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Orthogonal design for optimization of pigment extraction from surface sediments of the Changjiang River Estuary

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2011年第4期30卷 33-42页

作者： ZHAO Jun YAO Peng YU Zhigang Thomas S Bianchi Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology Ministry of Education Ocean University of China Qingdao 266100 China department of oceanography Texas A ＆ M University College Station TX 77843 USA Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology Ministry of Education Ocean University of China Qingdao 266100 China Institute of Marine Organic Geochemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Ocean University of China Qingdao 266100 China

Using a suitable solvent for extracting pigments from sediment for high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） analysis is critical for obtaining qualitative and quantitative estimates of phytoplanktonic and benthic algal biomass,as well as community composition. Five methodological factors（sample dehydration,extraction solvent,extraction duration,number of extractions,and ratio of solvent volume：sample weight） were studied using an L 9（3.4 ） orthogonal design in a sedimentary pigment extraction experiment on samples collected from the Changjiang large-river delta-front estuary（LDE）,using HPLC analysis. The results show that the optimal extraction method for sedimentary pigments should include freeze-drying samples prior to extraction. The effects of different factors on sedimentary pigment extraction were separated by the L 9（3.4 ） orthogonal design experiments and showed that the extraction solvent was the most important,with extraction duration the second most important,and numbers of extraction and ratio of solvent volume：sample weight was the least important. The mixed solvent treatment comprised of acetone,methanol and water（80：15：5,by volume） was best for polar pigment extraction,with 100% acetone better for apolar pigments. For most pigments employed in this study（i.e.,peridinin,fucoxanthin,alloxanthin,diatoxanthin,zeaxanthin,pheophytin-a and β-carotene） ,3.h was found to be enough time for extraction from these deltaic sediments. However,for chlorophyll-a,the most important pigment used for estimating algal biomass,12 h was needed. A small amount of solvent（3.ml） with duplicate extractions obtained the greatest amount and diversity of pigments. Unfortunately,no extraction method was found to be suitable for all pigments in sediments. The choice of extraction procedure should be made in accordance with the objective of each study,taking into consideration the properties of sediments and pigments in question.

关键词： sedimentary pigments extraction orthogonal design HPLC Changjiang River Estuary

Nonlinear tidal waves in a kind of estuary with gradually varying cross-section

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 1990年第1期9卷 37-50页

作者： Du Yong, Chen Zongyong and Ye Anle department of Physical oceanography and Marine Meteorology, Ocean university of {3., {3., china

-Nonlinear tidal waves in a kind of estuary are studied in the paper using one-dimensional nonlinear hydrody-namic equations with friction. The estuary has exponentially varying width B=B0 e-bx and uniform depth h. The one-dimensional hydrodynamic equations are solved by perturbation method. It was found that our solution included two special cases, Pelisenpeki's solution and Airy's solution. The former can be got by letting b=0 in our solutions, and the latter by setting 6 = 0 and f= 0 (f is linear frictional coefficient). In terms of the second-order solution, the physical mechanism of nonlinear tidal waves in estuaries with gradually varying cross-section is explored. It is shown that, under the assumption of linear friction coefficient, shallow water constituent waves consist of two parts, one is produced by shallow water nonlinear effect outside the estuary, the other is generated by shallow water nonlinear effect inside estuary. In addition, the physical mechanism of the residual tidal current and elevation are not exactly the same as that of the shallow water constituent waves. The former results from the interaction of shallow water nonlinear effect, friction and estuarine deforming effect. The latter depends chiefly on shallow water nonlinear effect. Finally, present nonlinear model is applied to the modelling of the tidal waves in the Hangzhou Bay. Seven of constituent waves (O1,K1, M2, S2, M4, S4, MS4) are taken into account. It will be found that the results modelled by incident progressive waves and their interaction agree rather well with the observations, therefore, it can be concluded that the incident progressive waves in the Hangzhou Bay are dominant.

