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Status of study on biological and toxicological effects of nanoscale materials

Science china Chemistry 2005年第5期48卷 385-394页

作者： WANG Bing1, FENG Weiyue1, ZHAO Yuliang1, XING Gengmei1, CHAI Zhifang1, WANG Haifang2 & JIA Guang3.1. Laboratory for Bio-environmental health sciences of Nanoscale Materials (Nanosafety Lab), Institute of High Energy Physics, Chi-nese Academy of sciences, beijing 100049, china 2. College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, peking university, beijing 100871, china 3. department of occupational and environmental health sciences, school of public health, peking university, beijing 100083. china Laboratory for Bio-environmental health sciences of Nanoscale Materials (Nanosafety Lab) Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing China department of occupational and environmental {3. sciences School of Public Health Peking University Beijing China

Because the physical and chemical properties of nanosized materials mostly differ from the existing microsized materials, their potential impacts on human health and the envi-ronment will be topics under the serious discussions in press and in a number of international scientific journals. We analyze and summarize the existing data of the experimental study on the biological activities and adverse effects of nanoscale materials/particles including single wall carbon nanotubes, multi wall carbon nanotubes, titanium oxide and iron powders. Though some biological behaviors of nanoscale materials observed cannot be understood on the basis of the current knowledge, as the existing data are mostly preliminary, it is too early to make some ex-clusive conclusions on biological activities (or the toxicity) of any of nanoscale materials. The experimental techniques, the current topics, and the future research directions for this new re-search field are also discussed.

关键词： nanomaterials, single wall carbon nanotubes, multi wall carbon nanotubes, titanium oxide and iron, biological activity and toxicological effect.

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Hydroxyl radicals induced by quartz particles in lung alveolar macrophages: the role of surface iron

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2006年第10期16卷 1038-1044页

作者： LI Yi, ZHU Tong, GUO Xinbiao and SHANG Yu ( State Key Joint Laboratory for environmental Simulation & Pollution Control, peking university, beijing 100871, {3. occupational & environmental health sciences, school of public health, peking university health Science Center, beijing 100083. china) State Key Joint Laboratory for environmental Simulation and Pollution Control Peking University Beijing 100871 China occupational and environmental health {3. School of Public Health Peking University Health Science Center Beijing 100083 China

Previous studies have shown that hydroxyl radical generation is a key step in the mechanism of pathogenic process caused by airborne particles to the lung. However, there is no direct evidence for dose-response relationship between airborne particles and hydroxyl radical generation. In this study, hydroxyl radicals generated in lung alveolar macrophages exposed to quartz particles were measured using a highly sensitive capillary electrophoresis-fluorescence detection method. The results demonstrated that quartz particles induced the generation of hydroxyl radical in a dose-dependent manner, and the amount of the hydroxyl radicals was 10-10 mol/10 cells. The viability of alveolar macrophages exposed to quartz particles decreased with the increase of quartz concentration, showing a clear dose-response relationship. Hydroxyl radical scavenger mannitol could increase the viability of quartz-treated cells, suggesting that hydroxyl radical contributed directly to cell death. In this study this contribution accounted for about 5%-20% of cell death. The hydroxyl radical generating potential was found to be related to surface iron content of the quartz particles.

关键词： inhalable quartz hydroxyl radical capillary electrophoresis dose-response relationship iron.

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Effects of estrogen on gastrocnemius muscle strain injury and regeneration in female rats

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Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2004年第11期 105-110页

作者： Xin FENG, Guo-zhen LI, Sheng WANGdepartment of occupational and environmental {3., public {3. school, peking university {3. Science Center, beijing 100083. china

