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Development of a model to generate a risk map in a building fire

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2010年第10期53卷 2739-2747页

作者： CHU YanYan, ZHANG Hui, SHEN ShiFei, YANG Rui & QIAO LiFeng Center for Public Safety Research, Department of Engineering physics, Tsinghua University, beijing 100084,{2. Center for Public Safety Research Department of Engineering Physics Tsinghua University Beijing China

Fire simulations and sensors are widely used in building fires,various data such as temperature,CO and CO2.concentration,visibility can be obtained by sensors and sensor-based simulation. It is important to generate a risk map based on such data so that we can use it to estimate safety of the building. In this paper,we propose a method to generate a dynamical,integrated risk map using sensor readings in a building fire. Such risk evaluation model is developed using similarity comparison between the space state and dangerous state by a likelihood distance calculating and data grouping from a two-step cluster method. The risk evaluation model considers the integrated influence on the occupants in the zone from high temperature,lack of oxygen,toxic and harmful gases and shows the relative fire risk map at certain time. Based on the simulation study,it is proved that multi-factor fire risk analysis would be more objective and accurate than single factor and two-factor risk analysis and the fire risk evaluation model can generate a risk map and provide the classification information and the whole building risk statistic results to support evacuation command and control.

关键词： building fire risk map cluster analysis fire simulation

Homogenized Daily Mean/Maximum/Minimum Temperature Series for china from 1960-2.08

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Homogenized Daily Mean/Maximum/Minimum Temperature Series fo...

第2.届中国气象学会年会气候变化分会场

作者： LI Zhen1,2.and YAN Zhong-Wei1 1Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment in Temperate East Asia, Institute of Atmospheric physics, chinese {2. of Sciences, {3. 10002., china 2.raduate University of chinese {2. of Sciences, {3. 100049, china

Inhomogeneities in the daily mean/maximum/minimum temperature （Tm/Tmax/Tmin） series from 1960-2.08 at 549 National Standard Stations （NSSs） in china were analyzed by using the Multiple Analysis of Series for Homogenization （MASH） software package. Typical biases in the dataset were illustrated via the cases of beijing （BJ）, Wutaishan （WT）, ürümqi （UR） and Henan （HN） stations. The homogenized dataset shows a mean warming trend of 0.2.1/0.19{2.0.{2.4oC/decade for the annual series of Tm/Tmax/Tmin, slightly smaller than that of the original dataset by 0.006/0.009/0.007oC/decade. However, considerable differences between the adjusted and original datasets were found at the local scale. The adjusted Tmin series shows a significant warming trend almost everywhere for all seasons, while there are a number of stations with an insignificant trend in the original dataset. The adjusted Tm data exhibit significant warming trends annually as well as for the autumn and winter seasons in northern china, and cooling trends only for the summer in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and parts of central china and for the spring in southwestern china, while the original data show cooling trends at several stations for the annual and seasonal scales in the Qinghai, Shanxi, Hebei, and Xinjiang provinces. The adjusted Tmax data exhibit cooling trends for summers at a number of stations in the mid-lower reaches of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers and for springs and winters at a few stations in southwestern china, while the original data show cooling trends at three/four stations for the annual/autumn periods in the Qinghai and Yunnan provinces. In general, the number of stations with a cooling trend was much smaller in the adjusted Tm and Tmax dataset than in the original dataset. The cooling trend for summers is mainly due to cooling in August. The results of homogenization using MASH appear to be robust;in particular, different groups of stations with consideration of elevation led to m

关键词： daily mean/maximum/minimum temperature series homogenization china MASH climate trend

Positions and Spectral energy Distributions of 41 Star Clusters in M3.

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chinese Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2002年第3期2卷 197-206页

作者： Jun Ma, Xu Zhou, Jian-Sheng Chen, Hong Wu, Zhao-Ji Jiang, Sui-Jian Xue and Jin ZhuNational Astronomical Observatories, chinese academy of Sciences, {2. 100012 National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100012

We present accurate positions and multi-color photometry for 41 star clusters detected by Melnick & D'odorico in the nearby spiral galaxy M3. as a part of the BATC Color Survey of the sky in 13.intermediate-band filters from 3.00 to 10 000 A. The coordinates of the clusters are found from the HST Guide Star Catalog. By aperture photometry, we obtain the spectral energy distributions of the clusters. Using the relations between the BATC intermediate-band system and UBVRI broadband system, we derive their V magnitudes and B - V colors and find that most of them are blue, which is consistent with previous findings.

