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Studies on Barriers for Promotion of Clean Technology in SMEs of china

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Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2005年第1期3卷 9-17页

作者： Peng Sizhen , Liu Yan , Shi Han 1 2.& Zhong Ping 3.1. The Administrative Centre for china’s Agenda2., {2. 100089, china 2. Yale School of Forestry & {3. Studies, New Haven CT 06511, the U.S.A. 3. Department of {3. Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan 610065, china The Administrative Centre for china’s Agenda2. Beijing 100089 China Yale School of Forestry and environmental Studies New Haven CT 06511 United States Department of environmental Science and Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610065 China

After more than 10 years efforts on awareness raising and promotion, the concept of cleaner production (CP) has been adopting as a strategic approach to balance economic benefits and environmental protection for china’s industries. However, it is also found that clean technology is difficult to be adopted and implemented in Chinese Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) because of certain barriers. This paper investigates these barriers among three stakeholders--governments, enterprises and experts. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was employed to prioritize the relative importance of the twenty fine-selected barriers, which were classified into four barrier categories. The findings reveal that the exterior barriers of policy and financial barriers should be stressed rather than the inner barriers of technical and managerial barriers, although they are also very important. Absence of incentives on economic policies, lax enforcement of environmental regulations and high initial capital cost were the most important barriers to adoption of Clean Technologies (CT) in china.

关键词： Cleaner Production Clean Technologies Barrier Study Small and Medium Enterprises

Research on the multi-level intake water temperature effect of the Yalong River Jinping-I hydropower project

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2011年第S1期54卷 125-132页

作者： WU ShiYong 1,CAO Wei 1,WANG HongMei 1,SUN ShuangKe 2.&CHEN QiuWen 3.1 Ertan Hydropower Development Company,Ltd.,Chengdu 610051,china 2.2. Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,beijing 10003.,china 3.Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,beijing 100085,china Ertan Hydropower Development Company Ltd.

Based on the discussion of the multi-level intake application status of high dam reservoir,this paper takes the Jinping-I hydropower project reservoir in the Yalong River as an example,which is shaped by the highest 3.5 m high arch dam,and carries out the forecasting research on the reservoir temperature by numerical simulation and physical model *** paper studies the intake effect of withdrawing the surface warm water by the stoplog gates inlets and verifies the reliability of the mathematical model by comparative *** results show that for a high dam hydropower station,taking the appropriate multi-level intake measure can withdraw the surface warm water in the spawning season and provide a favorable environment for the fish *** technical ideas and implementation scheme are adopted in this *** can provide technical reference for the solutions of similar problems in the future and it also has important engineering significance on the research of water temperature in large deep reservoirs.

关键词： water temperature multi-level intake Jinping-I hydropower project

Effects of elevated CO_2.on growth and carbon partitioning in rice

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1998年第23期43卷 1982-1986页

作者： LIN Weihong\+1 and WANG Dali\+2.1. Department of Plant Nutrition, china Agricultural University, beijing 100094, china 2. Department of Systems Ecology, Research Center for Eco_{3. Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100085, china Department of Plant Nutrition China Agricultural University Beijing China Department of Systems Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

Rice (\%Oryza sativa\% cv. Jindao 1187) was grown in open_top chambers which contained ambient and enriched CO\-2. CO\-2.elevation stimulated rice tillering during early vegetative stage. However, panicle dry weight per plant did not change at maturity stage. Root biomass was enhanced by high CO\-2. Root / shoot ratio was increased under high CO\-2.at maturity, indicating more carbon allocation to the below_bround part in rice under high CO\-2.

关键词： CO 2 elevation growth carbon partitioning rice (\%Oryza sativa cv\%. Jindao 1187).

