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Progress and review of the studies on the end-Triassic mass extinction event

Science China Earth Sciences 2005年第12期48卷 2049-2060页

作者： DENG Shenghui1,2, LU Yuanzheng1,2,3.& XU Daoyi4.1. Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, beijing 100083. China 2. Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir of PetroChina, beijing 100083. China 3. China university of geosciences, beijing 100083. China 4. Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, beijing 100029, China Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development Beijing China Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir of PetroChina Beijing China China university of geosciences Beijing China Institute of Geology China Earthquake Administration Beijing China

The mass extinction at the end-Triassic is one of the five biggest in the Phanerozoic. However,it is the least well understood among these five events, and only till last decade it became a great academic interesting subject to geologists. The evidences for this event come obviously from bivalves, brachiopods, ammonites, corals, radiolaria, ostracods and foraminifera of marine habitats, and plants and tetrapods of terrestrial realm. By contrast, for some of other groups, such as marine gastropods and marine vertebrates, no mass extinction has been recog-nized yet. The extinction event is strongly marked at specific level but shown a complicated situa-tion at generic and family levels. Dramatic changing of the environment, such as the temperature raise due to the greenhouse effect, the marine anoxic habitats caused by a sudden transgression after the regression at the end of Triassic, has been claimed to be the main cause of the extinction. Many hypotheses have been suggested to demonstrate the mechanisms of the environment changing, among which two popular ones are the bolide impact and volcanic eruption. The Triassic-Jurassic (Tr-J) boundary mass extinction event is still poorly understood because no enough data have been obtained from the Tr-J boundary successional sections of both marine and terrestrial sediments, and most of these studies were regionally restricted. The basic aspects of the event and its associated environmental conditions remain poorly characterized and the causal mechanism or mechanisms are equivocal. Some authors even doubt its occurrence. China has many successionally developed terrestrial and marine Tr-J sections. Detailed studies of these sections may be important and significant for well understanding of the event.

关键词： progress, review, end-Triassic, mass extinction, mechanism, Tr-J boundary.

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The crustal structure under Sanjiang and its dynamic implications:Revealed by seismic reflection/refraction profile between Zhefang and Binchuan,Yunnan

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Science China Earth Sciences 2005年第9期48卷 1329-1336页

作者： ZHANG Zhongjie1, BAI Zhiming1, WANG Chunyong2, TENG Jiwen1, Lü Qingtian3. LI Jiliang1, LIU Yifeng1 & LIU Zhenkuan4.1. Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100029, China 2. Institute of Geophysics, China Seismological Bureau, beijing 100085, China 3. Institute of Deposition Resource, Chinese Academy of {4., beijing 10003., China 4. School of Exploration and Information, China university of {4., beijing 100083. China Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Institute of Geophysics China Seismological Bureau Beijing China Institute of Deposition Resource Chinese Academy of Geosciences Beijing China School of Exploration and Information China University of Geosciences Beijing China

The fault belts in Sanjiang mainly include Jinshajiang-Honghe fault, Lancangjiang fault and Nujiang fault (called Sanjiang faults) in western Yunnan Province, China. By interpreting the wide-angle seismic reflection/refraction profile between Zhefang and Binchuan, which crosses Tengchong and Baoshan blocks in Dianxi (western Yunnan) tectonic zone, we recon- struct the crustal structure with seismic traveltime tomography for crustal P-wave velocity and the seismic scattering image for crustal seismic reflection structure. In this paper, we firstly present the crustal structure images of P-wave velocity and seismic reflection under the wide-angle seismic profile. These results demonstrate that, the crustal velocity structure and seismic reflec- tion structure along the profile can be divided into 3.segments, and there is an obvious difference of crustal structure among the eastern, the western and the middle segment. Generally, crustal P-wave velocities in the Baoshan segment are 0.1―0.2 km/s slower and seismic reflection am- plitudes from Moho discontinuity are stronger than the other 2 segments. In the studied area, crustal thickness is about 4. km, and shows the thickening tendency from west to east along the profile. Additionally, it can be seen that there is one strong-amplitude seismic reflection event as bright points at the depths of 8―10 km, along the segment of 80―115 km of the profile (south- ward of Tengchong); and seismic reflection wave-field from Moho discontinuity varies obviously along the lateral direction. Finally, we make some discussions on the crustal thickening pattern in the Sanjiang fault belt, structural environment of earthquake development and the contact rela- tionship between the Tengchong block, Banshan block and Luxi trough.

