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Pollen indication to source plants in the eastern desert of China

Science Bulletin 2005年第15期 98-107页

作者： LI Yuecong1,2, XU Qinghai2, ZHAO Yingkui3. YANG Xiaolan4, XIAO Jule1, CHEN Hui2,5 & Lü Xinmiao5 1. Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China 2. College of Resources and Environment, Hebei Normal university, Shijiazhuang 050016, China 3. department of environmental management, university of central lancashire,{3., un 4. Hebei Geography Institute, Hebei Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050011, China 5. Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China

In order to investigate the indication of major pollen types to source plants, 3. surface pollen samples are collected from 3. plant communities. The results show that diversity of pollen assemblages presents in different commu-nities. Chenopodiaceae pollen percentages are highest in Kalidium communities and Ceratoides communities (higher than 45%, average is 63.4%), but high Ephedra pollen per-centages (higher than 3.3., average is 16.5%)in Ceratoides communities make it distinguished from Kalidium communi-ties. Artemisia pollen percentages (more than 50%) are much higher than Chenopodiaceae (less than 3.%) in Artemisia Communities. Nitraria pollen percentages (higher than 2%, average is 13.6%) are highest in Nitraria communities com-pared with those in other community patterns. Tamariceae pollen percentages (higher than 2%, average is 8.6%) are highest both in Tetraena and Reaumuria communities com-pared with those in other community patterns. But in Reau-muria communities, Artemisia pollen percentages are higher than Chenopodiaceae with some other pollen types such as Gramineae, Compositae, Leguminosae; on the contrary, in Tetraena communities, Artemisia pollen percentages are less than Chenopodiaceae with few other pollen types. Calli-gonum pollen only appears in Calligonum communities (higher than 2%,average is 5%). The results of cluster analysis (CLA) and detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) show that the pollen indication to source plants can be reflected by association indices (A), over-representation in-dices (O), under-representation indices (U), R-value, the av-erage pollen percentages where parent plants are absent (Xa) and the average pollen percentages where parent plants are present (Xp). Zygophyllum, Calligonum, Tetraena, Tribulus and Tamariceae can indicate source plants very well, owing to high A scores. Artemisia, Chenopodiaceae and Gramineae have high R-values, and Nitraria, Cruciferae and sedum have high O scores, so they are over-represente

关键词： eastern desert of China pollen indication association indices (A) over-representation indices (O) under-representation indices (U) correlation coefficients (CC) similarity coefficients (C) detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) cluster analysis (CLA) ratios of Nitraria and Ephedra (N/E) ratios of Ephedra and Artemisia (E/A) ratios of Artemisia and Chenopodiaceae (A/C).

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Morphology and electrical conductivity of PACS

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2000年第3期12卷 319-324页

作者： GAO Bao\|yu\+1, LIU Zong\|gang\+2, YUE Qin\|yan\+3. ZHAO Hua\|zhang\+3.(1. department of environmental Engineering, Shandong university, Jinan 250100, China 2. environmental Monitoring Station of Huaiyin, Jinan 250022, China 3. department of Environ 山东大学山东济南 2 50 1 0 0 山东济南市槐荫区环境监测山东济南 2 50 0 2 2

Polyaluminium chlorides with sulfate ion(PACS) were prepared by using AlCl 3.6H 2O, Al(SO 4) 3.18H 2O and Na 2CO 3.as raw materials. The effects of basicity ( r ), Al 3. /SO 4 2- molar ratio and aging time on the morphology of PACS were observed by transmission electrical microscope. The influence of aging time on charge neutralization and coagulation effect of PACS was studied. The effects of basicity ( r ), Al 3. /SO 4 2- molar ratio and aging time on the electrical conductivity of PACS solution were also investigated. The experimental results show that the degree of polymerization of polyaluminium chloride(PAC) increases when SO 4 2- ion is added. The higher the basicity( r ) and the longer the aging time, the larger the size of polymer PACS. The ability of PACS neutralizing the charge on Kaolinite decreases with the increase of aging time. The electrical conductivity of PACS solution(the concentration of Al 3. ion is 0.18 mol/L) with different aging time is the function of the basicity and Al 3. /SO 4 2- molar ratios and has its maximum at r =0.5 and Al 3. /SO 4 2- =12.