关键词： galaxies: individual (M3.) - galaxies: evolution - galaxies: star clusters

The significance of lake sediments geochemistry in environmental reconstruction of south Hongshan Lake, northwestern Tibetan Plateau during the past 150 years

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2000年第3期10卷 65-71页

作者： CHEN Ling, ZHU Li-ping, ZHANG Qing-song (Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, chinese academy of Sciences, {2. 100101,{3.)

A 107cm piston-core (SHC-2. was drilled at the site with water depth of 5m in South Hongshan Lake, northwest Tibet in 1998. Based upon the 0.72.m/a of modern sedimentary rate that was tested by 2.0Pb method and also calibrated by 13.Cs method as well as the 1cm interval sample cutting level, a lake sedimentary record of 150-yr old and with a resolution of 1.4 yrs was obtained. Ratio of geochemistry contents (TOC, TN, CaCO3. and concentrations of trace elements such as B, Sr, Ba, Ca, Mg, K, Na, Al, Ti, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Ni, Cr, V, Pb, etc were analyzed. The values of TOC, TN, C/N, CaCO3. Sr/Ba and Fe/Mn had clear environmental significance and well reflected the environmental changes. Geochemical multi-proxies of lacustrine sediments from SHC-2.core showed that the environmental changes in this area during the past 150 years could be reconstructed as follows: Stage 1 (1850s-1880s) was a cold period; Stage 2.(1880s-192.s) was a warm period. But the variation of lake water volume was stable in the two periods. Stage 3.(192.s-1950s) was a fluctuant and transitional period in temperature, but there were a short cold period in the 192.s and a warm period in the 193.s. Stage 4 (1950s-) showed a warming tendency, though there existed a cold period from the mid 1970s to the end of the 1980s. In the view of general trend in the past 150 years, South Hongshan Lake was shrinking gradually. It showed that, from the comparison with the Guliya ice core and meteorological records of adjacent weather stations, there is difference in the variations of temperature and precipitation among different regions and altitudes in Tibetan Plateau. It is necessary to search multi-scale and high-resolution records for environmental reconstruction and comparison.

关键词： Kunlun Mts. south Hongshan Lake lake sediments geochemistry environmental changes

Re-Os isotopic composition of the Dongling ⅢCD iron meteorite

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chinese Science Bulletin 2001年第6期46卷 518-520页

作者： SUN Weidong, DU Andao, YANG Gang, XIE Zhi & CHEN JiangfengDeparlmenl of Earth and Space Sciences, Laboratory tor Chemical Geodynamics. University of Science and Technology of china, Hefei 2.1}02.. china:Institute of Rock and Mineral Analysis, chinese {3. of Geological Sciences. beijing 10003., china Department of Earth and Space Sciences Laboratory for Chemical Geodynamics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China Institute of Rock and Mineral Analysis Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing China

Re, Os concentrations and Os isotopic compositions of the Dongling ⅢCD iron meteorite were determined by N-TIMS technique. The result was compared with that of the other irons and chondrites. The Re and Os concentrations of the Dongling iron meteorite were plotted on the trends of the group ⅢA and ⅣA irons. The Pt-Os relation of the Dongling iron meteorite is similar to that of the group ⅡA irons. That suggests a higher fractionation for the Dongling iron meteorite.

关键词： Dongling iron meteorite Re-Os isotopes N-TIMS.

Longitudinal modulation of the O/N2.column density retrieved from TIMED/GUVI measurement

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Longitudinal modulation of the O/N2 column density retrieved...

中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所第十届(2.10年度)学术年会

作者： Maosheng He,Libo Liu,Weixing Wan,Jiuhou Lei,and Biqiang Zhao 1 beijing National Observatory of Space Environment,Institute of Geology and Geophysics,{2. {3. of Sciences,beijing,china. 2.Graduate University,{2. {3. of Sciences,beijing, china. 3.Aerospace Engineering Sciences,University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder,Colorado,USA.

[1]The longitudinal variation of thermospheric O/N column density ratio is studied,based on the TIMED/GUVI measurements collected during *** October,a four-peaked longitudinal fluctuation in O/N is *** wavenumber-4 fluctuation in equatorial O/N is generally stronger at lower solar activity,and maximizes in the morning of boreal summer and *** boreal winter,the wavenumber-4 component gives way to the wavenumber-3. Such seasonal variation and solar activity dependence are consistent with those of the diurnal eastward-propagating mode with wavenumber-3.but the local time dependence is *** daytime wavenumber-4 pattern in O/N does not shift eastward in local time as expected if it is directly connected to the *** definite explanation is found for this structure,but a consideration of various mechanisms suggests that the vertical wind effect may be the most potential candidate.