关键词： tidal estuary shallow frictional hydrodynamic perturbation tides latter exponentially currents

A NONHYDROSTATIC NUMERICAL MODEL FOR DENSITY STRATIFIED FLOW AND ITS APPLICATIONS

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2008年第6期20卷 706-712页

作者： LI Qun XU Zhao-ting Polar Research Institute of china （PRIC） Shanghai 200136 China Physical oceanography Institute Ocean University of China Qingdao 266100 China

A modular numerical model was developed for simulating density-stratified flow in domains with irregular bottom topography. The model was designed for examining interactions between stratified flow and topography, e.g,, tidally driven flow over two-dimensional sills or internal solitary waves propagating over a shoaling bed. The model was based on the non-hydrostatic vorticity-stream function equations for a continuously stratified fluid in a rotating frame. A self-adaptive grid was adopted in the vertical coordinate, the Alternative Direction Implicit （ADI） scheme was used for the time marching equations while the Poisson equation for stream-function was solved based on the Successive Over Relaxation （SOR） iteration with the Chebyshev acceleration. The numerical techniques were described and three applications of the model were presented.

关键词： nonhydrostatic assumption stratified flow self-adaptive grid nonlinear internal wave

Fate of particle-reactive pollutants in the Xiamen Bay

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 1998年第4期17卷 503-508页

作者： Chen Min and Huang Yipu (department of oceanography, Xiamen university, Xiamen 3.1005, {3.) department of oceanography Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China

A simple model is established to describe the fate of particle-reactive pollutants in the Xiamen Bay. Based on the conditional distribution coefficients (Kd ) of chemicals and residence times of particle and waters, the model can be used to predict the fractions of pollutants which would be scavenged to sediments and would escape from the system. The model is calibrated using scavenging data derived from 23. Th - 23.U disequilibrium. The fate of a potential pollutant which will be scavenged is a function of the properties of the chemical, of the particle dynamics, and of the waters dynamics in the environment. It is inappropriate to overlook any factor.

关键词： Pollutant, ^(23.)Th/^(23.)U disequilibrium model prediction

The "von Karman vortex street" to the west of Big Island

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2004年第3期23卷 407-414页

作者： LIUWei LIUQinyu PhysicaloceanographyLaboratoryandOcean-AtmosphereInteractionandClimateLaboratory OceanUniversityofChinaQingdao266003China

Satellite-tracked drifting buoy data and altimetry data are used to study the active vortex field to the west of Big Island. A pair of vortexes were observed at the trajectory of buoy in 1995. The westward propagation of the vortex pair is studied in detail by reproducing the loops of each vortex. The orbital period and radius of the pair of vortex are determined to be 10-11 d and 58-68 km. Two arrays of contra-rotating vortices are displayed in the average sea surface height anomaly (SSHA) field to the west of Big Island. Based on the calculation of the fluid dynamical parameter, the 'von Karman vortex street' is proved to be generated to the west of Big Island as the North Equatorial Current impinges upon Big Island from the east. Finally, the analysis of the buoy trajectories in a decade contributes to the conclusion of the pattern of VKVS in a statistical view.

关键词： von Karman vortex street buoy trajectory sea surface height anomaly Big Island

Analysis of sea surface temperature fronts in the Taiwan Strait and its adjacent area using an advanced edge detection method

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Science china Earth Sciences 2010年第7期53卷 1008-1016页

作者： PI QingLing1,2,3.& HU JianYu1,2 1 State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen university, Xiamen 3.1005, china 2 department of {3., Xiamen university, Xiamen 3.1005, china 3.china Communications Construction Company First Harbor Consultants CO., LTD., Tianjin 3.0222, china State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science Xiamen University Xiamen China department of oceanography Xiamen University Xiamen China china Communications Construction Company First Harbor Consultants CO. LTD. Tianjin China

A morphology-based edge detection method has been used to study sea surface temperature (SST) fronts in the Taiwan Strait and its adjacent area. The method is based on mathematical morphology with multi-dimensional and multi-structural elements. Using six years’ SST data from September 2002 to August 2008, we distinguished the large SST front like Kuroshio Front as well as the smaller ones: namely Taiwan Bank Front, Zhe-Min Coastal Front and Zhang-Yun Ridge Front. The seasonal and monthly variations of these fronts were also studied. Generally, the SST fronts are stronger in winter but weaker in summer. And the fronts are at their active stage during the period from January to May but at their declining stage during the period from July to October.