关键词： coagulant PACS morphology transmission electron microscope electrical conductivity coagulation

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Local and non-local sources of airborne particulate pollution at Beijing——The ratio of Mg/Al as an element tracer for estimating the contributions of mineral aerosols from outside Beijing

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Science China Chemistry 2005年第3期48卷 253-264页

作者： HAN Lihui1, ZHUANG Guoshun1,2,3. Sun Yele1 & WANG Zifa3.1. The Center for Atmospheric environmental Study, department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal university, Beijing 100875, China 2. Center for Atmospheric Chemistry Study, department of environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan university, Shanghai 20043., China 3. LAPC/NZC, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, CAS, Beijing 100029, China The Center for Atmospheric environmental Study Department of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing China Center for Atmospheric Chemistry Study Department of Environmental Science & Engineering Fudan University Shanghai China Institute of Atmospheric Physics CAS LAPC/NZC Beijing China

A new element tracer technique has firstly been established to estimate the contri-butions of mineral aerosols from both inside and outside Beijing. The ratio of Mg/Al in aerosol is a feasible element tracer to distinguish between the sources of inside and outside Beijing. Mineral aerosol, inorganic pollution aerosol mainly as sulfate and nitrate, and organic aerosol are the major components of airborne particulates in Beijing, of which mineral aerosol accounted for 3.%―67% of total suspended particles （TSP）, 10%―70% of fine particles （PM2.5）, and as high as 74% and 90% of TSP and PM2.5, respectively, in dust storm. The sources from outside Beijing contributed 62% （3.%―86%） of the total mineral aerosols in TSP, 69% （52%―90%） in PM10, and 76% （59%―93.） in PM2.5 in spring, and 69% （52%―83.）, 79% （52%―93.）, and 45% （7%―79%） in TSP, PM10, and PM2.5, respectively, in winter, while only20% in summer and autumn. The sources from outside Beijing contributed as high as 97% during dust storm and were the dominant source of airborne particulates in Beijing. The contributions from outside Bei-jing in spring and winter are higher than those in summer, indicating clearly that it was related to the various meteorological factors.

关键词： mineral aerosol local sources non-local sources dust storm re-suspended dust element tracer technique.

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Treatment of turtle-breeding wastewater and domestic fecal sewage with soil cultivating system

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2001年第3期13卷 342-345页

作者： LAO Shan\|gen(department of environmental Engineering, Zhejiang university,Hangzhou 3.0029, China) 浙江大学浙江杭州 310029

Turtle-breeding wastewater and domestic fecal sewage were treated by means of soil cultivating system. Results indicated that more than 50% CODCr and BOD5, of wastewaters were removed, removal rates of NH4+ -N could reach about 70%-80%, but PO43. could not be removed. The thesis analyzed functional mechanisms for pollutants and put forward main elements affecting treatment efficiencies, thus provided conditions for further research.

关键词： turtle-breeding wastewater fecal sewage soil CODCr BOD5 N P

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Interaction mechanisms of organic contaminants with burned straw ash charcoal

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2010年第10期22卷 1586-1594页

作者： Wenhai Huang,Baoliang Chen department of environmental Science,Zhejiang university,Hangzhou 3.0028,China department of environmental Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310028 China

