Information Management State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare DiseasesPeking Union Medical College HospitalPeking Union Medical College&Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing100730China Department of Medical Administration National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of ChinaBeijing100044China School of Population Medicine and Public Health Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100730China Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Institute of Basic Medicine SciencesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences(CAMS)&School of Basic MedicinePeking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100730China National institute of Hospital Administration National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of ChinaBeijing100044China 不详

This cohort study was performed to explore the influence of intensive care unit(ICU)quality on in-hospital mortality of veno-venous(V-V)extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO)-supported patients in *** study involved all V-V ECMO-supported patients in 3.8 of 1700 tertiary hospitals from 2.17 to 2.19,using data from the National Clinical Improvement System and{2. National Critical Care quality Control *** quality was assessed by quality control indicators and capacity *** the 2.63.V-V ECMO-supported patients in 3.8 hospitals,a significant correlation was found between ECMO-related complications and *** reintubation rate within 48 hours after extubation and the total ICU mortality rate were independent risk factors for higher in-hospital mortality of V-V ECMO-supported patients(cutoff:1.5%and 7.0%;95%confidence interval:1.05–1.48 and 1.04–1.45;odds ratios:1.2. and 1.2.1}P=0.012.and P=0.015,respectively).Meanwhile,the V-V ECMO center volume was a protective factor(cutoff of≥50 cases within the 3.year study period;95%confidence interval:0.57–0.83.odds ratio:0.69,P=0.0001).The subgroup analysis of 864 patients in 11 high-volume centers further strengthened these ***,ICU quality may play an important role in improving the prognosis of V-V ECMO-supported patients.

关键词： veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in-hospital mortality high-volume centers quality control intensive care unit capacity parameters

Israeli Water Achievements Today and Enlightenment to china

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Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2008年第4期6卷 72-77页

作者： Sun Lei1,2. Xu Lanqing3.1. institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of{2., Qingdao Shandong 2.6100,{2. 2. Department of Soil and Water Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental {3. Sciences, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 76100, Israel 3. Logistics Group of Ocean University of{2., Qingdao Shandong 2.6100,{2. institute of Environmental Science and Engineering Ocean University of China Qingdao Shandong 266100 China Department of Soil and Water Sciences Faculty of Agricultural Food and Environmental Quality Sciences the Hebrew University of Jerusalem 76100 Israel Logistics Group of Ocean University of china Qingdao Shandong 266100 China

Despite the endemic drought, arid climate and associated limited freshwater resources, as well as difficult geopolitical realities, Israel can provide a reliable supply of high quality water to a rapidly growing population. The achievements of water supply in Israel can be summarized as water technologies (like water transportation and purification, desalination, wastewater treatment, effluent reuse, storm water catchment, control systems, rain enhancement and drip irrigation, etc.), water management and legislation as well as water industry. In view of the national concern regarding the quality and quantity of the water, the skills, technologies and know-how that Israel has accumulated in water supply and irrigation can give us enlightenment that is also presented in this paper.

关键词： Israel china water technology water management water industry

A multicast routing algorithm with multiple trees

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Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 2005年第2期16卷 426-432页

作者： Cui Xunxue 1,2., Gao Wei3.& Fang Hongyu41. New Star Research institute of Applied Technology, Hefei 2.0}03., P. R. china 2. jiangsu Key Laboratory of Computer Information Processing Technology,Soochow University, Suzhou 2.5006, P. R. china 3. Department of Electronic Engineering and Information Science,University of Science and Technology of china, Hefei 2.0}02., P. R. china 4. School of Electronic Science and Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 2.0}03., P. R. china New Star Research institute of Applied Technology Hefei 230031 P. R. China 2. jiangsu Key Laboratory of Computer Information Processing Technology Soochow University Suzhou 215006 P. R. China Department of Electronic Engineering and Information Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230027 P. R. China School of Electronic Science and Technology Anhui University Hefei 230039 P. R. China

quality of service (QoS) multicast routing has continued to be a very important research topic in the Internet. A method of multicast routing is proposed to simultaneously optimize several parameters based on multiobjective genetic algorithm, after the related work is reviewed. The contribution lies on that the selection process of such routing is treated with multiobjective optimization. Different quality criterions in IP network are taken into account for multicast communications. A set of routing trees is generated to approximate the Pareto front of multicast problem. Multiple trees can be selected from the final set of nondominated solutions, and applied to obtain a good overall link cost and balance traffic distribution according to some simulation results.

