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Status of study on biological and toxicological effects of nanoscale materials

Science China Chemistry 2005年第5期48卷 385-394页

作者： WANG Bing1, FENG Weiyue1, ZHAO Yuliang1, XING Gengmei1, CHAI Zhifang1, WANG Haifang2.& JIA Guang3.1. Laboratory for Bio-environmental {2. {2. of Nanoscale Materials (Nanosafety Lab), Institute of High Energy Physics, Chi-nese Academy of {2., beijing 100049, China 2. College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, peking university, beijing 100871, China 3. department of occupational and environmental health sciences, school of public health, peking university, beijing 100083, China Laboratory for Bio-environmental health {2. of Nanoscale Materials (Nanosafety Lab) Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing China department of occupational and {2. {3. sciences School of Public Health Peking University Beijing China

Because the physical and chemical properties of nanosized materials mostly differ from the existing microsized materials, their potential impacts on human health and the envi-ronment will be topics under the serious discussions in press and in a number of international scientific journals. We analyze and summarize the existing data of the experimental study on the biological activities and adverse effects of nanoscale materials/particles including single wall carbon nanotubes, multi wall carbon nanotubes, titanium oxide and iron powders. Though some biological behaviors of nanoscale materials observed cannot be understood on the basis of the current knowledge, as the existing data are mostly preliminary, it is too early to make some ex-clusive conclusions on biological activities (or the toxicity) of any of nanoscale materials. The experimental techniques, the current topics, and the future research directions for this new re-search field are also discussed.

关键词： nanomaterials, single wall carbon nanotubes, multi wall carbon nanotubes, titanium oxide and iron, biological activity and toxicological effect.

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Hydroxyl radicals induced by quartz particles in lung alveolar macrophages: the role of surface iron

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2006年第10期16卷 1038-1044页

作者： LI Yi, ZHU Tong, GUO Xinbiao and SHANG Yu ( State Key Joint Laboratory for environmental Simulation & Pollution Control, peking university, {2. 100871, China {3. & environmental health sciences, school of public health, peking university health Science Center, beijing 100083, China) State Key Joint Laboratory for environmental Simulation and Pollution Control Peking University Beijing 100871 China occupational and environmental {2. {3. School of Public Health Peking University Health Science Center Beijing 100083 China

Previous studies have shown that hydroxyl radical generation is a key step in the mechanism of pathogenic process caused by airborne particles to the lung. However, there is no direct evidence for dose-response relationship between airborne particles and hydroxyl radical generation. In this study, hydroxyl radicals generated in lung alveolar macrophages exposed to quartz particles were measured using a highly sensitive capillary electrophoresis-fluorescence detection method. The results demonstrated that quartz particles induced the generation of hydroxyl radical in a dose-dependent manner, and the amount of the hydroxyl radicals was 10-10 mol/10 cells. The viability of alveolar macrophages exposed to quartz particles decreased with the increase of quartz concentration, showing a clear dose-response relationship. Hydroxyl radical scavenger mannitol could increase the viability of quartz-treated cells, suggesting that hydroxyl radical contributed directly to cell death. In this study this contribution accounted for about 5%-2.% of cell death. The hydroxyl radical generating potential was found to be related to surface iron content of the quartz particles.

关键词： inhalable quartz hydroxyl radical capillary electrophoresis dose-response relationship iron.

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Effects of estrogen on gastrocnemius muscle strain injury and regeneration in female rats

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Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2004年第11期 105-110页

作者： Xin FENG, Guo-zhen LI, Sheng WANGdepartment of occupational and {2. {3., public {3. school, peking university {3. Science Center, beijing 100083, China

AIM: To study the effects of estrogen on muscle damage and regeneration after acute passive gastrocnemius muscle strain injury in female Sprague-Dawley rats. METHODS: Rats were divided into 5 groups: ovariectomized, strained and treated with low-dosage estradiol (2. μg/d) (Elow), treated with high-dosage estradiol (2.0 μg/d) (Ehigh), treated with oil placebo (Oil), strained with no ovariectomy (Strain), and sham operated with no strain and no ovariectomy (Con). Muscle damage index [plasma creatine kinase (CK)], antioxidant indexes [glutathione (GSH), Vitamin E (Vit E), total antioxidant capability (TAC)], and muscle regeneration index (desmin) were investigated at 7 d. RESULTS: The plasma CK activity increased but GSH, Vit E, and TAC levels decreased after muscle strain injury (Strain vs Con P<0.05). Plasma CK activity was the greatest while GSH, Vit E, and TAC were the lowest in the Oil group among the five groups (P<0.01). Plasma CK in the Ehigh and Strain groups was lower than that in the Elow group

关键词： estrogen skeletal muscle muscle injury antioxidant regeneration desmin

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Formation of Superoxide Radical and Hydrogen Peroxide Enhanced by Trinitrotoluene in Rat Liver, Brain, Kidney, and Testicle in Vitro and Monkey Liver in Vivo

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Biomedical and environmental sciences 1989年第1期2卷 72-77页

作者： KONG LINGYUAN, JIANG QUANGUAN,~2.AND QU QINGSHAN department of occupational {2.,{3., beijing Medical university, beijing, China department of occupational {2. School of Public Health Beijing Medical University China.

