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GIs-based Earthquake-Triggered Landslide Hazard Zoning Using Contributing Weight Model

Journal of mountain science 2010年第4期7卷 339-352页

作者： WANG Meng institute of mountain hazards and {3. ChineseAcademy of Science Chengdu 610041 China Graduate University of chineseacademy of sciences Belling 100049 China Key Laboratory of Geo-surface Process and mountain hazards Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of Science Chengdu 610041 China

Earthquake-triggered landslides have aroused widespread attention because of their tremendous ability to harm people's lives and *** best way to avoid and mitigate their damage is to develop landslide hazard maps and make them available to the public in advance of an *** construction can then be built according to the level of hazard and existing structures can be retrofit as *** recent years various approaches have been made to develop landslide hazard maps using statistical analysis or physical ***,these methods have *** study introduces a new GIs-based approach,using the contributing weight model,to evaluate the hazard of seismically-induced *** this study,the city and surrounding area of Dujiangyan was selected as the research area because of its moderate-high seismic *** parameters incorporated into the model that related to the probability of landslide occurrence were:slope gradient,slope aspect,geomorphology,lithology,base level,surface roughness,earthquake intensity,fault proximity,drainage proximity,and road *** parameters were converted into raster data format with a resolution of 25×25m2 *** of the GIs correlations shows that the highest earthquake-induced landslide hazard areas are mainly in the hills and in some of the moderately steep mountainous areas of central *** highest hazard zone covers an area of 11.1% of the study area,and the density distribution of seismically-induced landslides was 3.025/km2 from the 2008 Wenchuan *** moderately hazardous areas are mainly distributed within the moderately steep mountainous regions of the northern and southeastern parts of the study area and the hills of the northeastern part;covering 3..0% of the study area and with a density distribution of 2.123.km2 resulting from the Wenchuan *** lowest hazard areas are mainly distributed in the topographically flat plain in the northeas

关键词： Earthquake-triggered landslide GIs Contributing weight model Hazard zoning

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Risk and size estimation of debris flow caused by storm rainfall in mountain regions

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science china(Technological sciences) 2003年第Z1期46卷 12-19页

作者： CHENG Genwei institute of mountain hazards and {3., chinese academy of sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, chengdu 610041, china chinese Acad sci Inst Mt Hazards & Environm Chengdu 610041 Peoples R China Minist Water Resources Chengdu 610041 Peoples R China

Debris flow is a common disaster in mountain regions. The valley slope, storm rainfall and amassed sand-rock materials in a watershed may influence the types of debris flow. The bursting of debris flow is not a pure random event. Field investigations show the periodicity of its burst, but no directive evidence has been found yet. A risk definition of debris flow is proposed here based upon the accumulation and the starting conditions of loose material in channel. According to this definition, the risk of debris flow is of quasi-periodicity. A formula of risk estimation is derived. Analysis of relative factors reveals the relationship between frequency and size of debris flow. For a debris flow creek, the longer the time interval between two occurrences of debris flows is, the bigger the bursting event will be.

关键词： debris flow, periodicity, estimating method.

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Experimental Analysis of shear strength of Undisturbed soil in Leucaena Forest in Jiangjia Ravine,Yunnan,china

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Journal of mountain science 2010年第4期7卷 386-395页

作者： JIAO Zhen Key Laboratory of mountain hazards and earth surfaceprocesses ChineseAcademy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 China Graduate University of chineseacademy of sciences Beijing I ooo49 China institute of mountain hazards and {3. Chinese Academy of Science Chengdu 61oo41 China

Five leucaena trees of similar age were chosen in Jiangjia Ravine of Dongchuan,Yunnan Province,china,near which the soil samples were collected by digging profiles 2m in depth and 1m in *** each section,soil samples at different depths were taken for direct shear experiments to determine the root amount and mechanical *** is found that the cohesion and internal friction angle of the undisturbed soil are related to the root amount,depth,clay content and breccias *** correlates negatively with root content,a finding that differs from that of other *** addition,internal friction angle correlates positively with all these factors.

