检索结果-南通市图书馆

Journal of environmental Sciences 1999年第3期11卷 344-349页

作者： Bill Hillier bartlett school of {2. Studies, University {3. london, Gower Street, london wc1e 6bt, U.K. e\|mail:b.hillier@ucl.ac.uk University college london 英国

This paper proposes that in addition to urban research which seeks to provide answers to policy questions, there is also a need for research which directly addresses the physical and spatial complexity of the built environment itself, and explores any effects it may in itself have on the functioning of the urban system. This type of research reflects the questions architects and urban designers typically ask, rather than those that preoccupy planners. For such research to be effective, the physical complexity variable must be controlled at the level at which real design decisions are made. “Space syntax” research attempts to do this by treating built environments as systems of space, analysing them “configurationally”, and trying to bring to light their underlying patterns and structures. Results from space syntax research into many aspects of urban space and how it works show a consistency which suggests that analysing spacial structure can be a general means of investigating the structure and function of cities. It may, in effect, be the common language of the city.

关键词： space syntax urban system london.

Life cycle assessment for the "implicit" environmental impact of construction projects

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2009年第3期21卷 167-171页

作者： Xiao-gen Shuai1,2.Hui-qiang Li1,2.Li Tang1,3.. school of Civil engineering and Mechanics,Huazhong University of Science & Technology,Wuhan 43.074 2. Hubei Key Laboratory of Control Structure,Huazhong University of Science & Technology,Wuhan 43.074,China 3. bartlett school of graduate study,University college {3.,london wc1e 6bt,uk. school of Civil engineering and Mechanics Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China Hubei Key Laboratory of Control Structure Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China bartlett school of {2. {3. University College London London WC1E 6BT United Kingdom

The paper has established an assessment system and a quantitative calculation method of the 'implicit' environmental impact including environmental impact indicator,resources consumption indicator and energy consumption indicator. The quantitative calculation of the environmental impact indicator is based on the life cycle assessment system and the evaluation software BeeS. The paper identifies normalization reference values and weights for 12.categories of the environmental impact. It also analyzes the environmental impact indicator in life cycle stages,raw materials,transportation,manufacturing,utilization,and end of life. A university refectory project is studied. The result has shown that human health,global warming and acidification are the first three environmental impacts in 12.categories. The environmental impact indicator per m2.of this project is 18.448×10-2.standard human equivalent weight. Moreover,97.3. of the total environmental impact occurs at the raw material stage,in which the most severe environmental impact is cancerous health effect; the global warming is the main impact at the transportation and manufacturing stages; the indoor air quality impact is at the usage stage.

关键词： life cycle assessment environmental impact implicit environmental impact BeeS software

Application of Sediment Traps in Global Change Research in Mountain Lakes

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Mountain Science 2009年第3期6卷 228-239页

作者： G. R. KATTeL environmental Change Research Centre (eCRC) Department of GeographyUniversity College London Murray-Darling Freshwater Research Centre Brian Grogan Building La Trobe University

Representativity of biota in the biosphere also have similar significance in the lithosphere after their death. Recently, taphonomic representation of biota in the lithosphere has been widely used for minimizing the biases in palaeo-environmental reconstructions including global climate change. In September 2.01, a sediment trap was installed at the central area of the Loch Coire Fionnaraich （LCFR）, a small, oligotrophic mountain loch in northwest Scotland for a taphonomic study of cladoceran zooplankton. The trap was emptied on a seasonal basis, where an average 0.14 g dry material was recovered in each season, January, May and August 2.02.respectively. A sediment core was also taken from near the sediment trap location. The top 0.5 cm section, the ＇core＇ was used for a comparative study with the trap sediment samples. The planktonic Cladocera consisted of Bosmina coregoni and appeared to have excellent preservation in the trap assemblages. Moreover, some common littoral Cladocera such as Alonella excisa and Aloha guttata appear to be less well preserved in the fossil assemblages. Large littoral taxa such as eurycercus lamellatus and Aloha quadrangularis were rare in the trap but relatively common and well preserved in the sediment-water interface. It is suggested that taphonomic processes play a dominant role on deposition of fossil remains of Cladocera and caution should be taken while inferring the past environmental changes whilst using fossil assemblages recovered from the lake centre as a representation of the entire cladoceran community in the lake.