Trinitrotoluene (TNT) increased the formation of adrenochrome from adrenaline and the formation of formaldehyde from methanol in rat liver mitochondria and microsomes in vitro as well as in monkey liver mitrochondria and microsomes in vivo. The effects were more prominent at higher TNT concentrations. These findings indicate that TNT enhances the production of superoxide radicals (O_2.-) and hydrogen peroxide (H_2._2.. The production of O_2.- was more prominent in systems containing added TNT than in those containing added benzyl viologen. H_2._2.production by mitochondria was more pronounced in the liver than in other organs, but its production by microsomes was more pronounced in the brain than in other organs. The results suggest that TNT undergoes cycling reduction which produces oxidative stress. 1989 Academic Press, Inc.

关键词： Brain Formation of Superoxide Radical and Hydrogen Peroxide Enhanced by Trinitrotoluene in Rat Liver Kidney and Testicle in Vitro and Monkey Liver in Vivo

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Effects of Exposure to Trinitrotoluene on Male Reproduction

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Biomedical and environmental sciences 1993年第2期6卷 154-160页

作者： LI YI, JIANG QUAN-GUAN, YAO SHOU-QI, LIU WEI, TIAN GAO-JUN,AND GUI JING-WEIdepartment of occupational {2.,{3., beijing Medical university, beijing ^Hebi Institute of occupational {2., Henan Province Anyang Institute of occupational {2., Henan Province Xinxiang Institute of occupational {2., Henan Province, China Prof. Jiang Quan-guan, department of occupational {2.,{3., beijing Medical university, beijing 100083 China. department of occupational {2. School of Public Health Beijing Medical University China.

A cross-sectional study was performed in 2.plants located in Henan Province in 1990 for observing the reproductive and sexual functions of male workers exposed to trinitrotoluene (TNT). The TNT concentrations in the workplace air, except the packing site, were found to have exceeded MAC (1 mg/m3.. TNT exposed male workers complained of more sexual disorders such as impotence, the loss of libido and sexual hypoesthesia than the control group. Compared with the control group, the volume of semen and percentage of motile spermatozoawere found to have significantly decreased, and the sperm malformation incidence increased significantly in TNT exposed workers. The serum testosterone content in TNT exposed male workers was significantly decreased too.

关键词： TNT

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Impact of Long-term Exposure to Air Particulate Matter on Life Expectancy and Survival Rate of Shanghai Residents

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Biomedical and environmental sciences 2002年第3期15卷 209-214页

作者： KAN HAI-DONG1 AND CHEN BING-HENG department of environmental {2.,{3., Fudan university, Shanghai 2.003., China department of environmental {2. School of Public Health Fudan University 上海 200032

Objective To evaluate the impact of long-term air particulate matter exposure on the life expectancy and survival rate of Shanghai residents. Methods Epidemiology - based exposure-response function was used for the calculation of attributable deaths to air particulate matter in Shanghai, and the effect of long-term exposure to particulate matter on life expectancy and survival rate was estimated using the life table of Shanghai residents in 1999. Results It was shown that in 1999, the long-term air particulate matter exposure caused 1.3.-1.69 years reduction of life expectancy and a decrease of survival rate for each age group of Shanghai residents. Conclusion The effect of long-term exposure to air particulate matter on life expectancy is substantial in Shanghai.

关键词： Particulate matter Life expectancy Survival rate Shanghai

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传染病多点触发智慧化监测预警系统关键技术专家共识

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中华医学杂志 2024年第32期104卷 2995-3009页

作者：中国医学科学院北京协和医学院群医学及公共卫生学院北京大学公共卫生学院中国疾病预防控制中心传染病管理处四川大学华西公共卫生学院中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所首都医科大学附属北京地坛医院中华医学会公共卫生分会中国医学科学院北京协和医学院群医学及公共卫生学院北京大学公共卫生学院中国疾病预防控制中心传染病管理处四川大学华西公共卫生学院中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所首都医科大学附属北京地坛医院中华医学会公共卫生分会

有效的传染病监测预警系统是公共卫生安全体系的重要组成部分, 对预防与控制传染病暴发流行至关重要, 提升监测预警能力是推动疾病预防控制事业高质量发展的当务之急。专家组结合公共卫生与预防医学、临床医学、管理学、数据科学、计算... 详细信息

有效的传染病监测预警系统是公共卫生安全体系的重要组成部分, 对预防与控制传染病暴发流行至关重要, 提升监测预警能力是推动疾病预防控制事业高质量发展的当务之急。专家组结合公共卫生与预防医学、临床医学、管理学、数据科学、计算机科学等多学科专家的研究成果与实践经验, 经过反复多轮专家研讨, 形成了传染病多点触发智慧化监测预警系统关键技术专家共识。本共识内容主要包括传染病多点触发智慧化监测预警系统的相关概念和定义, 关键技术框架, 多渠道监测预警数据来源、获取与治理, 预警方法分类, 多点触发智慧化监测预警关键流程及路径, 多点触发预警及综合研判, 预警信号响应以及预警效果评价等方面, 以期为传染病多点触发智慧化监测预警系统建设及应用提供技术参考。

