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Nitrogen export by runoff and sedimentunder different types of land use inWest Tiaoxi catchment

Journal of Geographical sciences 2002年第4期12卷 443-450页

作者： LIANG Tao1, ZHANG Xiumei1, ZHANG Shen1, YU Xingxiu2. WANG Hao3.1. Inst. of Geographic sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101,{2. 2. Nanjing institute of {3. and limnology, CAS, Nanjing 2.0008,{2. 3. institute of Reso Inst. of Geographic sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS Beijing China Nanjing institute of geography and {2. CAS Nanjing China institute of Resources Science Beijing Normal University Beijing China

Five typical land covers in West Tiaoxi catchment of china, including mulberry garden, bamboo forest, pinery, vegetable plot and paddy field, were studied on nitrogen loss in artificial rainstorm runoff and sediment. Triple duplication experiments have been carried out under the artificial rain condition with an intensity of 2.***?1 and lasting 3. minutes in 3.m2.field. Export of various species of nitrogen in runoff and sediment were investigated. The results show that nitrogen loss amount and rate are quite different among five kinds of land covers. The loss of total nitrogen in runoff of mulberry is the largest and that of paddy field is the smallest. Particle nitrogen accounts for 70–90% of total nitrogen in runoff of various kinds of land covers. Loss of dissolved nitrogen in pinery is much higher than in other kinds of land covers, which are similar among them. More detailed species of dissolved nitrogen show their respective features among various land covers. Total amounts of nitrogen loss from the top 10 cm layer of 5 kinds of soils are estimated as high as 4.66–9.40 g.m?2. of which nitrogen loss through sediment of runoff accounts for more than 90%. The rate of total nitrogen losses are ranged in 2.68–14.48 mg.m?***?1 in runoff, which is much lower than that of 100.01–172.67 mg.m?***?1 in sediment of runoff.

关键词： surface runoff nitrogen export artificial rainstorm land use

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Carbon Storage and Vertical Distribution in Three Shrubland Communities in Gurbantünggüt Desert,Uygur AutonomousRegion of Xinjiang,Northwest china

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chinese Geographical Science 2012年第5期22卷 541-549页

作者： GONG Yanming 1 ,HU Yukun 1 ,FANG Fei 1 ,LIU Yanyan 1 ,LI Kaihui 1 ,ZHANG Guangming 2.(1.Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land,Xinjiang institute of Ecology and geography,{3. academy of sciences,Urumqi 83.011,china 2.State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, institute of Botany,{3. academy of sciences,Beijing 100093.china) 1. Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi 830011 China 2. State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China

This study was carried out in the Gurbantünggüt Desert,Uygur Autonomous Region of Xinjiang,Northwest china in August,*** quantify the storage,contribution and vertical distribution patterns of plant biomass carbon (PBC)and soil organic carbon(SOC)in the study area,we investigated the carbon concentrations and its vertical distribution in three different desert shrubland communities dominated by Reaumuria soongorica,Haloxylon ammodendron+*** and Tamarix ramosissima+***,*** analyzed vertical distribution of root biomass carbon and soil carbon contents by excavating soil profiles for each dominated *** results show that SOC is considerably the larger carbon pool in the soil layers of 1.0-3.0 m(the mean value of three shrubland communities is 3..46%)and 3.0-5.0 m(the mean value is 40.2.%).In contrast,70.74%of belowground biomass carbon storage in 0-1.0 m layer,and its content decrease with increasing soil *** Haloxylon ammodendron+R. soongorica shrubland community has the highest belowground biomass carbon among three selected communities. This study highlights the importance of SOC stored in deep soil layers(lower than 3.0 m from the surface)in arid shrubland communities in the global carbon *** addition,it provides the data support for revealing deep soil solid carbon potential,and offers scientific basis for the further research in the carbon cycle of terrestrial ecosystem.