关键词： Sanjiang area wide-angle seismic profile crustal structure.

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Transport network and flow mechanism of shallow ore-bearing magma in Tongling ore cluster area

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Science China Earth Sciences 2006年第4期49卷 397-407页

作者： DENG Jun1,2, WANG Qingfei1,2 , HUANG Dinghua3., WAN Li4. YANG Liqiang1,2 & GAO Bangfei1,2 1. State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China university of geosciences, beijing {3. China 2. Key Laboratory of Lithosphere Tectonics and Lithoprobing Technology of Ministry of Education, China university of Geo- sciences, beijing {3. China 3. Faculty of Earth Sciences, China university of geosciences, Wuhan 4.0}074. China 4. School of Mathematics and Information Science, Guangzhou university, Guangzhou 5104.5, China State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources China University of Geosciences Beijing China Key Laboratory of Lithosphere Tectonics and Lithoprobing Technology of Ministry of Education China University of Geosciences Beijing China Faculty of Earth Sciences China University of Geosciences Wuhan China School of Mathematics and Information Science Guangzhou University Guangzhou China

Abundant studies revealed that shallow intrusions of the Yanshanian epoch resulted in the mass mineralization of the Tongling region. Various evidences showed there existed a concealed magma chamber at ?10 km depth in the middle part of this region during Yanshanian epoch, from which the ore-forming magma was generated and then transported to the superficial layer. Yet the transport network and flow mechanism of the shallow ore-bearing magma, the key problem associ- ated with ore-forming process, was relatively little focused on. Integrate analysis of structural me- chanics, statistical fractal and geological facts suggested that NE trending high-angle fold-related thrust faults and the tessellated basement ones served as the main pathways for the shallow magma’s transporting, moreover, the saddle void spaces among adjacent strata in the folds upon this fault system provided the place for magma’s emplacement. So the folds in the upper part and faults in the lower part of the upper crust constituted the fluid’s transport and emplacement network. During the deformation of geologic body with multi-layer structure, the layers in the upper part tended to fold when received the jacking stress from the lower part, while the lower one inclined to fault undergoing loads of the upper part. And the producing probability of this structure assemblage was highly in- creased in the condition, such as in the Tongling area, that the mechanic rigidity of the lower layers was stronger than that of the upper ones. For the pre-existence of fluid-conducting network, the top magma with high volatile in the magma chamber transported rapidly to the superficial layer in dyking pattern, located in the void spaces of folds, filled and reconstructed them. The sudden drop of pres- sure caused the fluid unmixing from the magma and mass ore-forming elements concentration. Pulse activity of the dyking may be the principal reason why magmatic bodies in the Tongling area were spatially-temporally con

关键词： Tongling, structural network, magma intrusion, fractal, dyke.

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Study on the changes of water cycle and its impacts in the source region of the Yellow River

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2004年第z1期47卷 142-151页

作者： ZHANG Shifeng1, JIA Shaofeng1, LIU Changming1, CAO Wenbing2, HAO Fanghua3. LIU Jiuyu4.& YAN Huayun5 1. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100101, China 2. China university of geosciences, beijing 100083. China 3. beijing Normal university, beijing 100875, China 4. Bureau of Hydrology of Yellow River Conservancy Commission, Zhengzhou 4.0003. China 5. Bureau of Hydrology and Water Resource Investigation of Qinghai Province, Xining 810001, China Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China