Process optimization of reaction of acid leaching residue of asbestos tailing and sodium hydroxide aqueous solution

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2009年第1期52卷 204-209页

作者： DU GaoXiang1,3. ZHENG ShuiLin2.& DING Hao1 1 School of Materials Science and Technology, china University of Geosciences ({2.), {2., 100083. china 2.School of Chemical and Environment Engineering, china University of Mining and Technology ({2.), {2. 100083. china 3.Hebei Qinghe Refractory Group Co. Ltd., Xingtai 054804, china School of Materials Science and Technology China University of Geosciences School of Chemical and Environment Engineering China University of Mining and Technology Hebei Qinghe Refractory Group Co. Ltd.

Silica is the major component of the acid leaching residue of asbestos tailing. The waterglass solution can be prepared by the reaction of the residue with sodium hydroxide aqueous solution. Compared to the high temperature reaction method, this process is environmental friendly and low cost. In this paper, the reaction process of the residue and the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution is optimized. The optimum reaction process parameters are as follows: the usage of sodium hydroxide is 2..4 g/100 g acid leaching residue, the reaction temperature is 90℃, the reaction time is 1 h, and the ratio of the liquid/solid is 2.0. The significance sequence of the process parameters to the alkali leaching reaction effect is the usage of sodium hydroxide > the ratio of the liquid/solid > the reaction time > the reaction temperature. The significance sequence to the leaching ratio of SiO2.is the ratio of the liquid/solid > the usage of sodium hydroxide > the reaction time > the reaction temperature. The significance sequence to the modulus of the sodium silicate is the ratio of the liquid/solid > the usage of sodium hydroxide > the reaction time > the reaction temperature. Under the optimum conditions, the leaching ratio of the SiO2.is 77.5%, and the modulus of the sodium silicate is 3.15. The XRD analysis result indicates that the major components of the alkali leaching residue are serpentine, talc, quartz and some albite.

关键词： asbestos tailing acid leaching residue sodium hydroxide process optimization

Micro-plate magnetic chemiluminescence immunoassay and its applications in carcinoembryonic antigen analysis

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Science china Chemistry 2010年第4期53卷 812-819页

作者： LI ZhiYong1, ZHANG QianYun2. ZHAO LiXia1, LI ZhenJia3. HU GuoMao3. LIN Jin-Ming2.& WANG Shan4 1State Key Laboratory of {2. Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-{2. Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100085,{3. 2.epartment of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, beijing 100084,{3. 3.2. Chemclin Biotech Co., Ltd., beijing Academy of Science and Technology, beijing 100094,{3. 4School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xianyang Normal College, Xianyang 712.00,{3. State Key Laboratory of environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing China beijing Chemclin Biotech Co. Ltd. Beijing Academy of Science and Technology Beijing China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Xianyang Normal College Xianyang China

A micro-plate magnetic chemiluminescence immunoassay was developed for rapid and high throughput detection of carcinoembryonic antigens (CEA) in human sera. This method was based on a sandwich immunoreaction of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled anti-CEA antibodies, CEA antigens, and horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated anti-CEA antibodies in mi- cro-plate. The immunomagnetic particles coated with anti-FITC antibodies were used as the solid phase for the immunoassay. The separation procedure was carried out by a magnetic plate adaptor and the luminol-hydrogen peroxide (H2.2.-HRP system was employed for the chemiluminescence detection. The proposed method combined the advantages of the micro-plate reactor and magnetic particle separation technology with the linear range of 5-2.0 ng mL·1. The detection limit of CEA was 0.61 ng mL·1. The coefficient of the variation was less than 7% and 13. for intra-assay and inter-assay precision, respectively. Compared with the commercial micro-plate chemiluminescent kit, the proposed method showed a good correlation.