关键词： Cladocera mountain lakes taphonomy representativity sediment trap core-top Loch CoireFionnaraich Scotland

Formal Verification under Unknown Constraints

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences 2005年第1期10卷 43-46页

作者： LI Guang-hui 1,2.3., LI Xiao-wei 2.3.. {2. of Information engineering, Zhejiang Forestry college, Hangzhou 3.13.0, Zhejiang, China 2. Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China 3. graduate {2. of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10003., China school of Information engineering Zhejiang Forestry College Hangzhou 311300 Zhejiang China

We present a formal method of verifying designs with unknown constraints (e.g., black boxes) using Boolean satisfiability (SAT). This method is based on a new encoding scheme of unknown constraints, and solves the corresponding conjunctive normal form (CNF) ***,this method can avoid the potential memory explosion, which the binary decision diagram (BDD) based techniques maybe suffer from, thus it has the capacity of verifying large designs. experimental results demonstrate the efficiency and feasibility of the proposed method.

关键词： formal verification unknown constraints black box Boolean satisfiability Boolean comparison

On conformal measures for infinitely renormalizable quadratic polynomials

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Science China Mathematics 2005年第10期48卷 1411-1420页

作者： HUANG Zhiyong~1 JIANG Yunping~(2.3. & WANG Yuefei~3.1. {2. of Information,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872.China 2. Department of Mathematics,Queens college,City University of New York,NY 113.7,USA Department of Mathematics,graduate {2.,City University of New York,New York,NY 10016,USA 3. Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100080,China 1. school of Information Renmin University of China 100872 Beijing China 2. Department of Mathematics Queens College City University of New York 11367 NY USA 3. Department of Mathematics Graduate School City University of New York 10016 New York NY USA 4. Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science Chinese Academy of Sciences 100080 Beijing China

We study a conformal measure for an infinitely renormalizable quadratic polynomial. We prove that the conformal measure is ergodic if the polynomial is unbranched and has complex bounds. The main technique we use in t... 详细信息

关键词： Julia set, conformal measure, three-dimensional puzzle, infinitely renormalizable quadratic polynomial.

Spatial heterogeneity of the driving forces of cropland change in China

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Science China earth Sciences 2005年第12期48卷 2231-2240页

作者： LIU Xuhua1,2. WANG Jinfeng1, LIU Mingliang4,1 & MeNG Bin1,2.3.1. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China 2. graduate {2. of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10003., China 3. college of Arts and Sciences of Beijing Union University, Beijing 100083. China 4. {2. of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, AL3.849, USA 1. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences 100101 Beijing China 2. graduate school of the Chinese Academy of Sciences 100039 Beijing China 3. school of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences Auburn University Auburn AL36849 Alabama USA 4. college of Arts and Sciences of Beijing Union University 100083 Beijing China

By using digital satellite remote sensing data acquired in 1987―1989 and 1999―2.00 and GIS combined with the natural and socio-economic data, this paper drew an integrated zonation of the cropland change and its driving forces in China. The results indicated that the cropland change in the study period was constrained by geographical factors and driven by cli-mate change as well as socio-economic system. Moreover, the regional differences of the drivers for cropland change were significant. In the midwest of China, natural condition changes and geographical background were the main constraints and drivers, while in eastern China, social and economic changes and economic policies were the main driving forces. The cropland loss was nationwide. The dominant factors to cause this decrease included buildup of developing area to attract foreign capital and technologies, changes of industry structure due to urban in-fluence, the change of employment notions thanks to living standard improvement, rapid ur-banization due to the expansion of cities and towns, the diminished farming net income partly because of the global warming effects, and the rapid economic growth stimulated by the con-venient transportation system. These factors interact and interdepend with each other to cause the cropland loss in China recently. The reasons for the increase of cropland were primarily the cultivation and deforestation by the farmers who want to increase income. This study on the mechnism of LUCC relied on the cropland change integrated classification considering the natural or human factors both inside and outside the region, which provides a new approach to study the integrated regionalization and LUCC mechanism.

关键词： land use change, driving force, integrated classification, spatial statistics, cropland, China.

electron microscopy study of the sakhaite from endogenous borate deposit in Hunan, China

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Science China earth Sciences 2004年第3期47卷 232-238页

作者： LIU Xiangwen1,2. YANG Guangming2. ZOU Huamin3. QU Jing1 & ZHAO Wenxia4 1. graduate {2., China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 43.074, China 2. Test Center, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 43.074, China 3. Physics and Technology college, Wuhan University, Wuhan 43.072. China 4. Test Center, Zhongshan University, Guangzhou 5102.5, China China Univ Geosci Grad Sch Wuhan 430074 Peoples R China China Univ Geosci Test Ctr Wuhan 430074 Peoples R China Wuhan Univ Phys & Technol Coll Wuhan 430072 Peoples R China Zhongshan Univ Test Ctr Guangzhou 510275 Peoples R China