关键词： Jiangjia Ravine Leucaena Undisturbedsoil shear strength Impact factors

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Impacts of permafrost changes on alpine ecosystem in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

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science china Earth sciences 2006年第11期49卷 1156-1169页

作者： WANG Genxu1,3., LI Yuanshou2 , WU Qingbai2 & WANG Yibo3.1. institute of mountain hazards and {3., chinese academy of sciences, chengdu 610041, china 2. Cold and Arid Regions {3.al and Engineering Research institute, chinese academy of sciences, Lanzhou 73.000, china 3. Resource and {3. school, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 73.000, china institute of mountain hazards and {3. Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu China Resource and environment school Lanzhou University Lanzhou China Cold and Arid Regions environmental and Engineering Research institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China

Alpine cold ecosystem with permafrost environment is quite sensitive to climatic changes and the changes in permafrost can significantly affect the alpine ecosystem. The vegetation coverage, grassland biomass and soil nutrient and texture are selected to indicate the regime of alpine cold ecosystems in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The interactions between alpine ecosystem and permafrost were investigated with the depth of active layer, permafrost thickness and mean annual ground temperature (MAGTs). Based on the statistics model of GPTR for MAGTs and annual air temperatures, an analysis method was developed to analyze the impacts of permafrost changes on the alpine ecosystems. Under the climate change and human engineering activities, the permafrost change and its impacts on alpine ecosystems in the permafrost region between the Kunlun mountains and the Tanggula Range of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are studied in this paper. The results showed that the per- mafrost changes have a different influence on different alpine ecosystems. With the increase in the thickness of active layer, the vegetation cover and biomass of the alpine cold meadow exhibit a significant conic reduction, the soil organic matter content of the alpine cold meadow ecosystem shows an exponential decrease, and the surface soil materials become coarse and gravelly. The alpine cold steppe ecosystem, however, seems to have a relatively weak relation to the permafrost environment. Those relationships resulted in the fact that the distribution area of alpine cold meadow decreased by 7.98% and alpine cold swamp decreased by 28.11% under the permafrost environment degradation during recent 15 years. In the future 50 years the alpine cold meadow ecosystems in different geomorphologic units may have different responses to the changes of the permafrost under different climate warming conditions, among them the alpine cold meadow and swamp ecosystem located in the low mountain and plateau area will have a relatively

关键词： permafrost environment, alpine cold ecosystem, statistics relationship, climate change, impacts, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

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Impact of land-use change on hydrological processes in the Maying River basin, china

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science china Earth sciences 2006年第10期49卷 1098-1110页

作者： WANG Genxu1,3. ZHANG Yu2, LIU Guimin2 & CHEN Lin3.1. institute of mountain hazards and {3., chinese academy of sciences, chengdu 610041, china 2. Cold and Arid Regions {3.al and Engineering Research institute, chinese academy of sciences, Lanzhou 73.000, china 3. Resource and {3. school, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 73.000, china institute of mountain hazards and {3. Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu China Resource and environment school Lanzhou University Lanzhou China Cold and Arid Regions environmental and Engineering Research institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China

since the 1960s, dramatic changes have taken place in land-use patterns characterized by the persistent expansion of cultivated land and a continuous decrease in natural woodland and grassland in the arid inland river basins of china. It is very important to assess the effects of such land-use changes on the hydrological processes so vital for water resource management and sustainable development on the catchment scale. The Maying River catchment, a typical arid inland watershed located in the middle of the Hexi Corridor in northwest china, was the site chosen to investigate the hydrological responses to land-use changes. The annual runoff, base flow, maximum peak flow, and typical seasonal runoff in both spring and autumn flood periods were selected as the variables in the hydrological processes. statistical-trend analysis and curvilinear regression were utilized to detect the trends in hydrological variables while eliminating the climatic influence. The relationship between cultivated land-use and hydrological variables was analyzed based on four periods of land-use variation data collected since 1965. A runoff model was established composed of two factors, i.e., cultivated land use and precipitation. The impact of land use changes, especially in the large ar- eas of upstream woodland and grassland turned into cultivated lands since 1967, has resulted in a mean annual runoff decrease of 28.12%, a base flow decline of 3..3.%, a drop in the maximum peak discharge of 3..77%, and mean discharge decreases in spring and autumn of 3..05% and 24.87% respectively, of which the contribution of cultivated land expansion to the influence of annual runoff amounts to 77%-80%, with the contribution to the influence of spring discharge being 73.-81%, and that to the influence of base flow reaching 62%-65%. Thus, a rational regulation policy of land use patterns is vitally important to the sustainable use of water resources and the proper development of the entire catchment.