关键词： micro-plate magnetic chemiluminescence immunoassay carcinoembryonic antigen tumor marker

Comparison of temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Ozone Pollution at Ground Level in the Eastern china

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Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2006年第3期4卷 51-57页

作者： Liu Houfeng1,2.1. Shandong Normal University, Jinan 2.0014, china 2. Chinese Research Academe of environmental Sciences, {2. 100012. china Shandong Normal University Chinese Research Academe of environmental Sciences

monitoring data from ozone（O3. automatic stations in three typical cities with different climatic areas in the southern and northern parts of eastern{2. are used to analyze temporal and spatial characteristics of ozone pollution at ground level. The results show that ozone pollution level has distinct regional differences and the concentration in the suburbs is higher than that in the urban areas. The seasonal variation of ozone concentration in different climatic areas is greatly affected by the variation of precipitation. Ozone concentration in Shenyang and beijing , in the temperate zone, has one perennial peak concentration, occurring in early summer, May or June. Ozone concentration in Guangzhou, in sub-tropical zone, has two peak values year round. The highest values occur in October and the secondary high value in June. The ozone season in the south is longer than that in the north. The annual average daily peak value of ozone concentrations in different climates usually occur around 3.pm. The diurnal variation range of ozone concentration declines with the increase of latitude. Ozone concentration does not elevate with the increase of traffic flow. Ozone concentration in Guangzhou has a distinct reverse relation to CO and NOx. This complicated non-linearity indicates that the equilibrium of ozone photochemical reaction has regional differences. Exceeding the rate of beijing＇s lh ozone concentration is higher than that of Guangzhou, whereas the average 8h ozone level is lower than that of Guangzhou, indicating that areas in low latitude are more easily affected by moderate ozone concentrations and longer exposure. Thus,{2. should work out standards for 8h ozone concentration.

关键词： ozone temporal and spatial characteristics 8h concentrations weekly variation

environmental characteristics of Mid-Holocene recorded by lacustrine sediments from Lake Daihai, north environment sensitive zone, china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2006年第9期49卷 968-981页

作者： SUN Qianli1,2. ZHOU Jie1, SHEN Ji3. CHEN Peng1,2. WU Feng1,2.& XIE Xiuping1,2.1. State Key Lab of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710075, china 2. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, {2. 10003., china 3. Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 2.0008, china State Key Lab of Loess and Quaternary Geology Institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xi’an China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing China

Climate proxies, such as total organic carbon and nitrogen (TOC, TN), carbonate content (CaCO3., grain-size and pollen of the sediment core retrieved from enclosed Lake Daihai which lies in the north china environment sensitive zone are analyzed to reconstruct the environment evolution of the area based on high-resolution radiocarbon chronology. The results reveal that the TOC and TN contents of the sediments correlate well with pollen percentage and pollen flux variations during the Holocene, and both reach their peak values simultaneously at 6.7―3.5 ka BP (calendar age, 7.6―3.6 ka BP). Since 6.7 ka BP, both the CaCO3.and organic matter contents of the core have simultaneous variations, and their high values also occur during 6.7―3.5 ka BP. While during 9.0―6.7 ka BP (calendar age, 10―7.6 ka BP) relatively lower level of organic matter content and pollen flux corre- spond to the higher level of carbonate content. The above relations suggest that during 6.7―3.5 ka BP, the productivity and effective precipitation were greatly improved in the lake drainage area, and this would probably strengthen the hydrodynamic conditions, enhancing organic matter, pollen and carbonate inputs from terrestrial sources. Such processes would account for the enrichment of both organic matter and carbonate in the sediments. While during 9.0―6.7 ka BP, the lower level of or- ganic matter, pollen flux but high carbonate content show depressed productivity and declined vege- tation coverage. The higher carbonate content at this stage would have probably resulted from the higher evaporation ratio of the lake water under relatively drier climate conditions. Therefore, it is in- ferred that during 6.7―3.5 ka BP, the climate was more humid with abundant rainfalls and vegetation was more flourishing in the Lake Daihai area. This can be seen as Holocene Climate Optimum (HCO). As a result, this has evident discrepancies with the traditional notion that the HCO occurs at Early Holocene or early Mid

关键词： Lake Daihai, Mid-Holocene, lacustrine sediments, environmental characteristics.