Black carbons （e.g., charcoal） have a great impact on the transport of organic contaminants in soil and water because of its strong affinity and ubiquity in the environment. To further elucidate their interaction mechanism, sorption of polar （p-nitrotoluene, m-dinitrobenzene and nitrobenzene） and nonpolar （naphthalene） aromatic contaminants to burned straw ash charcoal under different de-ashed treatments were investigated. The sorption isotherms fitted well with Freundlich equation, and the Freundlich N values were all around 0.3.-0.3., being independent of the sorbate properties and sorbent types. After sequential removal of ashes by acid treatments （HCl and HCl-HF）, both adsorption and partition were enhanced due to the enrichment of charcoal component. The separated contribution of adsorption and partition to total sorption were quantified. The effective carbon content in ash charcoal functioned as adsorption sites, partition phases, and hybrid regions with adsorption and partition were conceptualized and calculated. The hybrid regions increased obviously after de-ashed treatment. The linear relationships of Freundlich N values with the charring-temperature of charcoal or biochar （the charred byproduct in biomass pyrolysis） were observed based on the current study and the cited publications which included 15 different temperatures （100-850℃）, 10 kinds of precursors of charcoal/biochar, and 10 organic sorbates.

关键词： ash charcoal organic pollutant adsorption partition effective carbon

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Mechanisms of granular activated carbon anaerobic fluidized-bed process for treating phenols wastewater

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2002年第1期14卷 132-135页

作者： LAO Shan gen (department of environmental Engineering, Zhejiang university, Hangzhou 3.0029, China) department of environmental Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310029

Granular activated carbon (GAC) anaerobic fluidized bed reactor was applied to treating phenols wastewater. When influent phenol concentration was 1000 mg/L, volume loadings of phenol and COD Cr were 0 3. kg/(m 3.d) and 0 98 kg/(m 3.d), their removal rates were 99 9% and 96 4% respectively. From analyzing above results, the main mechanisms of the process are that through fluidizing GAC, its adsorption is combined with biodegradation, both activities are brought into full play, and phenol in wastewater is effectively decomposed. Meanwhile problems concerning gas liquid separation and medium plugging are well solved.

关键词： granular activated carbon (GAC) anaerobic fluidized bed phenol removal rate

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Estimate of ammonia transfer from Lake Dianchi water to the air

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Journal of environmental Sciences 1995年第4期7卷 478-483页

作者： Dai Shugui Zhuang Yuanyi Jin Zhaohui(department of environmental Science, Nankai university/, Tianjin 3.0071 , China)Zhang Mingshun(China environmental Protection management Cadre College,Qinhuangdao 066000 , China)

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关键词： ammonia transfer Lake Dianchi.

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Asphalt　fractions　in　airborne　particles　from　highway　traffic　and　the　accumulation　in　plants

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Journal of environmental Sciences 1996年第2期8卷 196-202页

作者： He Kebin(department of environmental Engineering, Tsinghua university, Beijing 100084,China)Hans Mosbaek Jens Chr. Tjell(department of environmental Engineering,Technical university of Dentnark, 2800 Lyngby,Denmark) Dept. of environmental Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Dept. of environmental Engineering Technical University of Denmark 2800 Lyngby Denmark

With reference to ASTM D4124, asphalt fractions, including polar aromatics (polars),naphthene aromatics (aromatics) and saturates,were characterized both in airborne particles collected in the distances of 2.0 -83.6m from the highway and in the plant samples (including grass,leaves and wheat straw) collected in the distance of 2.0 -10. 0m from the highway. In comparison to the results of diesel particulate, background plant samples and asphalt cernent samples from highway surface, it is concluded that there could be asphalt rnatters in airborne particles and asphalt makes the rnain contributions to the accumulation of the three factions mentioned above in plant species. In the ambient air,the concentrations of the three asphalt fractions are 0. 54- 3.06 ×10-3.mg polars,1. 77- 9. 50 × 10-4 mg aromatics and 0. 21- 1. 23.× 10-4 mg saturates for per cubic meter air. The percentage of bitumen in airborne particles is 1. 61%-11. 02%. In the plant samples, the concentrations are 0. 29- 3.07mg polars, 0.89- 3.89 aromatics and 0. 3.-1. 53.mg saturates for per gram dry plant materials.