The water cycle in the source region of the Yellow River underwent great changes in the 1990s. The major features of the changes are as follows: the gauged runoff declined significantly while the precipitation increased slightly, and the runoff process was more concentrated on the flood season. Water balance analyses indicate that the pondage was kept in the status of negative equilibrium, causing eco-environmental problems. The runoff decrement is due to evaporation increment in this region. Studies show that the runoff process in this region is closely related to that of the other hydrological stations in the upper reaches. When the runoff declines in the source regions, the amount of water also declines in the whole upper reaches of the Yellow River, affecting the balance between water demand and supply. Meanwhile changes will take place in the water cycle of the river course system when the eco-environment deteriorates. The trend of water cycle change in the source region is that the runoff will keep declining with the increment of evaporation caused by temperature rise in the northwest of China in the 21st century. But the hydraulic engineering in the source region will help to mitigate the deterioration of local eco-environment system, though the impacts to the lower reaches of this project may not be the case.

关键词： source region of the Yellow River, water cycle, evaporation, negative equilibrium.

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Lithosphere types in North China:Evidence from geology and geophysics

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Science China Earth Sciences 2005年第11期48卷 1809-1827页

作者： QIU Ruizhao1,2, DENG Jinfu3. ZHOU Su3. LI Jinfa4. XIAO Qinghui1,5, WU Zongxu6 & LIU Cui3.1. Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, beijing 10003., China 2. Development and Research Center, China Geological Survey, beijing 10003., China 3. China university of {3., beijing 100083. China 4. China university of {3., Wuhan 4.0}074. China 5. Information Center of Ministry of Land and Resources, beijing 100812, China 6. Institute of Geology, State Seismological Bureau, beijing 100029, China Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing China Development and Research Center China Geological Survey Beijing China China university of geosciences Beijing China China university of geosciences Wuhan China Information Center of Ministry of Land and Resources Beijing China Institute of Geology State Seismological Bureau Beijing China

On the basis of the characteristics of geology and geophysics in North China, three types of lithosphere, namely, the cratonic, the orogenic and the rift lithospheres can be classified. In terms of petrological method (based on the information from Precambrian rock assemblages, igneous activities, deep-seated enclaves, etc.) and the relationship between seismic velocity and rock compositions, the crust-mantle petrological and chemical structure models can be set up. Researching results indicate that the geology and geophysics of North China platform bears the similar characteristics in comparison with those of the global typical cratons. The Eerduosi(Ordos) block located in the west of the North China Platform is a remnant of cratonic lithosphere after the North China platform had undergone “activation” in Mesozoic and “reconstruction” in Cenozoic times. The continental crust consists mainly of TTG rock assemblage while the subcontinental lithosphere mantle mainly consists of strongly depleted harzburgite. The craton was finally formed in late Archaean and early Proterozoic, and has been kept in stability up to present; its crustal-mantle petrological structures of lithosphere can be set up as a reference for the study of North China craton and even Sino-Korean craton. In the Mesozoic period, the middle and east areas of North China platform were activated in the Yanshanian orogenic process, the continental crust was reformed by material and heat-transfer of convective mantle and the original crustal TTG component was reconstructed to be granitic crust, and the subcontinental lithosphere man- tle was replaced by the Yanshanian harzburgite-lherzolite. The Yanshan-Taihang Mountains were the remnants of orogenic lithosphere after the rifting in eastern North China in Cenozoic. The present thickness of continental crust and lithosphere in the Yanshan-Taihang Mountains is not equal to their thickness during the Yanshanian orogenic movement because they had undergone the

关键词： lithospheric types,evidence of geology and geophysics,crust-mantle petrological structure,deep process

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Application of backflush and micro-flow techniques to the analysis of C5—C13.hydrocarbons in crude oils and its geochemical significance