关键词： multicast routing quality of service multiobjective optimization genetic algorithms.

Multiple Effects of Energy Issues and Countermeasures: A Case of Shandong Province

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Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2008年第4期6卷 88-94页

作者： Wang Chengxin1,2., Wang Gefang3., Yao Shimou4 1. College of Population, Resources and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan Shandong 2.0014, china 2. Research Center of Cycle Economy of Shandong Province, Jinan Shandong 2.0001, china 3. Party School of the Shandong Committee of CPC, Jinan Shandong 2.002., china 4. Nanjing {3. of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing jiangsu 2.0008, china College of Population Resources and Environment Shandong Normal University Research Center of Cycle Economy of Shandong Province Party School of the Shandong Committee of CPC Nanjing institute of Geography and Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences

Energy is now becoming the bottleneck of urban and regional development. The paper takes Shandong Province, one of the most energy consuming provinces in china, as an example, uses quantity methods such as SPSS (Stastics Package for Social Science) cluster sampling and regression analysis, and applies quantity analysis, to analyze the situation of energy issues in Shandong province. The conflicts between the quick industrialization and increasing extensive economic development, between urban population and energy consuming per head, between the infinite energy consuming desire and the low level of managing system, and between the unstable world energy supply and the limited energy storage in china are the main factors of energy crisis in Shandong, which not only results in energy shortage, but also becomes the barrier of economic and social development. In order to ensure sufficient energy supply for Shandong province in the 2.st century, we should take countermeasures, such as changing the economic development model, pursuing a multiple and high {2. energy strategy, improving the intensive urbanization strategy, and building a scientific energy system.

关键词： energy effects countermeasure Shandong Province

An analysis on the evolvement processes of lake eutrophication and their characteristics of the typical lakes in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2006年第13期51卷 1603-1613页

作者： CHENG Xiaoying1,2.3.& LI Shijie1 1. Nanjing institute of Geography & Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 2.0008,{2. 2. The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Educa- tion, Southern Yangtze University, Wuxi 2.403.,{2. 3. School of Biotechnology, Southern Yangtze University, Wuxi 2.403.,{2. Nanjing institute of Geography & Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing China The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology Ministry of Education Southern Yangtze University Wuxi China School of Biotechnology Southern Yangtze University Wuxi China

According to the study on the aquatic environment of the typical lakes in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River, lake eutrophication is a process in which the lake ecosystem degenerates, resulting in the deterioration of the water quality due to the enrichment of the nutrients. Moreover, the succession of lake ecosystem and change of water quality both couple well with the evolvement of tro- phic state. Then the conceptual model is mentioned and ten lake states are classified. Based on these, the authors analyzed the eutrophication processes of the typical lakes in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River. The large lakes with taking in - send- ing out water typical of Poyang Lake evolve from State 1 before the 1980s into State 2.after the 1980s, the large and medium lakes typical of Taihu Lake evolve from State 1-2.in the 1960s into State 8 in the 1980s then into State 9 in the 1990s, the medium and small shallow lakes typical of Honghu Lake evolve from State 1 in the 1960s into State 2.after the 1980s and the small city (suburban) lakes typical of Donghu Lake evolve from State 2.in the 1960s into State 9 after the 1970s. Further, the 1980s is the key con- version period of the lakes of various types typical of Poyang Lake, Honghu Lake and Taihu Lake con- verting into mesotrophic state, the 1990s is that of Taihu Lake into eutrophic state and the 1970s is thatof the small city (suburban) lakes typical of Donghu Lake into eutrophic state. The series of nutrient evolvement of different typical lakes are similar, but the processes are not synchronous, which is related to the various human and natural driving mechanisms in lake basins.