AIM: To study the effects of estrogen on muscle damage and regeneration after acute passive gastrocnemius muscle strain injury in female Sprague-Dawley rats. METHODS: Rats were divided into 5 groups: ovariectomized, strained and treated with low-dosage estradiol (20 μg/d) (Elow), treated with high-dosage estradiol (200 μg/d) (Ehigh), treated with oil placebo (Oil), strained with no ovariectomy (Strain), and sham operated with no strain and no ovariectomy (Con). Muscle damage index [plasma creatine kinase (CK)], antioxidant indexes [glutathione (GSH), Vitamin E (Vit E), total antioxidant capability (TAC)], and muscle regeneration index (desmin) were investigated at 7 d. RESULTS: The plasma CK activity increased but GSH, Vit E, and TAC levels decreased after muscle strain injury (Strain vs Con P<0.05). Plasma CK activity was the greatest while GSH, Vit E, and TAC were the lowest in the Oil group among the five groups (P<0.01). Plasma CK in the Ehigh and Strain groups was lower than that in the Elow group

关键词： estrogen skeletal muscle muscle injury antioxidant regeneration desmin

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Formation of Superoxide Radical and Hydrogen Peroxide Enhanced by Trinitrotoluene in Rat Liver, Brain, Kidney, and Testicle in Vitro and Monkey Liver in Vivo

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Biomedical and environmental sciences 1989年第1期2卷 72-77页

作者： KONG LINGYUAN, JIANG QUANGUAN,~2 AND QU QINGSHAN department of occupational health,{3., beijing Medical university, beijing, china department of occupational health School of Public Health Beijing Medical University China.

Trinitrotoluene (TNT) increased the formation of adrenochrome from adrenaline and the formation of formaldehyde from methanol in rat liver mitochondria and microsomes in vitro as well as in monkey liver mitrochondria and microsomes in vivo. The effects were more prominent at higher TNT concentrations. These findings indicate that TNT enhances the production of superoxide radicals (O_2^-) and hydrogen peroxide (H_2O_2). The production of O_2^- was more prominent in systems containing added TNT than in those containing added benzyl viologen. H_2O_2 production by mitochondria was more pronounced in the liver than in other organs, but its production by microsomes was more pronounced in the brain than in other organs. The results suggest that TNT undergoes cycling reduction which produces oxidative stress. 1989 Academic Press, Inc.

关键词： Brain Formation of Superoxide Radical and Hydrogen Peroxide Enhanced by Trinitrotoluene in Rat Liver Kidney and Testicle in Vitro and Monkey Liver in Vivo

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Effects of Exposure to Trinitrotoluene on Male Reproduction

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Biomedical and environmental sciences 1993年第2期6卷 154-160页

作者： LI YI, JIANG QUAN-GUAN, YAO SHOU-QI, LIU WEI, TIAN GAO-JUN,AND GUI JING-WEIdepartment of occupational health,{3., beijing Medical university, beijing ^Hebi Institute of occupational health, Henan Province Anyang Institute of occupational health, Henan Province Xinxiang Institute of occupational health, Henan Province, {13. Prof. Jiang Quan-guan, department of occupational health,{3., beijing Medical university, beijing 100083.{13.. department of occupational health School of Public Health Beijing Medical University China.

A cross-sectional study was performed in 2 plants located in Henan Province in 1990 for observing the reproductive and sexual functions of male workers exposed to trinitrotoluene (TNT). The TNT concentrations in the workplace air, except the packing site, were found to have exceeded MAC (1 mg/m3.. TNT exposed male workers complained of more sexual disorders such as impotence, the loss of libido and sexual hypoesthesia than the control group. Compared with the control group, the volume of semen and percentage of motile spermatozoawere found to have significantly decreased, and the sperm malformation incidence increased significantly in TNT exposed workers. The serum testosterone content in TNT exposed male workers was significantly decreased too.