关键词： land-use change, arid inland river catchment, hydrological process, impact, Maying River.

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Validation of three infiltration models on purple soil under simulated rainfall

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Progress in Natural science:Materials International 2007年第9期17卷 1059-1066页

作者： Wang Yukuan1,2,Fu Bin1,3.Xu Pei1,2,Wang Daojie1,2,Wang Xiantuo1,3.and Wang Yongqiang1,3.1.Key Laboratory of mountain surface Process and hazards,chinese {3. of seiences,chengdu 610041,china 2.institute of mountain hazards and environment,chinese {3. of sciences,chengdu 610041,china 3.Graduate University of the chinese {3. of sciences,Beijing 100049,china) Key Laboratory of mountain surface Process and hazards Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 China

so as to find models suitable for the prediction of water infiltration in purple soil,infiltration rates simulated by three popular empirical infiltration models,Horton model,Kostiakov model,and the modified Kostiakov model,were compared by using those observed results on slope in purple soil under rainfall simulation.28 sets of infiltration data were divided into two parts for parameter estimation and validation *** performance of the three infiltration models was evaluated with the Nash and sutcliffe efficiency *** results show that the percent for Nash and sutcliffe efficiency greater than 0.7 is about 69.7% for the Horton model,and 48.48%,and 54.55% for the Kostiakov model and the modified Kostiakov model,*** model is better than Kostiakov model and the modified Kostiakov model in most rain events in the ***,Kostiakov model is still suitable for reasonable prediction of the infiltration in purple soil sloping farmland because fewer parameters are ***,rainfall intensity has significant effects on the parameter values used in the simulation *** simulation results can be improved by choosing suitable parameters according to the rainfall intensity.

关键词： infiltration model sloping farmland purple soil rainfall simulation

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Effect of sediment on concentration of dissolved phosphorus in the Three Gorges Reservoir

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International Journal of sediment Research 2011年第1期26卷 87-95页

作者： CAO Zhijing~1,ZHANG Xinbao~2,and AI Nanshan~3.institute of Architecture and environment,sichuan University,chengdu 610065,{3., institute of mountain hazards and environment,chinese academy of sciences,chengdu 610041, china, institute of Architecture and environment,sichuan University,chengdu 610065,{3., Lecturer Institute of Architecture and Environment Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China Prof. Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 China Prof. Institute of Architecture and Environment Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China

Eutrophication and algal bloom has been occurring in the Three Gorges Reservoir ever since the reservoir’s impoundment in *** concentration of dissolved phosphorus(DP) is one of the main controlling factors for algal *** sediment adsorbs DP thereby affecting the concentration of DP. The effect of the sediment reduction on the DP concentration of the Three Gorges Reservoir is discussed in this *** were taken from the Yangtze River and its tributaries,*** Minjiang River and the Tuojiang *** DP concentration of the water samples and the available phosphorus,total phosphorus,and phosphorus-fixing capacity of the sediment samples were *** amount of phosphorus adsorbed by the sediment was about 3.of the total DP load in the Yangtze *** experiment was done in the lab simulating the DP concentration,sediment concentration,and turbulence. The results showed that quite a high amount of DP was adsorbed by the *** adsorption capacity of the sediment was 13. mg/kg and the highest rate of adsorption was 29 mg/kg·*** Xiluodu Dam is located at nearly 1,100 km upstream of the Three Gorges *** Xiloudu Dam will trap sediment and thence reduce the sediment load entering the Three Gorges Reservoir after impoundment in *** is estimated that the sediment reduction due to the Xiluodu Dam may result in an increase of the DP concentration in the Three Gorges Reservoir by 6.8%.