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2007年第11期17卷 1382-1387页

作者： Wang Peirong1,2, Zhao Hong2,3. Xu Guanjun1,4. Zhu Cuishan2,3. Xiao Tingrong4. Zhang Min2,3.and Zhang Bin1,4.1. Key Laboratory of Petroleum Geochemistry, China National Petroleum Corporation, beijing {4. China 2. Geochemistry Department of Yangtze university, Jingzhou 4.0}023. China 3. Key Laboratory of Exploration Technologies for Oil and Gas Resources, Ministry of Education, Yangtze university, Jingzhou 4.0}023. China 4. Petroleum Geology Central Laboratory, Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, PetroChina, beijing {4. China) Key Laboratory of Petroleum Geochemistry China National Petroleum Corporation Beijing 100083 China Geochemistry Department of Yangtze university Jingzhou 434023 China Key Laboratory of Exploration Technologies for Oil and Gas Resources Ministry of Education Yangtze University Jingzhou 434023 China Petroleum Geology Central Laboratory Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development PetroChina Beijing 100083 China

An Agilent 6890N GC equipped with both FID and Agilent 5975 MSD analyzer has been employed to analyze C5—C13.hydrocarbon fractions of crude oils. A technical combination of program temperature volatilizer injection, backflush and micro-flow controller afforded a fine separation of C5—C13.compounds on a PONA column with the heavy part of crude oils being cut off before entering the analytical column. Both GC-FID chromatogram and GC-MS mass chromatograms (MID and full scan) could be obtained at the same time. The retension time differences of nC6—nC13.alkanes between GC and TIC were in the range of 0.02—0.58 minutes. Totally 286 peaks have been assigned group compositions. Results on 8 typical oil samples from CNPC Key Laboratory Crude Oil Library showed that the characteristics of C6—C13.hydrocarbon group composition could be used in oil-oil correlation studies.

关键词： GC analysis GC/MS analysis backflush micro-flow controller light fraction in crude oil

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Archean relic body at lower crust in Sulu area:Evidence from magnetic data

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2003年第6期48卷 589-593页

作者： WU Qifan1,2, LU Fengxiang3. LIU Qingsheng3. ZHENG Jianping3. WANG Maoji2 & WU Wenli4.1. Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua university, {4. 100084. China 2. Aero Geophysical Survey & Remote Sensing Center, {4. {3. China 3. China university of geosciences, Wuhan 4.0}074. China 4. Institute of Geophysical & Geochemical Exploration, Langfang 065000, China Aero Geophysical Survey & Remote Sensing Center Beijing 100083 China China university of geosciences Wuhan 430074 China Institute of Geophysical & Geochemical Exploration Langfang 065000 China Department of Engineering Physics Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

After the new 1︰1000000 aero magnetic data were processed and the three-dimensional inversion work was carried out, a vast high magnetic body northwestward was discovered. The magnetic body is located at the depth of about 20 km on the west side of Tanlu fault and at about 25 km on the east side of Tanlu fault beneath the Sulu area. There is a difference of vertical distance of 3.5 km in depth between both sides. We think that the magnetic body is an Archean metamorphic plate and belongs to the North China block. The discovery of the magnetic body is significant for us to reconstruct the structure model of the Sulu orogenic belt, delineate the suture of collision between the North China block and the Yangtze block, and estimate the depth of slipping surface when the eastside of Tanlu fault moved northward.

关键词：苏鲁地区地壳下层太古代残余体地球物理调查区域性磁场三维反演苏鲁造山带郯鲁断裂带大别-苏鲁超高压变质带

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Southeastern extension of the Red River fault zone (RRFZ) and its tectonic evolution significance in western South China Sea

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Science China Earth Sciences 2006年第8期49卷 839-850页

作者： LIU Baoming1,2,3. XIA Bin1, LI Xuxuan1,3. ZHANG Minqiang1,3. NIU Binhua2, ZHONG Lifeng1, JIN Qinghuan1,4.& JI Shaocheng1,5 1. Key Laboratory of Marginal Sea Geology and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 51064., China 2. China university of {4. (beijing), beijing 100083. China 3. Research Center of Science & Technology Department, CNOOC, beijing 100027, China 4. Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, Ministry of Land & Resources, Guangzhou 510075, China 5. Ecole Polytechnique Montreal, H3.3.7, Canada Key Laboratory of Marginal Sea Geology and Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China China university of geosciences (beijing) Beijing China Research Center of Science & Technology Department CNOOC Beijing China Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey Ministry of Land & Resources Guangzhou China Ecole Polytechnique Montreal Canada