关键词： TNT

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Impact of Long-term Exposure to Air Particulate Matter on Life Expectancy and Survival Rate of Shanghai Residents

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Biomedical and environmental sciences 2002年第3期15卷 209-214页

作者： KAN HAI-DONG1 AND CHEN BING-HENG department of environmental health,{3., Fudan university, Shanghai 20003., china department of environmental health School of Public Health Fudan University 上海 200032

Objective To evaluate the impact of long-term air particulate matter exposure on the life expectancy and survival rate of Shanghai residents. Methods Epidemiology - based exposure-response function was used for the calculation of attributable deaths to air particulate matter in Shanghai, and the effect of long-term exposure to particulate matter on life expectancy and survival rate was estimated using the life table of Shanghai residents in 1999. Results It was shown that in 1999, the long-term air particulate matter exposure caused 1.3.-1.69 years reduction of life expectancy and a decrease of survival rate for each age group of Shanghai residents. Conclusion The effect of long-term exposure to air particulate matter on life expectancy is substantial in Shanghai.

关键词： Particulate matter Life expectancy Survival rate Shanghai

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Excessive Cu and Zn affecting on distribution of the metals and activities of glycolytic and nitrogen incorporating key enzymes in mycelia of ectomycorrhizal fungi Suillus bovinus

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Journal of environmental sciences 2001年第3期13卷 337-341页

作者： HUANG Yi, TAO Shu(department of Urban and environmental sciences,{3., beijing 100871, china. 北京大学北京 100871

Concentration of copper and zinc in isolated Suillus bovinus mycelia, used nutrient solution and 0.5 mol/L EDTA mycelia washing solution were measured to investigate the distribution of heavy metals in mycelia growth in excess copper or zinc nutrient solution. Treated with zinc, most of added zinc maintained in used solution, and 9.8%/14.6% was in/on mycelia in treatment, and in treatment 2 was 3.9%/8.0% in/on mycelia. In the copper applications, copper stimulated in more than on mycelia, i.e., 25.9%/4.5% in/on mycelia in treatment, and 7%/18.8% in/on mycelia while most of copper retained in used nutrient solution. Certain amount of copper or zinc uptake by mycelia led to pronounced influence on glycolysis and nitrogen incorporating process of Suillus bovinus, while the tested enzymes kept constant in treatment. In crude extracts of copper treatment 2 mycelia, activities of HK, PFK and GS were inhibited and decrease to 63., 48% and 3.% and GIDH increased by 68% of the control, respectively. The behaviors of these tested enzymes toward zinc corresponded in general with that towards copper. The potential protection of Suillus bovinus for its host plant under excess copper or zinc threaten was discussed.

关键词： Suillus bovinus ectomycorrhizal fungous copper zinc glycolysis nitrogen incorporate enzymes

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Palaeorunoff estimations achieved from palaeoclimatic information for the southwest part of the North china Plain: an attempt to apply a climatological approach to palaeohydrology

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Journal of environmental sciences 2000年第3期12卷 330-336页

作者： WANG Hong\|ya, XIE Qiang (department of Urban and environmental sciences,{3.,beijing 100871, china) 北京大学北京 1 0 0 871

Palaeoclimatic scenario projecting annual temperature and annual precipitation is firstly formalized with data available and speculations for the southwest part of the North china Plain (3.— 3.°N, 115—119°E) during the last 25000 years. Then, with three regression equations relating annual runoff to annual precipitation and derived with data of modern hydrological and meteorological records, values of annual runoff are calculated in terms of the corresponding values of annual precipitation from this palaeoclimatic scenario for this region during this temporal interval. These results indicate that runoff is the most during 8000—3.00 a B.P. and the least during 25000—12000 a B.P.; runoff occurring during 12000—8000 a B.P. and during 3.00—0 a B.P. is less than the one occurring during 8000—3.00 a B.P. and more than the one occurring during 25000—12000 a B.P.; and the runoff occurring during 25000—12000 a B.P., 12000—8000 a B.P., and 3.00—0 a B.P. is respectively 43. 46 and 66 percent of the one occurring during 8000—3.00 a B.P. Values of bankfull discharge for palaeochannels of the Yellow River flowing in this region during the same interval are calculated from available estimates of slope of stream bed of these palaeochannels with a regression equation relating bankfull discharge to slope of stream bed and ratios of bankfull discharge are further calculated from these values for different groups of palaeochannel formed during different time spans embraced in this interval. To conduct a cross check, these values and ratios of bankfull discharge are compared to the corresponding values and ratios of runoff occurring during roughly the same time spans. The same direction and similar relative magnitude of changes of the surface water occurring in this region during the last 25000 years are indicated by these comparisons.

