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A land surface model incorporated with soil freeze/thaw and its application in GAME/Tibet

science china Earth sciences 2006年第12期49卷 1311-1322页

作者： HU Heping1, YE Baisheng2. ZHOU Yuhua3.& TIAN Fuqiang1 1. department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, {2. 100084, china 2. Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of {3.s, Lanzhou 73.000, china 3. department of Civil Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of technology, USA 1. department of Hydraulic Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China 2. Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China 3. department of Civil Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology USA

Land surface process is of great importance in global climate change, moisture and heat exchange in the interface of the earth and atmosphere, human impacts on the environment and eco- system, etc. Soil freeze/thaw plays an important role in cold land surface processes. In this work the diurnal freeze/thaw effects on energy partition in the context of GAME/Tibet are studied. A sophisti- cated land surface model is developed, the particular aspect of which is its physical consideration of soil freeze/thaw and vapor flux. The simultaneous water and heat transfer soil sub-model not only reflects the water flow from unfrozen zone to frozen fringe in freezing/thawing soil, but also demon- strates the change of moisture and temperature field induced by vapor flux from high temperature zone to low temperature zone, which makes the model applicable for various circumstances. The modified Picard numerical method is employed to help with the water balance and convergence of the numerical scheme. Finally, the model is applied to analyze the diurnal energy and water cycle char- acteristics over the Tibetan Plateau using the Game/Tibet datasets observed in May and July of 1998. Heat and energy transfer simulation shows that: (i) There exists a negative feedback mechanism between soil freeze/thaw and soil temperature/ground heat flux; (ii) during freezing period all three heat fluxes do not vary apparently, in spite of the fact that the negative soil temperature is higher than that not considering soil freeze; (iii) during thawing period, ground heat flux increases, and sensible heat flux decreases, but latent heat flux does not change much; and (iv) during freezing period, soil temperature decreases, though ground heat flux increases.

关键词： land surface model,soil freeze/thaw,GAME/Tibet,simultaneous liquid,vapor and heat transfer.

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A TTCN-3.based protocol testing system and its extension

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science in china(Series F) 2008年第11期51卷 1703-1722页

作者： YIN Xia1,3.WANG ZhiLiang2.3.JING ChuanMing1,3.& SHI XinGang2.3.1 department of Computer science and {2.,Tsinghua University,{3. 100084,china 2.Network Research center,Tsinghua University,{3. 100084,china 3.Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information science and {2.(TNList) ,{3. 100084,china 1. department of Computer science and{2. Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China 3. ]Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information science and {2. (TNList) Beijing 100084 China 2. Network Research center Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

The protocol testing technology used in the next generation Internet should satisfy some new challenges and requirements. This paper focuses on the test suite description and test implementation techniques. TTCN-3.is chosen as the test suite description language and extended in both syntax and semantics to satisfy the requirements of protocol robustness testing. PITSv3. a protocol integrated testing system based on TTCN-3. is developed, and the extensions for robustness testing are implemented. Finally, two practical test applications are presented.

关键词： protocol testing TTCN-3 PITSv3 robustness testing

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A template of rat brain based on fMRI T2. imaging

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Progress in Natural science:Materials International 2005年第6期15卷 502-506页

作者： HU Zhenghui1, WU Yigen2. WANG Xiaochuan3. WANG Jianzhi3. CHEN Feiyan1 and TANG Xiaowei1*(1. {2. of Physics and Bio-X Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 3.002., china 2. Institute of High Energy Physics and Key Laboratory of Nuclear Analysis Techniques, Chinese Academy of {2.s,{3. 10003., china 3. {2. of Pathophysiology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of {2. and {12., Wuhan 43.03., china) department of Physics and Bio-X Laboratory Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China Institute of High Energy Physics and Key Laboratory of Nuclear Analysis Techniques Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China department of Pathophysiology Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 China

The development of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technology has made it possible to carry out functional brain imaging experiments in small animals. Usually, group data is required to form the assessment of population, which can not only increase the sensitivity of the overall experiment, but also allow the generalization of the conclusion to the whole population. In order to average the signals of functional brain images from different subjects, it is necessary to put all the mapping images into the same standard space (template image). However, up to now, most animal brain templates remain unavailable and it must be done by ourselves. In this study, a template image based on the brains of eight male Wistar rats is obtained, and it is successfully used in our present Alzheimer disease (AD)-like rat model studies as template for spatially normalizing images to the same stereotaxical space. The fMRI results processed with statistical parametric mapping (SPM99) software are in agreement with the results from immunohistochemical experiment, which proves that this method is universally applicable to the pathologic models of other small animals and to human brain lesion studies.