关键词： Dissolved phosphorus sediment load reduction Three Gorges Reservoir Adsorption capacity Eutrophication

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GULLY-sPECIFIC DEBRIs FLOW HAZARD AssEssMENT IN china

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chinese Geographical science 2003年第2期13卷 112-118页

作者： LIU Xi-lin (institute of mountain hazards and {3., chinese academy of sciences, C hengdu 610041, P.R. china) institute of mountain hazards and {3. Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu P. R. China

Techniques of gully-specific debris flow hazard assessment develope d in four periods since the end of the 1980s have been discussed in the present paper. The improvement for the empirical assessment method is the sectionalized function transformation for the factor value, rather than the classified logical transformation. The theoretical equation of the gully-specific debris flow haz ard is expressed as the definite integral of an exponential function and its num erical solution is expressed by the Poisson Limit Equation. Current methods for assessment of debris flow hazard in china are still valid and practical. The fur ther work should be put on the study of the reliability (or uncertainty) of the techniques. For the future, we should give a high priority to the relationship b etween debris flow magnitude and its frequency of occurrence, make more developm ents of prediction model on debris flow magnitude, so as to finally reach the go al of assessing the hazard of debris flow by theoretical model, and realize both actuality assessment and prediction appraisal of debris flow.

关键词： debris flow hazard gully-specific debris flow assessment theoreticalequation

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Prediction of Debris-flow Danger Area by Combining Hydrological and Inundation simulation Methods

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Journal of mountain science 2011年第1期8卷 1-9页

作者： CUI Peng Key Laboratory of mountain hazards and Earth surface Process Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 China institute of mountain hazards and {3. Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 China Graduate school of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China

Debris flows have caused serious human casualties and economic losses in the regions strongly affected by the Ms8.0 Wenchuan earthquake of 2oo8. Debris flow mitigation and risk assessment is a key issue for reconstruction. The existing methods of inundation simulation are based on historical disasters and have no power of prediction. The rain- flood method can not yield detailed flow hydrograph and does not meet the need of inundation simulation. In this paper, the process of water flow was studied by using the Arc-sCs model combined with hydraulic method, and then the debris flow runoff process was calculated using the empirical formula combining the result from Arc-sCs. The peak discharge and runoff duration served as input of inundation simulation. Then, the dangerous area is predicted using kinematic wave method and Manning equation. Taking the debris flow in Huashiban gully in Beichuan County, sichuan Province, china on 24 sep. 2oo8 as example, the peak discharge of water flow and debris flow were calculated as 3..52 m3.s-1 and 215.66 m3.s-, with error of 4.15% compared to the measured values. The simulated area of debris-flow deposition was 161,500 m2, vs. the measured area of 144,097 m2, in error of 81.75%. The simulated maximum depth was 12.3.m, consistent with the real maximum depth between lO and 15 m according to the field survey. The minor error is mainly due to the flow impact on buildings and variations in cross-section configuration. The present methodology can be applied to predict debrisflow magnitude and evaluate its risk in other watersheds inthe earthquake area.

关键词： Debris flow Arc-sCs model Inundation simulation Risk analysis Wenchuan earthquake

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Human activity response and prevention strategies on soil and water loss in sichuan Province

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science china(Technological sciences) 2003年第Z1期46卷 91-109页

作者： FANG Yiping & CHEN Guojie institute of mountain hazards and {3., chinese academy of sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, chengdu 610041, china chinese Acad sci Inst Mt Hazards & Environm Chengdu 610041 Peoples R China Minist Water Resources Chengdu 610041 Peoples R China

Ten major factors have been selected to judge the degree of disturbance from human activity and the corresponding relationship of the impact on soil and water loss in sichuan Province. Correlation analysis has demonstrated that stock-carrying capacity, percentage of land reclamation, population density, GDP per capita, mineral modulus and percentage of forest coverage are the 6 most relevant human activity factors. The analysis on the degree of disturbance has shown that population pressure, excessive or unreasonable activities in development of resources and destructive behavior of humans are the main causes of soil and water loss. Consequently, solving the various problems in the negative activity of humans and regulating human behavior are the first tasks that should be tackled in the conservation of water and soil. In the new era, the prevention and rectification of soil and water loss are measures based on the foundation of the ecosystem, which is a kind of management strategy for sustainable development. The foundation of this method is made up of the system innovations and breakthroughs in terms of aims, philosophy, measures, and aspects of the prevention and rectification of soil and water loss, simultaneous advance from the conceptual, policy, spatial, technical and mode levels and system integration on the treatment strategies.

关键词： sichuan, degree of disturbance, soil and water loss, system innovation.

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