关键词： palaeorunoff the southwest part of the North china Plain palaeoclimate

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传染病多点触发智慧化监测预警系统关键技术专家共识

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中华医学杂志 2024年第32期104卷 2995-3009页

作者：中国医学科学院北京协和医学院群医学及公共卫生学院北京大学公共卫生学院中国疾病预防控制中心传染病管理处四川大学华西公共卫生学院中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所首都医科大学附属北京地坛医院中华医学会公共卫生分会中国医学科学院北京协和医学院群医学及公共卫生学院北京大学公共卫生学院中国疾病预防控制中心传染病管理处四川大学华西公共卫生学院中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所首都医科大学附属北京地坛医院中华医学会公共卫生分会

有效的传染病监测预警系统是公共卫生安全体系的重要组成部分, 对预防与控制传染病暴发流行至关重要, 提升监测预警能力是推动疾病预防控制事业高质量发展的当务之急。专家组结合公共卫生与预防医学、临床医学、管理学、数据科学、计算... 详细信息

有效的传染病监测预警系统是公共卫生安全体系的重要组成部分, 对预防与控制传染病暴发流行至关重要, 提升监测预警能力是推动疾病预防控制事业高质量发展的当务之急。专家组结合公共卫生与预防医学、临床医学、管理学、数据科学、计算机科学等多学科专家的研究成果与实践经验, 经过反复多轮专家研讨, 形成了传染病多点触发智慧化监测预警系统关键技术专家共识。本共识内容主要包括传染病多点触发智慧化监测预警系统的相关概念和定义, 关键技术框架, 多渠道监测预警数据来源、获取与治理, 预警方法分类, 多点触发智慧化监测预警关键流程及路径, 多点触发预警及综合研判, 预警信号响应以及预警效果评价等方面, 以期为传染病多点触发智慧化监测预警系统建设及应用提供技术参考。

关键词：传染病监测预警多点触发智慧化

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Molecular mechanism of dehydrin in response to environmental stress in plant

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2007年第3期17卷 237-246页

作者： ZHANG Yuxiu , WANG Zi and XU Jin (department of Bioengineering, school of Chemical and environmental Engineering, {3. university of Mining and Technology (beijing), beijing 100083. china department of Biology, Graduate university of Chinese Academy of sciences, beijing 100049, {3.) department of Bioengineering School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing) Beijing 100083 China department of Biology Graduate University Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

Dehydrins, known as the D-11 subgroup of late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) protein, are an immunologically distinct family of proteins, which typically accumulate in desiccation-tolerant seed embryo or in vegetative tissues in response to various environmental stresses such as drought, salinity and freezing. The existence of conservative sequences designated as K, S, and Y segments is a structural feature of dehydrins, and the K segment found in all dehydrins represents a highly conserved 15 amino acid motif (EKKGIMDKIKEKLPG) and forms an amphiphilicα-helix. According to the arrangement of these domains and clustering analysis, dehydrins are subdivided into 5 subtypes: YnSK, Kn, KnS, SKn and YnK. Different types of dehydrins are induced by different environmental stress in plants. Study results showed that dehydrins might play important protective roles under abiotic stress via a number of different mechanisms, including improving or protecting enzyme activities by the cryoprotective activity in responding to freeze/thaw or dehydration; stabilizing vesicles or other endomembrane structures by function as the membrane stabilizer during freeze induced dehydration, and preventing the membrane system from the oxidative damage induced by reactive oxygen radicals as the radical scavenger. Here, the gene expression and molecular mechanisms of dehydrin in response to stress in plants are discussed.

关键词： dehydrin stress mechanism.

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