关键词： fMRI animal model atlas template normalization T*2.

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Electronic structure and magnetism of R(Fe,Si)_(12. (R=Y,Nd)

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science china(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2006年第2期49卷 195-202页

作者： SUN Guang’ai1, CHEN Bo1, DU Honglin2. FAN Zhijian1, GAO Tao3.& QI Xinhua3.. Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry,{2. Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 62.900,{2. 2. {2. of physics, Peking university, {3. 100871,{2. 3. Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065,{2. 1. Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry China Academy of Engineering Physics Mianyang 621900 China 2. department of physics Peking university Beijing 100871 China 3. Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China

The newly developed full-potential linearized augmented plane wave (LAPW) and local orbitals (lo) based on standard APW methods are briefly introduced, and the structure and magnetic properties of R(Fe, Si)12.compounds (R = Y, Nd) are calculated using the method. The distribution of Si at different sites is analyzed based on total energy of one crystal unit with structure having been optimized. The characters of magnetic mo-ments, total density of states (TDOS) and partial density of states (PDOS) for different crystal sites Si occupies are obtained and analyzed. The results show that the total mag-netic moments of RFe10Si2.(R = Y, Nd) are larger than those of RFe10M2.(M = Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Mo and W) and the hybridization mechanism is seen as follows. Si(8j) reduce the mag-netic moments of Fe at three sites, however, Si(8f) mainly reduce the magnetic moments of Fe(8i) and Fe(8j) atoms. The Curie temperature is markedly enhanced by the introduc-tion of Si atoms according to spin fluctuation of DOS at Fermi level.

关键词： (L)APW+lo method R(Fe Si)12.R = Y Nd) magnetic moment Density of state.

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High-pressure synthesis and properties of CeO_2.ZrO_2.solid solution

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Chinese science Bulletin 2001年第10期46卷 801-806页

作者： XU Dapeng, WANG Quanyong, LU Zhe, LIU Zhiguo, ZHANG Gongmu & SU Wenhui1. department of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 13.02.1}1} 2. International {2. for Materials Physics, Chinese Academy of {3.s, Shenyang 110015, china 3. {2. for Condensed Matter and Radiation Physics, china {2. of Advanced {3. and technology (World Laboratory), {12. 100080, china department of Physics Jilin University Changchun China International center for Materials Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang China center for Condensed Matter and Radiation Physics China Center of Advanced Science and Technology (World Laboratory) Beijing China

Using nanoparticles of CeO2.and ZrO2.prepared by the chemical precipitation method as starting materials, the single-phase cubic Ce0.5Zr0.5O2.solid solution (c-Ce0.5Z0.5O2. has been synthesized under 3.1 GPa at 1073.K for the first time. The structure of the c-Ce0.5Zr0.5O2.has not been changed before and after annealing at 773.K for 1 h. Only an unknown EPR signal (g =1.990) has been observed in the c-Ce0.5Zr0.5O2.and not varied after annealing at 773.K for 1 h, which exhibited that there exists no Ce3. in the c-Ce0.5Zr0.5O2.and the Ce4+ has not been reduced into Ce3. after annealing. The transport mechanism is ionic for the c-Ce0.5Zr0.5O2. The bulk conductivity (a =1.2.10-5 S/cm at 82.0}K, σ=2.1 ×10-3.S/cm at 112.0}K) is the same as that of CeO2. but smaller than that of Y2.3.stabilized ZrO2. A marked curvature at T = 82.0}K has been observed in the Arrhenius plot of the bulk conductivity. The activation energy below 82.0}K is lower than that above 82.0}K, and the reason has been discussed.