关键词：传染病监测预警多点触发智慧化

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Debating about the climate warming

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2006年第1期16卷 1-6页

作者： WANG Shaowu1, LUO Yong2. ZHAO Zongci2. DONG Wenje2.and YANG Bao3.(1.department of Atmospheric {2., {2. of Physics,{3., beijing 100871, China 2. Laboratory for Climate Studies, China Meteorological Administration, beijing 100081, China 3. Institute of Cold and Arid Regions environmental and Engineering, Chinese Academy of {2., Lanzhou 73.000, China) department of Atmospheric sciences School of Physics Peking University Beijing 100871 China Laboratory for Climate Studies China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081 China Institute of Cold and Arid Regions environmental and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China

Debating about the climate warming is reviewed. Discussions have focused on the validity of the temperature reconstruction for the last millennium made by Mann et al. Arguments against and for the reconstruction are introduced. Temperature reconstructions by other authors are examined, including the one carried out by Wang et al. in 1996. It is concluded that: (1) Ability of reproducing temperature variability of time scale less than 10 a is limited, so no sufficient evidence proves that the 1990s was the warmest decade, and 1998 was the warmest year over the last millennium. (2. All of the temperature reconstructions by different authors demonstrate the occurrence of the MWP (Medieval Warm Period) and LIA (Little Ice Age) in low frequency band of temperature variations, though the peak in the MWP and trough in LIA varies from one reconstruction to the others. Therefore, terms of MWP and LIA can be used in studies of climate change. (3. The warming from 1975 to 2.00 was significant, but we do not know if it was the strongest for the last millennium, which needs to be proved by more evidence.

关键词： climate warming MWP LIA the 2.th century.

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Excessive Cu and Zn affecting on distribution of the metals and activities of glycolytic and nitrogen incorporating key enzymes in mycelia of ectomycorrhizal fungi Suillus bovinus

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Journal of environmental sciences 2001年第3期13卷 337-341页

作者： HUANG Yi, TAO Shu(department of Urban and environmental {2.,{3., beijing 100871, China. 北京大学北京 100871

Concentration of copper and zinc in isolated Suillus bovinus mycelia, used nutrient solution and 0.5 mol/L EDTA mycelia washing solution were measured to investigate the distribution of heavy metals in mycelia growth in excess copper or zinc nutrient solution. Treated with zinc, most of added zinc maintained in used solution, and 9.8%/14.6% was in/on mycelia in treatment, and in treatment 2.was 3.9%/8.0% in/on mycelia. In the copper applications, copper stimulated in more than on mycelia, i.e., 2..9%/4.5% in/on mycelia in treatment, and 7%/18.8% in/on mycelia while most of copper retained in used nutrient solution. Certain amount of copper or zinc uptake by mycelia led to pronounced influence on glycolysis and nitrogen incorporating process of Suillus bovinus, while the tested enzymes kept constant in treatment. In crude extracts of copper treatment 2.mycelia, activities of HK, PFK and GS were inhibited and decrease to 63., 48% and 3.% and GIDH increased by 68% of the control, respectively. The behaviors of these tested enzymes toward zinc corresponded in general with that towards copper. The potential protection of Suillus bovinus for its host plant under excess copper or zinc threaten was discussed.

关键词： Suillus bovinus ectomycorrhizal fungous copper zinc glycolysis nitrogen incorporate enzymes

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Pretreatment of Chrysotile With Rare Earth Compounds Lowered Its Cytotoxicity by Lessening Surface Charges

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Biomedical and environmental sciences 1998年第2期11卷 125-132页

作者： FAN JING-GUANG WANG QI-EN LIU SHI-JIE WU WEI-DONG JIA GUANG AND ZHOU LI-LI(National Institute for occupational Safety and health, Ministry of Labour, {2. 10002., China {3. of occupational health, school of public health, {2. Medical Univers National Institute for occupational Safety and health Ministry of Labour Beijing 100029 China department of occupational {2. School of Public Health Beijing Medical University Beijing 100083 China National Sports Medicine Institute Beijing 100029 China

Pathological effects of asbestos are probably dependent on the special surface properties of the fibers, such as surface charge, surface metal ions. The present study was designed to determine whether the pretreatment of chrysotile asbestos fibers (CAF) with rare earth compounds (REC) solution can reduce their pathogenicity. The results showed that REC-pretreated CAF induced less nitrogen oxide (NO) production by alveolar macrophages (AM). In addition, the pretreatment lowered the capacity of hemolysis and the methylene blue (MB) adsorption of the native CAF. These findings suggested that the pretreatment of CAF with REC solution reduced the in vitro toxicity of CAF by lessening its surface charges. Nevertheless, the pathogenicity and the carcinogenicity of REC-pretreated CAF in vivo remain to be investigated.

关键词： Br Pretreatment of Chrysotile With Rare Earth Compounds Lowered Its Cytotoxicity by Lessening Surface Charges

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