Recent geophysical surveys and basin modeling suggest that the No.1 fault in the Ying- gehai basin (YGHB) is the seaward elongation of the Red River fault zone (RRFZ) in the South China Sea (SCS). The RRFZ, which separates the South China and Indochina block, extends first along the Yuedong fault, offshore of Vietnam, and then continues southward and breaks off into two branches: the Lupar fault and the Tinjia fault. The southern extension of the Lupar fault dies out beneath the NW Borneo while the Tinjia fault extends southeast and reaches the Brunei-Sabah area. According to the gravity and geomagnetic data, and the tectonic evolution of the basins, there are different evolution histories between the Wan’an basin (WAB) and the basins in the Nansha block. The Tinjia fault may be the boundary between the Balingian block and the Nansha block. Hence, the line linking the Yue- dong fault and the Tinjia fault, which both are continental margin faults and strike-slip ones in the geological evolution histories, constitute the boundary between the Indochina and Nansha block. The Lupar fault, in contrast, is an intraplate fault within the Indochina block. The results provide new hints for reconstructing the tectonic evolution history of the RRFZ and the opening of the SCS, and also a framework for hydrocarbon prospecting in the region.

关键词： Red River fault zone, tectonic evolution, fault, extension, western South China Sea.

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北京市城市管理委员会北京市应急管理局北京市市场监督管理局北京市消防救援总队关于印发《北京市新型储能电站运行管理办法(试行)》的通知(京管发[2024.2号)

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北京市人民政府公报 2024年第22期 65-74页

作者： 1.北京市城市管理委员会 2.北京市应急管理局 3.北京市市场监督管理局 4.北京市消防救援总队北京市城市管理委员会北京市应急管理局北京市市场监督管理局北京市消防救援总队

各有关单位:为规范我市新型储能电站运行管理,保障新型储能电站安全稳定运行,促进我市新型储能产业安全可持续发展,市城市管理委等部门研究制定了《北京市新型储能电站运行管理办法(试行)》。现印发给你们,请抓好贯彻落实。特此通知。

关键词：运行管理办法消防救援特此通知储能电站储能产业市场监督管理局安全可持续发展北京市

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Estimating surface evapotranspiration using combined MODIS and CBERS-02 data

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2005年第S2期48卷 145-160页

作者： XIN Xiaozhou1,2, LIU Qinhuo1, TANG Yong1,3. TIAN Guoliang1, GU Xingfa1, LI Xiaowen1,2, ZHENG Hongsheng4.& CHEN Jiayi4.1. State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing Applications, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100101, China 2. Research Center for Remote Sensing and GIS, Department of Geography, beijing Normal university, beijing 100875, China 3. Graduate university of Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 10003., China 4. Department of Atmospheric Physics, Peking university, beijing 100871, China State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science Institute of Remote Sensing Applications Chinese Academy of Sciences

Spatial scale error is one of the most serious problems in the estimates of land surface heat fluxes of sensible and latent from satellite-borne data such as MODIS 1km resolution reflectance and emissive data. One of the feasible and economic ways to decrease the spatial scale error is to use high resolution land use class data together with the MODIS data. CBERS-02 data were used to produce land use class of Baiyangdian area, Hebei Province, China in the autumn of 2004. The area ratio of each class in MODIS pixel was calculated, and used to derive the heat fluxes of the mixed pixel. The results showed that the estimated heat fluxes of soil, sensible and latent have been changed remarkably after using the high resolution land class data. It could be concluded from the comparison between simulated and ground-measured fluxes as well as the theoretical analysis that high resolution land class data are useful to diminishing the scale error of heat fluxes estimated from low resolution satellite data.

关键词： surface evapotranspiration spatial scale error MODIS CBERS land class.

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