关键词： CeO2.ZrO2 nanocrystalline high-pressure and -temperature solid-state reaction solid solution.

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A note on n-edge chromatic number

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Chinese science Bulletin 1997年第23期42卷 1952-1954页

作者： SUN Liang and ZHANG Zhongfu1. department of Applied Mathematics, beijing Institute of{2., beijing 100081, china 2. Institute of Applied Mathematics, Lanzhou Institute of Railway, Lanzhou 73.070, china department of Applied Mathematics Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China

ALL graphs appearing in this note are simple. A graph with p vertices and q edges will becalled a (p, q )-graph. The maximum degree of G is denoted by Δ(G).Let n≥2.be an integer. The n-edge chromatic number X_n (G) of a simple graph G is theminimum cardinality of a set of colors with which one can assign the colors to the edges of Gsuch that the edges on a path of length less than or equal to n receive different *** aim of this note is to explore the bounds for X’_n (G) and X’_n (G) + X’_n (G). It is

关键词： graph complement n-edge chromatic number.

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The evolution and morphological stability of a spherical crystal

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science china(Technological sciences) 2008年第3期51卷 225-243页

作者： CHEN MingWen1,2. WANG ZiDong2.& XU JianJun3.4 1 School of Applied sciences, University of science and {2. {3., {3. 100083. china 2.School of Materials science and Engineering, University of science and {2. {3., {3. 100083. china 3.School of Mathematical sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 3.0071, china 4 department of Mathematics and Statistics, McGill University, Montreal H3. 2.6, Canada 1. School of Applied sciences University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China 2. School of Materials science and Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China 3. School of Mathematical sciences Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China 4. department of Mathematics and Statistics McGill University Montreal H3A 2K6 Canada

The growth model of a spherical crystal in the undercooled melt including the surface energy, interfacial kinetics and convective flow is established. The effect of the convective flow induced by a small far field flow on the evolution and morphological stability of the interface of the spherical crystal is studied. The interface shape of the spherical crystal, which is affected by the far field flow, and the dispersion relation of the growth rate of amplitude of the perturbed interface are derived. It is shown that the convection induced by the far field flow makes the interface of the growing spherical crystal further grow in the upstream direction of the far field flow and inhibit growth in the downstream direction; the interface of the decaying spherical crystal further decays in the upstream direction and inhibits decay in the downstream direction. The theoretical result suggests that both the growth of the sphere in the upstream direction and the decay of the sphere in the downstream direction make the spherical crystal tend to evolve into an oval; the morphological stability of the interface depends on a certain radius R c such that the spherical crystal is unstable when its radius is greater than R c and stable when its radius is less than R c . The surface energy and interfacial kinetics have strong stabilizing effects on the growth of the spherical crystal. In the meantime interfacial kinetics is a table factor of the interface when the interface of the sphere is growing; it is an unstable factor of the interface when the interface is decaying.

关键词： solid-liquid interface spherical crystal convective flow crystal growth morphological stability

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Mechanical Property and Microstructural Characterization of C-Mn-Al-Si Hot Dip Galvanizing TRIP Steel

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2012年第8期19卷 29-36页

作者： JIANG Hai-tao1, DING Wei1,2. TANG Di1, HUANG Wei1 (1. National Engineering Research center for Advanced Rolling technology, University of{2. and technology beijing, beijing 100083. china 2. School of Material and Metallurgy, Inner Mongolia University of{2. and technology, Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia, china) [a] National Engineering Research center for Advanced Rolling technology University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China [b] School of Material and Metallurgy Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology Baotou 014010 Inner Mongolia China