Sakhaite specimens from an endogenous borate deposit in Hunan Province, China have been studied in detail by means of transmission electron microscopy (TeM). The selected area electron diffraction (SAeD) patterns obtained with different crystal zone axes show that the crystal system is cubic, with a = 1.463.nm. The convergent beam electron diffraction (CBeD) patterns indicate that the point group and space group of sakhaite is m3. and Fd3., respec-tively. The space group of synthetic sakhaite determined by Chichagov (1974) is F413.. The possible reasons why the space groups of the natural and the synthetic sakhaites are different are discussed.

关键词： sakhaite, space group, convergent beam electron diffraction (CBeD).

Relationship between surface subsidence factor and mining depth of strip pillar mining

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 2011年第S3期21卷 594-598页

作者： GUO Wen-bing1, 2. HOU Quan-lin 1, ZOU You-feng2.1. college of earth Science, graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China 2. {2. of energy Science and engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China Chinese Acad Sci Coll Earth Sci Grad Univ Beijing 100049 Peoples R China Henan Polytech Univ Sch Energy Sci & Engn Jiaozuo 454000 Peoples R China

Strip pillar mining is one of the most important technical measures to control mining subsidence in China. Mining depth is one of the most important factors that can affect the mining subsidence in strip pillar mining. Six numerical simulation models were set up to simulate the surface subsidence of strip pillar mining in different mining depths. The mining depth in these six models ranges from 3.0 to 800 m. The simulated results were compared and analyzed. The formula was established based on the simulated results. It demonstrated that the subsidence of strip pillar mining method is related to mining depth. While the other conditions are the same, the subsidence of strip pillar mining increases with the increase of mining depth by logarithmic relationship.

关键词： subsidence factor strip pillar mining mining depth numerical simulation

Analysis and Modeling on the Spatial Structure of Urban Land Use: A Case of Jinan, China

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and environment 2007年第2期5卷 34-40页

作者： Zhao Huixia1, 3. Zhang Zulu2. Jiang Luguang 1 1. Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China 2. college of Population, Resources and environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan Shandong 2.0014, China 3. graduate school of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10003., China Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China graduate school of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China college of Population Resources and Environment Shandong Normal University Jinan Shandong 250014 China

Based on the data of urban land use obtained by remote sensing interpretation from aero images in 1986 and 2.04, the spatial structure of Jinan is studied in this paper with the method of Geographic Information System (GIS). According to the proportion of land for residence, industry and commerce, the urban district can be distinguished into three rings. Compared with the traditional theory of the ring structure in Western coun- tries, they have many distinctive characteristics. The main func- tions of the inner ring include residence, business and banking, but the proportion of residential land (more than 50%) is considerably higher than that of the cities in Western countries. The land proportion for residence and industry in the intermediate ring is equal on the whole. The main land of the outside ring is for industrial use. From 1986 to 2.04, great changes have taken place on the land proportion of different types of use. In the inner ring, the land for residential and industrial use has shrunk much while the land for commercial use has increased. In the intermediate ring, the changes of the three types of land use were not very much and the temporal variation was relatively stable. On the contrary, the structure in the outside ring varies acutely. Though most of it is also for industrial use, the proportion of residential land has in- creased much. The three rings can also be divided into several sectors respectively, according to the function of land use clusters. New trends and mechanisms of the changes of land use impacting the urban structure were proposed in the end of the paper.

关键词： urban land use ring structure sector structure Jinan

Dynamic learning rates algorithm for BPNN to forecast time series of dam security

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2007年第12期17卷 1527-1530页

作者： Hu Daiping1, Wu Ruiming1, Lei Aizhong1 and Wang Qi2.1. Antai college of economics & Management, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 2.0052. China 2. graduate {2., Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 73.000, China) Antai college of economics & Management Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai 200052 China graduate school Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China

Time series data of dam security have a large number of observed values and should be forecasted accurately in time. Neural networks have the powerful approach ablilities of arbitrary functions and have been broadly utilized in many domains. In this paper, a dynamic learning rate training algorithm of back-propagation neural networks for time series forecasting is proposed and the networks with this algorithm are built to forecast time series of dam security. The application results demonostrate the efficiency of modelling and the effictiveness of forecasting.

关键词： neural network dynamic learning rate forecasting dam security.