关键词：长江湖泊富营养化概念模型转变时期驱动机制

Role of gallium wetting layer in high-quality ZnO growth on sapphire (0001) substrates

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Science china(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2004年第5期47卷 612-620页

作者： ZENG Zhaoquan1,3. WANG Yong2. DU Xiaolong1, MEI Zengxia1, KONG Xianghe3. JIA Jinfeng1, XUE Qikun1 & ZHANG Ze2. 4 1. State Key Laboratory for Surface Physics, {2. of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, china 2. Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, {2. of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, china 3. College of Physics and Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 2.3.65, china 4. Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 10002., china 1. State Key Laboratory for Surface Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences 100080 Beijing China 2. College of Physics and Engineering Qufu Normal University 273165 Qufu China 3. Laboratory of Electron Microscopy Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences 100080 Beijing China 4. Beijing University of Technology 100022 Beijing China

A Ga wetting layer was used to modify the surface structure of sapphire (0001) substrate to prepare high-quality ZnO film by radio frequency plasma-assisted molecule beam epitaxy. We found that this Ga layer plays a crucial role in eliminating 3. rotation domains, controlling polarity and decreasing defect density in ZnO epilayers, as demonstrated by in situ reflection high energy electron diffraction, ex situ high resolution X-ray diffraction and high resolution cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy. Zn-polar film of ZnO was determined by convergent beam electron diffraction. A Ga bilayer model is proposed to understand the effects of the Ga wetting layer on high-quality ZnO growth.

关键词： Ga wetting layer, sapphire, polarity, defect density, zinc oxide, rf-MBE, RHEED, HRXRD, TEM, CBED.

A study of interaction between surface water and groundwater using environmental isotope in Huaisha River basin

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Science china Earth Sciences 2006年第12期49卷 1299-1310页

作者： SONG Xianfang1, LIU Xiangchao1, 2. XIA Jun1, YU Jingjie1 & TANG Changyuan1, 3.1. Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Re- sources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101,{2. 2. College of River and Ocean, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074,{2. 3. Chiba University, Chiba 2.3.852., Japan 1. Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes Institut of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China 2. College of River and Ocean Chongqing Jiaotong University Chongqing 400074 China 3. Chiba University Chiba 263-8522 Japan

The surface water and groundwater are important components of water cycle, and the interaction between surface water and groundwater is the important part in water cycle research. As the effective tracers in water cycle research, environmental isotope and hydrochemistry can reveal the interrelationships between surface water and groundwater effectively. The study area is the Huaisha River basin, which is located in Huairou district, Beijing. The field surveying and sampling for spring, river and well water were finished in 2.02.and 2.03. The hydrogen and oxygen isotopes and water quality were measured at the laboratory. The spatial characteristics in isotope and evolution of water quality along river lines at the different area were analyzed. The altitude effect of oxygen isotope in springs was revealed, and then using this equation, theory foundation for deducing recharge source of spring was estimated. By applying the mass balance method, the annual mean groundwater recharge rate at the catchment was estimated. Based on the groundwater recharge analysis, combining the hydrogeological condition analysis, and comparing the rainfall-runoff coefficients from the 1960s to 1990s in the Huaisha River basin and those in the Chaobai River basin, part of the runoff in the Huaisha River basin is recharged outside of this basin, in other words, this basin is an un-enclosed basin. On the basis of synthetically analyses, combining the compositions of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes and hydrochemistry, geomorphology, geology, and watershed systems characteristics, the relative contributions between surface water and groundwater flow at the different areas at the catchments were evaluated, and the interaction between surface water and groundwater was re- vealed lastly.

关键词： environmental isotope,hydrochemistry,surface water,groundwater,interaction.

Effect of Pb, Hg and Cd in soil on scavenging system of activated oxygen in tobacco leaves

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1999年第S2期44卷 91-93页

作者： YAN Chongling~(1,2., HONG Yetang~1, WANG Shijie~1, LIN Peng~3. YANG Xianke~2. FU Shunzhen~2. ZHU Keyong~2.and WU Shanqi~2.1. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002. china 2. Guizhou {2. of Environmental Protection, Guiyang 550002. china 3. Department of Biology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 3.1005, china State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guiyang 550002 China Guizhou institute of Environmental Protection Guiyang 550002 China Department of Biology Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China

Pb, Hg and Cd will affect human health by vegetative chain. In recent years, people more and more are concerned about heavy metal pollution of the soil-plant system. Many researchers studied the effect of single heavy metal on growth, photosynthesis, respiration and quality of plants, but few systematicstudies of the effect of heavy metals on the scavenging system of activated oxygen of plants. This note systematically studies the effect of Pb, Hg and Cd in soil on the scavenging system of activated oxygen in tobacco leaves. 1 Material and methods Material: Tobacco (Nicoticana tabacum L). Methods: Cultivating and measuring methods were according to reference. 2.Results Results of this study indicate that the common effect of Pb, Hg and Cd on activity of CAT is obvi-

关键词： Pb Hg and Cd scavenging system of activated oxygen tobacco.