Mechanical properties and microstructure in high strength hot dip galvanizing TRIP steel were investigated by optical microscope (OM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), dilatometry and mechanical testing. On the heat treatment process of different intercritical annealing (IA) temperatures, isothermal bainitic transformation (IBT) temperatures and IBT time, this steel shows excellent mechanical properties with tensile strength over 780 MPa and elongation more than 2.%. IBT time is a crucial factor in determining the mechanical properties as it confirms the bainite transformation process, as well as the microstructure of the steel. The microstructure of the hot dip galvanizing TRIP steel consisted of ferrite, bainite, retained austenite and martensite during the short IBT time. The contents of ferrite, bainite, retained austenite and martensite with different IBT time were calculated. The results showed that when IBT time increased from 2. to 60 s, the volume of bainite increased from 14.3.% to 16.95% and the volume of retained austenite increased from 13.64% to 16.2.%; meanwhile, the volume of martensite decreased from 7.18% to 1.89%. Both the transformation induced plasticity of retained austenite and the hardening of martensite are effective, especially, the latter plays a dominant role in the steel containing 7.18% martensite which shows similar strength characteristics as dual-phase steel, but a better elongation. When martensite volume decreases to 1.89%, the steel shows typical mechanical properties of TRIP, as so small amount of martensite has no obvious effect on the mechanical properties.

关键词： TRIP steel isothermal bainitic transformation martensite mechanical property

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Reconstruction of precipitation variation from tree rings in recent 1000 years in Delingha, Qinghai

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science china Earth sciences 2005年第7期48卷 939-949页

作者： SHAO Xuemei1, HUANG Lei1, LIU Hongbin2. LIANG Eryuan1, FANG Xiuqi3.& WANG Lili1 1. Institute of Geographic sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of sciences, {2. 100101,{3. 2. National Climate center, {2. 100081,{3. 3. {2. Normal University, {2. 100875,{3. Institute of Geographic sciences Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China National Climate center Beijing 100081 China beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China

Using seven well-replicated Qilian juniper (Sabina przewalskii Kom.) ring-width chronologies developed at Zongwulong and Shalike Mts. in the northeastern part of the Qaidam Basin annual precipitation from previous July to current June in the recent 1000 years was re- constructed for Delingha. The reconstruction can capture 63.1% of precipitation variance and the equation was stable over time. For the reconstructed precipitation, wet periods occurred in AD152.—163. and 193.—2.01, whereas dry intervals in 142.—1519 and 163.—1741. In ad- dition, the magnitude in precipitation variation was lower before 143. with about 15 mm, but it increased to 3. mm during the period of 143. to 1850. After 1850, the precipitation variance de- creased again. In contrast to the increase in temperature, a decrease in annual precipitation was evident since the 1990s. The agreement in low-frequency variation between the reconstruction and the glacier accumulation and particulate content in Dunde ice cores during the recent several hundred years suggested that the precipitation reconstructed in this study was rather reliable, and represented a regional signal. This 1000-year reconstruction could benefit our understanding of climatic variation in decadal to century-scale in this region, and provide basic data to climate models and to prediction of future climate in the 2.st century.

关键词： northeastern part of the Qaidam Basin tree-ring width series of Qilian juniper precipitation reconstruction in 1000 years.

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Analysis and application of automatic deformation monitoring data for buildings and structures of mining area

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 2011年第S3期21卷 516-522页

作者： XIAO Jie1, 2. 3. ZHANG Jin4 1. Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of sciences, Wuhan 43.077, china 2. Key Laboratory of Dynamic Geodesy, Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of sciences, Wuhan 43.077, china 3. Graduate School of Chinese Academy of sciences, beijing 100049, china 4. department of Surveying and Mapping, Taiyuan University of {12., Taiyuan 03.02., china Taiyuan Univ Technol Dept Surveying & Mapping Taiyuan 030024 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Inst Geodesy & Geophys Key Lab Dynam Geodesy Wuhan 430077 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Grad Sch Beijing 100049 Peoples R China

The buildings and structures of mines were monitored automatically using modern surveying technology. Through the analysis of the monitoring data, the deformation characteristics were found out from three aspects containing points, lines and regions, which play an important role in understanding the stable state of buildings and structures. The stability and deformation of monitoring points were analysed, and time-series data of monitoring points were denoised with wavelet analysis and Kalman filtering, and exponent function and periodic function were used to get the ideal deformation trend model of monitoring points. Through calculating the monitoring data obtained, analyzing the deformation trend, and cognizing the deformation regularity, it can better service mine safety production and decision-making.

关键词： wavelet analysis Kalman filtering deformation monitoring data analysis mine

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