关键词： SST front remote sensing edge detection Taiwan Strait Kuroshio

Preliminary study on the distribution of nutrients, organic matter, trace metals in sea surface microlayer in Xiamen Bay and Jiulong Estuary

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 1990年第1期9卷 81-90页

作者： Hong Huasheng and Lin Jie department of oceanography, Xiamen university. Xiamen, {3.

The enrichment of nutrients (Noa-, Noa-, PO43.), suspended particles, organic matter (POC, PON,DOC) , and trace metals (Cu, Ni, Cd) was determined in the sea surface microlayer of Xiamen Bay and Jiulong Estuary. The mean enrichment factors ([Xi]microlayer/[Xi ]15cm in depth) mostly ranged between 1 . 0 and 2. 0. The dissolved forms were the major forms of the components measured, the enrichment of dissolved organic matter and suspended particles could lead to the changes in the total amount and speciation of nutrients and trace metals. No correlation was observed between sample concentrations, speciation, enrichment factors and sample locations. However, some evidence shows that these parameters are correlated with sea state, indicating the complexity and dynamic nature of the sea surface microlayer.

关键词： Preliminary study on the distribution of nutrients trace metals in sea surface microlayer in Xiamen Bay and Jiulong Estuary Bay

Immunorecognition of estrogen and androgen receptors in the brain and thoracic ganglion mass of mud crab,Scylla paramamosain

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2008年第6期18卷 691-695页

作者： Haihui Ye*,Huiyang Huang,Shaojing Li,Guizhong Wang department of oceanography,Xiamen university,Xiamen 3.1005,{3. department of oceanography Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China

The brain and the thoracic ganglion of a crustacean can synthesize and secrete gonad-stimulating hormone(GSH)which stimulates the maturation of *** the previous experiments,sex steroid hormones(estradiol,testosterone,progesterone,etc.)have been detected from the ***,the feedback regulation of sex steroid hormones on the brain and the thoracic ganglion of the crustacean has not been reported so *** the present experiment,monoclonal antibodies were applied to investigate the immuno-recognition of estrogen receptor(ER)and androgen receptor(AR)in the brain and the thoracic ganglion mass of Scylla *** results showed that the distribution of the immunopositive substances of ER and AR was extremely *** distributed in the protocerebrum,deutocerebrum and tritocerebrum of the brain,and mainly in *** the thoracic ganglion mass,immuno-positive substances distributed in the subesophageal ganglion,thoracic ganglion and abdominal ganglion,and mostly in subesophageal *** substances of ER and AR mostly existed in the cytoplasm of *** present study will provide mor-phological evidence for the origin and the evolution of ER and *** addition,the immunoreactivities of ER and AR suggested that the estrogen and androgen may be involved in the feedback regulation of crustacean neuroendocrine.

关键词： Scylla paramamosain Estrogen receptor Androgen receptor Brain Thoracic ganglion mass Immunocytochemistry

Synergistic actions of complement and lysozyme in clearance of Escherichia coli from amphioxus Branchiostoma belcheri

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2009年第2期19卷 179-185页

作者： Guangfeng Wang a,Shicui Zhang a,Zhimeng Zhuang b,Zhiping Wang a a department of Marine Biology,Ocean university of china,{3. 2.6003.china b Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute,{3. 266071,china department of Marine Biology Ocean University of China Qingdao 266003 China Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute Qingdao 266071 China

Amphioxus appears to lack free circulating blood cells. How it clears invading pathogens from its body remains unknown to date. We demonstrate here that amphioxus Branchiostoma belcheri is capable of efficiently eliminating the invading bacterium Escherichia coli from its humoral fluid,and the complement and lysozyme are both involved in the elimination of the invading pathogen. Both the com-plement and lysozyme act in concert against the invading bacterium,but the complement appears to play a more dominant role than the lysozyme.

关键词： Amphioxus Branchiostoma Complement Lysozyme Humoral fluids Anti-bacterial activity