关键词： shrubland community plant biomass carbon soil organic carbon vertical distribution Gurbantünggüt desert

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THE SIMULATED STORAGE CAPACITY OF FLOOD AND WATERLOGGING IN THE TYPICAL AGRICULTURAL REGION IN JIANGHAN PLAIN

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chinese Geographical Science 2001年第3期11卷 68-72页

作者： WANG Xue-lei 1,2.,LIU Xing-tu 2.,HU Wang-bing 1 (1.institute of Geodesy and Geophysics,the chinese academy of sciences,Wuhan 4{2.077,P.R.china 2.Changchun institute of geography,the chinese academy of sciences,Changchun 1{2.02.,P.R.china) institute of Geodesy and Geophysics the Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan P. R. China Changchun institute of geography the Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun P. R. China

The Jianghan plain is one of the important bases of china’s agricultural productivity,located in central and southern Hubei province in the mi ddle reach of Yangtze *** Jian ghan Plain is the one region of flood a nd waterlog-ging occurring *** area is low-lying and is characterized by deep alluvial deposits,many smalle r rivers and numerous larger and shallow lakes fo rmed by meandering of the Changjiang(Yangtze)*** alluvial plain is a honey-comb of waterways bordered by natura l levees,and the depressional areas encompassed by these waterways are dish-shaped in *** s ystems of rivers and lakes are main we tland types in this *** to wetlands in Jianghan plain-lake district fulfill the function related to the flood r egulation,the estimating of the sto rage capacity is use-ful to controlling and reducing the d isasters of flooding and *** this paper,by selecting typic al experimental area,based on its DEM,the relation a mong the water level,area and volume of inundation in the typical region i s de-fined by using regression *** on the agricultural cultivating line in this region and the experim ent result of bear-ing the inundation for crop,we defin e the storage capacity of the typical region in Jianghan Plain -Lake distr ict.

关键词： Jianghan Plain storage capacity simulation agricultural region

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THE CHARACTERISTICS AND MAIN PROBLEMSOF MINORITY REGIONS IN china

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chinese Geographical Science 2001年第4期11卷 8-13页

作者： ZHANG Luo-cheng, WU Chu-cai(Nanjing institute of geography & {2., the{3., Nanjing 2.0008, P. R. china) Nanjing institute of geography & {2. the Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing P. R. China

ABSTRACT: china is a country that has a large number of minorities, who live in specific regions which are mainly located in central and west china. These regions are abundant in natural resources, which are potential advantages and also an important basis for economic development in these regions. They are of general importance for china in strategic and ecological terms. They will not only affect the environment for survival of the minority regions but also affect the sustainable development of the eastern and central parts of china and even the survival and development of the chinese nation as a whole. Minorities live in relatively compact communities, among the 55 minorities, 3. of them were highly compact minorities, with a compact level of more than 90% . Here the development in infrastructure as well as social and economic development (e. g. export-oriented economy) has been and is still slow, regional poverty are most concentrated. The economic structures in minority areas are still in the low stage, which have resulted in underdevelopment in these regions.

关键词： minority regions development problems

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The δ^(18)O in the Guliya shallow ice core during the prevailing summer monsoons and sea-air interactions

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Journal of Geographical sciences 2001年第4期11卷 58-68页

作者： ZHANG Xin-ping1,2. Masayoshi Nakawo3. YAO Tan-dong4 (1. Nanjing institute of {2. and limnology, CAS, Nanjing {3., china 2. institute of Territory and Environment Research, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, china 3. institute for Hydro CAS Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology Nanjing China (GRID:grid.9227.e) (ISNI:***) Hunan Normal University Institute of Territory and Environment Research Changsha China (GRID:grid.411427.5) (ISNI:***) Nagoya University Institute for Hydrospheric-Atmospheric Sciences Nagoya Japan (GRID:grid.27476.30) (ISNI:***) CAS Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Lanzhou China (GRID:grid.9227.e) (ISNI:***)