Retrieving crop leaf area index by assimilation of MODIS data into a crop growth model

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Science china Earth Sciences 2010年第5期53卷 721-730页

作者： WANG DongWei1,2.3. WANG JinDi1,2.& LIANG ShunLin4 1 State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Jointly Sponsored by beijing Normal University and Institute of Remote Sensing Applications, CAS, beijing 100875, china 2.School of Geography, beijing Key Laboratory of environmental Remote Sensing and Digital City, beijing Normal University, beijing 100875, china 3.Haihe River Water Conservancy Commission, Tianjin 3.0170, china 4 Department of Geography, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 2.742. USA State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science Jointly Sponsored by Beijing Normal University and Institute of Remote Sensing Applications CAS Beijing China School of Geography Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Remote Sensing and Digital City Beijing Normal University Beijing China Haihe River Water Conservancy Commission Tianjin China Department of Geography University of Maryland College Park USA

Leaf area index (LAI) is an important parameter in monitoring crop growth. One of the methods for retrieving LAI from remotely sensed observations is through inversion of canopy reflectance models. Many model inversion methods fail to account for variable LAI values at different crop growth stages. In this research, we use the crop growth model to describe the LAI changes with crop growth, and consider a priori LAI values at different crop growth stages as constraint information. The key approach of this research is to assimilate multiple canopy reflectance values observed at different growth stages and a priori LAI values into a coupled crop growth and radiative transfer model sequentially using a variational data assimilation algorithm. Adjoint method is used to minimize the cost function. Any other information source can be easily incorporated into the inversion cost function. The validation results show that the time series of MODIS canopy reflectance can greatly reduce the uncertainty of the inverted LAI values. Compared with MODIS LAI product at Changping and Shunyi Counties of beijing, this method has significantly improved the estimated LAI temporal profile.

关键词： inversion leaf area index crop growth model time series MODIS

Sea-salt aerosol transport patterns over the Northern Hemisphere inferred from two subarctic ice core records

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第4期48卷 576-584页

作者： YAN Yuping1,2. KANG Shichang2.3.5, SUN Junying4,5, Paul A. Mayewski2.& QIN Dahe5 1. National Climate Center, china Meteorological Administration, {2. 100081, china 2. Climate Change Institute, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA 3. Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, {2. 100085, china 4. Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, {2. 100081, china 5. Key Laboratory of Ice Core and Cold Regions Environment, Cold and Arid environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 73.000, china National Climate Center China Meteorological Administration Beijing China Climate Change Institute University of Maine Orono ME USA Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Key Laboratory of Ice Core and Cold Regions Environment Cold and Arid Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Beijing China

Atmospheric circulation reconstruction based on glaciochemical records requires knowledge of chemical concentration controls, such as source, transport pathway and strength. To gain insight into these processes, the relationships between glaciochemical records from two Northern Hemisphere sites (Mt. Logan in Yukon Territory and 2.D in southern Greenland) and instrumental sea level pressure (SLP) series are investigated. Calibrations between Mt. Logan sea-salt sodium (ssNa+) concentration and SLP series show that ssNa+ concentrations are closely correlated with the autumntime (SON) Aleutian Low and the summertime (JJA) North Pacific Subtropical High. Both the deepened Aleutian Low and enhanced North Pacific Sub- tropical High strengthen the transport of sea-salt aerosols from the North Pacific to the Mt. Logan region. Calibrations between 2.D ssNa+ concentrations and SLP series indicate that ssNa+ concentrations are closely related to the wintertime (Jan.) Icelandic Low. A deepening of the Icelandic Low strengthens winter storms and frequent cyclogenesis over the North Atlantic and pushes more sea-salt laden air masses to the Greenland ice sheet. Therefore, ice core ssNa+ records from the Mt. Logan region can be considered as a proxy for reconstructing the au- tumntime Aleutian Low and summertime North Pacific Subtropical High, and the ssNa+ records from Greenland ice core (2.D) may provide a proxy for reconstructing the wintertime Icelandic Low.

关键词： sea-salt aerosol, ice core records, sea level pressure, subarctic regions.