关键词： asphalt airborne particle traffic pollution HPLC.

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Studies on Barriers for Promotion of Clean Technology in SMEs of China

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Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2005年第1期3卷 9-17页

作者： Peng Sizhen , Liu Yan , Shi Han 1 2 & Zhong Ping 3.1. The Administrative Centre for China’s Agenda21, Beijing 100089, China 2. Yale School of Forestry & environmental Studies, New Haven CT 06511, the U.S.A. 3. department of environmental Science and Engineering, Sichuan {3., Chengdu Sichuan 610065, China The Administrative Centre for China’s Agenda21 Beijing 100089 China Yale School of Forestry and environmental Studies New Haven CT 06511 United States department of environmental Science and Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610065 China

After more than 10 years efforts on awareness raising and promotion, the concept of cleaner production (CP) has been adopting as a strategic approach to balance economic benefits and environmental protection for China’s industries. However, it is also found that clean technology is difficult to be adopted and implemented in Chinese Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) because of certain barriers. This paper investigates these barriers among three stakeholders--governments, enterprises and experts. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was employed to prioritize the relative importance of the twenty fine-selected barriers, which were classified into four barrier categories. The findings reveal that the exterior barriers of policy and financial barriers should be stressed rather than the inner barriers of technical and managerial barriers, although they are also very important. Absence of incentives on economic policies, lax enforcement of environmental regulations and high initial capital cost were the most important barriers to adoption of Clean Technologies (CT) in China.

关键词： Cleaner Production Clean Technologies Barrier Study Small and Medium Enterprises

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Test of magnetic susceptibility and grain-size age models of loess

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2007年第11期17卷 1312-1317页

作者： Chen Yimeng1,2,3. Feng Zhaodong4 and Gong Huili1,2(1. MOE and Key Laboratory of Resources Environment and GIS of Beijing, Beijing 10003., China 2. Key Laboratory of 3. information Acquisition and Application, The Capital Normal university, Beijing 10003., China 3. department of Economics & management of Huizhou university, Huizhou 516007, China 4. Key Laboratory of Western China’s environmental Systems, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou university, Lanzhou 73.000, China) Key Laboratory of Resources Environment and GIS of Beijing Beijing 100037 China Key Laboratory of 3. information Acquisition and Application Capital Normal University Beijing 100037 China department of Economics and management Huizhou University Huizhou 516007 China Key Laboratory of Western China's environmental Systems Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China

Ages of the stratigraphic boundary MIS1/2 and MIS3.4 of the Yuanbu loess section in Linxia are used as the basis of the nodal control age. The age of MIS1/2 and MIS3.4 are obtained from the latest international research result—the climatic events recorded in the stalagmite in the Hulu Cave in Nanjing, that MIS1/2 is 11.5 kaB.P. and MIS3.4 is 59.8 kaB.P.. The ages of the two climatic events contain three nodal age control models (Model 1: 0 kaB.P.—59.8 kaB.P.; Model 2: 0 kaB.P.—11.5 kaB.P. and 11.5 kaB.P.—59.8 kaB.P.; Model 3. 11.5 kaB.P.—59.8 kaB.P.), which are used as the nodal control age separately. The deposition times of various stratigraphic horizons are calculated by using the magnetic susceptibility age model and grain-size age model, and then compared with each other. In addition, the AMS14C age, OSL age and the ages of YD and H events are compared with the ages of the corresponding horizons calculated by the three models of nodal control ages. From the analyses of lithologic characters and climatic stages it has been found that both the magnetic susceptibility age model and the grain-size age model have some defects. Because the accurate control ages are selected as the nodal points of the glacial period or interglacial period, the stratigraphic deposition times determined by the high resolution of magnetic susceptibility age model and grain-size age model approximate to the actual ages. As for the relative accuracy of the two age models, the magnetic susceptibility age model is more accurate than the grain-size age model.

关键词： loess nodal control age magnetic susceptibility age model grain-size age model test

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