The correlations of the d18Omax in the shallow ice core from the Guliya ice cap on the Tibetan Plateau with the global sea surface temperatures (SST) and height at the 500 hPa over the Northern Hemisphere were analyzed. The correlated regions on oceans that have a significant influence on the d18Omax in the Guliya ice core are all located in ocean currents, or convergent regions of currents. They are the eastern Equatorial Pacific, the Northern Pacific Current, the Hot Pool in the eastern Indian Ocean, the Mozambique Current, the Northern Atlantic Current, the Canary Current and the Atlantic Equatorial Current. The d18Omax in the Guliya ice core has negative correlations with the SST located in the lower latitudes, and positive correlations with the SST in the middle latitudes. The correlated areas at the 500 hPa that have a great impact on the d18Omax are located in the subtropical highs over the mid-low-latitude oceans and the long-wave trough area over Balkhash Lake, where there are marked negative correlations between the heights in those areas and the d18Omax. The influencing mechanism is displayed by the diversity of the vapor origins transported to the Guliya region. The strengths of the European ridge and the ridge over Baikal Lake have notable positive correlations with the d18Omax. The two systems indirectly influence the vapor transportation towards the Guliya region by the adjustment of long-wave trough and ridge.

关键词： the Tibetan Plateau the Guliya ice core δ18Omax SST circulation at 500 hPa correlation

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Analysis on areal relationship between regional environment and socioeconomy—taking the chinese Yellow Sea coastal zone as a case

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Journal of Geographical sciences 2000年第4期10卷 94-102页

作者： WANG Mao-jun1, LUAN Wei-xin1, ZHANG Xue-xia2. Song Wei3.(1. institute of Marine Resources, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 11602. 2. Changchun institute of geography,{3., Changchun 13.02. 3. Department of geography, Liaoni

From the regional view, this paper analyzes the regional difference between the environmental regional structure and the socio-economic structure, establishes the regional connection between them, and determines the l... 详细信息

关键词： environmental comprehensive index regional correlation factor analysis

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Land Use of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area and the Effect on Its Landscape Pattern in the Recent 50 Years

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Wuhan University Journal of Natural sciences 2006年第4期11卷 910-914页

作者： HUANG Zhiqin 1,2.3., ZHOU Wancun 1 ,ZHOU Jieming 4 , ZHU Mingcang 3.5 1. {2. of Mountain Hazards and Environment, chinese academy of sciences , Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, china 2. Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100049, china 3. Sichuan {2. of Land Resource Management, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan , china 4. Department of Resources and Environment Science, Sichuan Normal University , Chengdu 610061, Sichuan, china 5. College of Information Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, china institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu Sichuan China Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing China Sichuan institute of Land Resource Management Chengdu Sichuan China Department of Resources and Environment Science Sichuan Normal University Chengdu Sichuan China College of Information Engineering Chengdu University of Technology Chengdu Sichuan China

The paper makes detailed analysis on the changing processes of the main types of land use in Three Gorges Reservoir Area through the techniques of RS （Remote Sense） and GIS （geography Information System）. Based on the theory of landscape ecology, many types of landscape pattern indexes are calculated and made correlation analysis. The results indicate that： in 1995 the ecological environment of Three Gorges Reservoir Area was the most vulnerable in the recent 50 years, but resumed in 2.02. the landscape pattern diversity index, fractal dimension index and fragmentation index has close correlation with the area of land use/cover change （LUCC）. The research also releases that the increase of the cultivated land, grassland and construction land deteriorates the landscape ecological pattern, while the increase of forest land area will help restore the landscape ecological pattern to its original state. The rapid change of grassland is an important index of the change of landscape pattern, because it has the most effect on change of landscape pattern index.

关键词： the Three Gorges Reservoir Area land use/cover change landscape pattern.