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Flavonoid quercetin protects the neurovascular unit in the Aβ2.-3.-induced amnesia model:consideration for novel strategy for Alzheimer's disease

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Flavonoid quercetin protects the neurovascular unit in the A...

中国药理学会第十一次全国学术会议

作者： LIU Rui~(1,2.,WU Cai-xia~(1,2.,ZHANG Tian-tai~(1,2.,ZHANG Li~(1,2., LAN Xi~(1,2.,LI Lin~3.DU Guan-hua~(1,2. (1.National Centre for Pharmaceutical Screening,Institute of Materia Medica,chinese {2. of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College,beijing 100050,{3. 2.beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research,Institute of Materia Medica,chinese {2. of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College,beijing 100050,{3. 3.Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University,beijing 100053.{3.)

OBJECTIVE In the absence of a cure for Alzheimer’s disease(AD),development of preventative and therapeutical medications for this disease is particularly *** flavonoid quercetin has demonstrated protective effects against Aβ-induced toxicity on both neurons and endothelial cells,but whether there is an effect on the neurovascular coupling or the related mechanism is *** the present study,we aimed to investigate the anti-amnesic effects of quercetin and explore the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Mice were given an intracerebroventricular injection of Aβ.Quercetin was dissolved in saline administrated orally for 8 *** Morris Water Maze(MWM) training began on the 3.day of quercetin treatment,and mice of each group were trained for five consecutive days;on the 9th day of quercetin treatment,a single probe trial was *** step-through positive avoidance test was performed on the 8 day and 9 day in parallel to the MWM *** regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF) was monitored before the Aα injection and on seven consecutive *** of each group were sacrificed and cerebral cortices were isolated on the 9 *** effects of quercetin on NVU integrity,microvascular function,cholinergic neuronal changes,and the modification of BNDF,p-ERK and p-CREB levels were *** Our results suggested that oral administrations of quercetin conferred robust anti-amnesic effects and neurovascular coupling protection in Aβ-induced amnesic *** these effects,treatment with quercetin at 10 mg·kg,2. mg·kg or 40 mg·kg had a significant group effect on step-through latency and error times during retention trials in the step-through positive avoidance ***,the escape latency of 2. mg·kg quercetin-administrated mice significantly declined from day 4,and the escape latencies in the quercetin 10 mg·kg and 40 mg·kg groups declined in Day *** the quercetin 2. mg·kg group,major components of neurovascular unit were maintained by the increased fluoresc

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease Amyloidβpeptide Blood-brain barrier Neurovascular unit Natural product

Linear theory of the response of Na mixing ratio to gravity waves

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chinese Science Bulletin 2003年第15期48卷 1630-1633页

作者： XU Jiyao, JI Qiao & WU Mingliang Laboratory for Space Weather, Center for Space Science and Applied Research, chinese academy of Sciences, {2. 100080,{3. Correspondence should be addressed to Xu Jiyao (e-mail: xurrjy@ ***) Laboratory for Space Weather Center for Space Science and Applied Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China

The influence of gravity waves on the sodium layer is studied by using a linear photochemical-dynamical coupling gravity wave model. The model includes the background photochemistry and the photochemical reactions in the sodium layer. The amplitude and phase difference of the response of sodium mixing ratio to gravity waves are calculated. The results indicate that the lower part of sodium layer is the most sensitive region responding to gravity waves. The perturbation of sodium mixing ratio is in phase with temperature in the lower part of the layer. However, it is out of phase with temperature fluctuation in the upper part.

关键词：线性理论钠重力波光化学大气层

Based on the Covariance and Coherency Matrix for SAR Sea Oil Spill Observation

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Based on the Covariance and Coherency Matrix for SAR Sea Oil...

2.11 CIE International Conference on Radar(RADAR 2.11)

作者： Bing Duan 1 2.Jinsong Chong 1 1 National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Microwave Imaging Institute of Electronics chinese academy of Sciences {2. 100190 {3. 2.Graduate University of chinese academy of Sciences {2. 100049 {3.

In this study a method to enhance sea oil spill observation using covariance and coherency matrix with quad-polarized synthetic aperture radar （SAR） is proposed. The proposed formula is used to differentiate the bac... 详细信息

关键词： Oil Spills Covariance Matrix Coherency Matrix Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)