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Daily variation of carbon flux in soils of Populus euphratica forests in the middle and lower reaches of the Tarim River

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2007年第5期17卷 584-590页

作者： Huang Xiang , Chen Yaning , Li Weihong , Ma Jianxin and Chen Yapeng (Xinjiang institute of Ecology and geography,{2., Urumqi 83.011,{3. Graduate University,{2., Beijing 10003.,{3.) [a]Xinjiang institute of Ecology and geography Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi China [b]chinese academy of {2. Graduate University Beijing China

In order to lucubrate the daily variation of respiration in soils of Populus euphratica forests and analyze its relationship with environmental factors in the middle and lower reaches of the Tarim River, the LI-8100 instrument of soil CO2.flux system was used to measure the parameters of soil carbon flux and air temperature 10 cm above ground surface along the profiles of Usyman, Archy River, Yengisu and Karday, and the relationships between the soil carbon flux and the soil moisture content were analyzed. The nonlinear regression analysis was carried out with the software SPSS13.0. We observed that: (1) soil respiration began to be restrained when the air temperature was up to 3.℃10 cm above the ground surface; (2. the rates of soil respiration under the forests of Populus euphratica were significantly different at various moisture contents, the soil carbon flux was high along the Usyman profile, which has a high soil moisture content, and it was low along the profiles of Archy River, Yengisu and Karday, which has a low soil moisture content; (3. the exponential model can be used to explain the relationship between soil respiration and air temperature 10 cm above the ground surface. The average Q10 values along the profiles of Usyman, Archy River, Yengisu and Karday are 0. 61, 0.16, 0. 2. and 0. 3. respectively, much lower than the average of the world; (4) there is a positive correlation between the soil carbon flux and the soil moisture content.

关键词： Populus euphratica soil carbon flux air temperature 10 cm above ground surface soil moisture content the Tarim River.

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Fluxes of CO_2. N_2. and CH_4 from a typical temperate grassland in Inner Mongolia and its daily variation

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chinese Science Bulletin 2000年第17期45卷 1590-1594页

作者： DONG Yunshe, ZHANG Shen, Ql Yuchun, CHEN Zuozhong & GENG Yuanbo1. institute of geography,{2., Beijing 100101,{3.:2. institute of Botany,{2., Beijing 100093.{3. Correspondence should be addressed to Dong Yunshe institute of geography Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

Using a dark enclosed chamber technique, the fluxes of CO2. N2. and CH4 from nature and disturbed grassland were measured on the spot in Inner Mongolian Temperate Grassland along the annual rainfall gradient section ranging from 450 to 2.0 mm. The results showed that the measured mean fluxes of CO2. N2. and CH4were (1 180.4 ±3.8.7), (0.010 ± 0.004) and (-0.03. ± 0.016) mg · m-2.h, respectively. The decrease of the fluxes of CO2. N2. and CH4 follows with that of annual rainfall gradient in the measurement area. Human activities, such as grazing and reclamation are also critical factors to affect the fluxes of these gases from grassland. Daily continuous measurement of CO2. N2. and CH4 fluxes showed a strong diurnal variation with higher emission in the daytime. A good relationship between the fluxes of CO2. N2., CH4 and temperature was exposed in this study.

关键词： Northeast china Transect (NECT) temperate grassland greenhouse gas flux.

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SEDIMENT HAZARDS IN THE LOWER YELLOW RIVER

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International Journal of Sediment Research 1999年第2期14卷 25-30页

作者： SHI Changxing (Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of china) (institute of {2.,{3., china)

The main sediment hazards in the lower Yellow River are flooding, channel erosion, desertification of cultivated lands, waterlogging. and soil salinization. Some of the hazards are the direct results of sediment movement and the others are related with sediment movement by the special landforms which themselves are the results of sediment movement. On the one hand, the sediment hazards,such as flooding. bank erosion and soil salinization, are aggravated by serious sediment accumulation in the Yellow River channel and irrigation canals due to heavy sediment load of the rived On the other hand, the distribution of the sediment deposit of different grain sizes is also a main factor influencing flooding, desertification, waterlogging and soil salinization hazards. The paper suggests to change the distribution of sedimentation as a measure of mitigating sediment hazards.

关键词： Sediment hazard The lower Yellow Rived Mitigation of sediment hazard

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